linux/fs/jffs2
Linus Torvalds ac53b2e053 MTD updates for v4.5:
Generic MTD
 
  * populate the MTD device 'of_node' field (and get a proper 'of_node' symlink
    in sysfs)
    - This yielded some new helper functions, and changes across a variety of
      drivers
 
  * partitioning cleanups, to prepare for better device-tree based partitioning
    in the future
    - Eliminate a lot of boilerplate for drivers that want to use OF-based
      partition parsing
    - The DT bindings for this didn't settle yet, so most non-cleanup portions
      are deferred for a future release
 
 NAND
 
  * embed a struct mtd_info inside struct nand_chip
    - This is really long overdue; too many drivers have to do the same silly
      boilerplate to allocate and link up two "independent" structs, when in
      fact, everyone is assuming there is an exact 1:1 relationship between a
      NAND chips struct and its underlying MTD. This aids improved helpers and
      should make certain abstractions easier in the future.
    - Also causes a lot of churn, helped along by some automated code
      transformations
 
  * add more core support for detecting (and "correcting") bitflips in erased
    pages; requires opt-in by drivers, but at least we kill a few bad
    implementations and hopefully stave off future ones
 
  * pxa3xx_nand: cleanups, a few fixes, and PM improvements
 
  * new JZ4780 NAND driver
 
 SPI NOR
 
  * provide default erase function, for controllers that just want to send the
    SECTOR_ERASE command directly
 
  * fix some module auto-loading issues with device tree ("jedec,spi-nor")
 
  * error handling fixes
 
  * new Mediatek QSPI flash driver
 
 Other
 
  * cfi: force valid geometry Kconfig (finally!)
    - this one used to trip up randconfigs occasionally, since bots aren't
      deterred by big scary "advanced configuration" menus
 
 More? Probably. See the commit logs.
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Merge tag 'for-linus-20160112' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mtd

Pull MTD updates from Brian Norris:
 "Generic MTD:

   - populate the MTD device 'of_node' field (and get a proper 'of_node'
     symlink in sysfs)

     This yielded some new helper functions, and changes across a
     variety of drivers

   - partitioning cleanups, to prepare for better device-tree based
     partitioning in the future

     Eliminate a lot of boilerplate for drivers that want to use
     OF-based partition parsing

     The DT bindings for this didn't settle yet, so most non-cleanup
     portions are deferred for a future release

  NAND:

   - embed a struct mtd_info inside struct nand_chip

     This is really long overdue; too many drivers have to do the same
     silly boilerplate to allocate and link up two "independent"
     structs, when in fact, everyone is assuming there is an exact 1:1
     relationship between a NAND chips struct and its underlying MTD.
     This aids improved helpers and should make certain abstractions
     easier in the future.

     Also causes a lot of churn, helped along by some automated code
     transformations

   - add more core support for detecting (and "correcting") bitflips in
     erased pages; requires opt-in by drivers, but at least we kill a
     few bad implementations and hopefully stave off future ones

   - pxa3xx_nand: cleanups, a few fixes, and PM improvements

   - new JZ4780 NAND driver

  SPI NOR:

   - provide default erase function, for controllers that just want to
     send the SECTOR_ERASE command directly

   - fix some module auto-loading issues with device tree
     ("jedec,spi-nor")

   - error handling fixes

   - new Mediatek QSPI flash driver

  Other:

   - cfi: force valid geometry Kconfig (finally!)

     This one used to trip up randconfigs occasionally, since bots
     aren't deterred by big scary "advanced configuration" menus

  More? Probably. See the commit logs"

