diff --git a/block.c b/block.c
index b81d1e210a..89098bc6b0 100644
--- a/block.c
+++ b/block.c
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ static int bdrv_open_common(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverState *file,
     if (drv->bdrv_file_open) {
         assert(file == NULL);
         assert(drv->bdrv_parse_filename || filename != NULL);
-        ret = drv->bdrv_file_open(bs, options, open_flags);
+        ret = drv->bdrv_file_open(bs, options, open_flags, NULL);
     } else {
         if (file == NULL) {
             qerror_report(ERROR_CLASS_GENERIC_ERROR, "Can't use '%s' as a "
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ static int bdrv_open_common(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverState *file,
             goto free_and_fail;
         }
         bs->file = file;
-        ret = drv->bdrv_open(bs, options, open_flags);
+        ret = drv->bdrv_open(bs, options, open_flags, NULL);
     }
 
     if (ret < 0) {
diff --git a/block/blkdebug.c b/block/blkdebug.c
index 5d33e03608..52d65ffcd4 100644
--- a/block/blkdebug.c
+++ b/block/blkdebug.c
@@ -350,7 +350,8 @@ static QemuOptsList runtime_