* tag 'for-linus-20160112' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mtd: (168 commits)
  mtd: jz4780_nand: replace if/else blocks with switch/case
  mtd: nand: jz4780: Update ecc correction error codes
  mtd: nandsim: use nand_get_controller_data()
  mtd: jz4780_nand: remove useless mtd->priv = chip assignment
  staging: mt29f_spinand: make use of nand_set/get_controller_data() helpers
  mtd: nand: make use of nand_set/get_controller_data() helpers
  ARM: make use of nand_set/get_controller_data() helpers
  mtd: nand: add helpers to access ->priv
  mtd: nand: jz4780: driver for NAND devices on JZ4780 SoCs
  mtd: nand: jz4740: remove custom 'erased check' implementation
  mtd: nand: diskonchip: remove custom 'erased check' implementation
  mtd: nand: davinci: remove custom 'erased check' implementation
  mtd: nand: use nand_check_erased_ecc_chunk in default ECC read functions
  mtd: nand: return consistent error codes in ecc.correct() implementations
  doc: dt: mtd: new binding for jz4780-{nand,bch}
  mtd: cfi_cmdset_0001: fixing memory leak and handling failed kmalloc
  mtd: spi-nor: wait until lock/unlock operations are ready
  mtd: tests: consolidate kmalloc/memset 0 call to kzalloc
  jffs2: use to_delayed_work
  mtd: nand: assign reasonable default name for NAND drivers
  ...
2016-01-13 11:25:54 -08:00
..
acl.c
acl.h
background.c signal: remove jffs2_garbage_collect_thread()->allow_signal(SIGCONT) 2015-11-06 17:50:42 -08:00
build.c
compr_lzo.c
compr_rtime.c
compr_rubin.c jffs2: compr_rubin: Remove unused function 2015-01-12 20:40:03 -08:00
compr_zlib.c initramfs: support initramfs that is bigger than 2GiB 2014-08-08 15:57:26 -07:00
compr.c
compr.h
debug.c
debug.h
dir.c jffs2: remove unnecessary new_valid_dev check 2015-09-28 16:19:16 -07:00
erase.c
file.c make new_sync_{read,write}() static 2015-04-11 22:29:40 -04:00
fs.c MTD fixes for 4.2 2015-06-23 17:38:39 -07:00
gc.c
ioctl.c
jffs2_fs_i.h
jffs2_fs_sb.h [jffs2] kill wbuf_queued/wbuf_dwork_lock 2014-10-09 02:39:01 -04:00
Kconfig
LICENCE
Makefile
malloc.c jffs2: drop null test before destroy functions 2015-09-21 17:04:57 -07:00
nodelist.c
nodelist.h
nodemgmt.c
os-linux.h fs: cleanup slight list_entry abuse 2015-06-23 18:01:59 -04:00
read.c
readinode.c jffs2: fix a memleak in read_direntry() 2015-10-04 22:30:50 +01:00
README.Locking
scan.c jffs2: fix handling of corrupted summary length 2015-02-13 17:07:54 +00:00
security.c xattr handlers: Simplify list operation 2015-12-13 19:46:12 -05:00
summary.c jffs2: fix sparse warning: unexpected unlock 2014-10-22 01:35:41 -07:00
summary.h
super.c VFS: normal filesystems (and lustre): d_inode() annotations 2015-04-15 15:06:57 -04:00
symlink.c replace ->follow_link() with new method that could stay in RCU mode 2015-12-08 22:41:54 -05:00
TODO
wbuf.c jffs2: use to_delayed_work 2016-01-06 15:16:46 -08:00
write.c
writev.c
xattr_trusted.c xattr handlers: Simplify list operation 2015-12-13 19:46:12 -05:00
xattr_user.c xattr handlers: Simplify list operation 2015-12-13 19:46:12 -05:00
xattr.c xattr handlers: Simplify list operation 2015-12-13 19:46:12 -05:00
xattr.h

	JFFS2 LOCKING DOCUMENTATION
	---------------------------

At least theoretically, JFFS2 does not require the Big Kernel Lock
(BKL), which was always helpfully obtained for it by Linux 2.4 VFS
code. It has its own locking, as described below.

This document attempts to describe the existing locking rules for
JFFS2. It is not expected to remain perfectly up to date, but ought to
be fairly close.


	alloc_sem
	---------

The alloc_sem is a per-filesystem mutex, used primarily to ensure
contiguous allocation of space on the medium. It is automatically
obtained during space allocations (jffs2_reserve_space()) and freed
upon write completion (jffs2_complete_reservation()). Note that
the garbage collector will obtain this right at the beginning of
jffs2_garbage_collect_pass() and release it at the end, thereby
preventing any other write activity on the file system during a
garbage collect pass.

When writing new nodes, the alloc_sem must be held until the new nodes
have been properly linked into the data structures for the inode to
which they belong. This is for the benefit of NAND flash - adding new
nodes to an inode may obsolete old ones, and by holding the alloc_sem
until this happens we ensure that any data in the write-buffer at the
time this happens are part of the new node, not just something that
was written afterwards. Hence, we can ensure the newly-obsoleted nodes
don't actually get erased until the write-buffer has been flushed to
the medium.

With the introduction of NAND flash support and the write-buffer, 
the alloc_sem is also used to protect the wbuf-related members of the
jffs2_sb_info structure. Atomically reading the wbuf_len member to see
if the wbuf is currently holding any data is permitted, though.

Ordering constraints: See f->sem.


	File Mutex f->sem
	---------------------

This is the JFFS2-internal equivalent of the inode mutex i->i_sem.
It protects the contents of the jffs2_inode_info private inode data,
including the linked list of node fragments (but see the notes below on
erase_completion_lock), etc.

The reason that the i_sem itself isn't used for this purpose is to
avoid deadlocks with garbage collection -- the VFS will lock the i_sem
before calling a function which may need to allocate space. The
allocation may trigger garbage-collection, which may need to move a
node belonging to the inode which was locked in the first place by the
VFS. If the garbage collection code were to attempt to lock the i_sem
of the inode from which it's garbage-collecting a physical node, this
lead to deadlock, unless we played games with unlocking the i_sem
before calling the space allocation functions.

Instead of playing such games, we just have an extra internal
mutex, which is obtained by the garbage collection code and also
by the normal file system code _after_ allocation of space.

Ordering constraints: 

	1. Never attempt to allocate space or lock alloc_sem with 
	   any f->sem held.
	2. Never attempt to lock two file mutexes in one thread.
	   No ordering rules have been made for doing so.


	erase_completion_lock spinlock
	------------------------------

This is used to serialise access to the eraseblock lists, to the
per-eraseblock lists of physical jffs2_raw_node_ref structures, and
(NB) the per-inode list of physical nodes. The latter is a special
case - see below.

As the MTD API no longer permits erase-completion callback functions
to be called from bottom-half (timer) context (on the basis that nobody
ever actually implemented such a thing), it's now sufficient to use
a simple spin_lock() rather than spin_lock_bh().

Note that the per-inode list of physical nodes (f->nodes) is a special
case. Any changes to _valid_ nodes (i.e. ->flash_offset & 1 == 0) in
the list are protected by the file mutex f->sem. But the erase code
may remove _obsolete_ nodes from the list while holding only the
erase_completion_lock. So you can walk the list only while holding the
erase_completion_lock, and can drop the lock temporarily mid-walk as
long as the pointer you're holding is to a _valid_ node, not an
obsolete one.

The erase_completion_lock is also used to protect the c->gc_task
pointer when the garbage collection thread exits. The code to kill the
GC thread locks it, sends the signal, then unlocks it - while the GC
thread itself locks it, zeroes c->gc_task, then unlocks on the exit path.


	inocache_lock spinlock
	----------------------

This spinlock protects the hashed list (c->inocache_list) of the
in-core jffs2_inode_cache objects (each inode in JFFS2 has the
correspondent jffs2_inode_cache object). So, the inocache_lock
has to be locked while walking the c->inocache_list hash buckets.

This spinlock also covers allocation of new inode numbers, which is
currently just '++->highest_ino++', but might one day get more complicated
if we need to deal with wrapping after 4 milliard inode numbers are used.

Note, the f->sem guarantees that the correspondent jffs2_inode_cache
will not be removed. So, it is allowed to access it without locking
the inocache_lock spinlock. 

Ordering constraints: 

	If both erase_completion_lock and inocache_lock are needed, the
	c->erase_completion has to be acquired first.


	erase_free_sem
	--------------

This mutex is only used by the erase code which frees obsolete node
references and the jffs2_garbage_collect_deletion_dirent() function.
The latter function on NAND flash must read _obsolete_ nodes to
determine whether the 'deletion dirent' under consideration can be
discarded or whether it is still required to show that an inode has
been unlinked. Because reading from the flash may sleep, the
erase_completion_lock cannot be held, so an alternative, more
heavyweight lock was required to prevent the erase code from freeing
the jffs2_raw_node_ref structures in question while the garbage
collection code is looking at them.

Suggestions for alternative solutions to this problem would be welcomed.


	wbuf_sem
	--------

This read/write semaphore protects against concurrent access to the
write-behind buffer ('wbuf') used for flash chips where we must write
in blocks. It protects both the contents of the wbuf and the metadata
which indicates which flash region (if any) is currently covered by 
the buffer.

Ordering constraints:
	Lock wbuf_sem last, after the alloc_sem or and f->sem.


	c->xattr_sem
	------------

This read/write semaphore protects against concurrent access to the
xattr related objects which include stuff in superblock and ic->xref.
In read-only path, write-semaphore is too much exclusion. It's enough
by read-semaphore. But you must hold write-semaphore when updating,
creating or deleting any xattr related object.

Once xattr_sem released, there would be no assurance for the existence
of those objects. Thus, a series of processes is often required to retry,
when updating such a object is necessary under holding read semaphore.
For example, do_jffs2_getxattr() holds read-semaphore to scan xref and
xdatum at first. But it retries this process with holding write-semaphore
after release read-semaphore, if it's necessary to load name/value pair
from medium.

Ordering constraints:
	Lock xattr_sem last, after the alloc_sem.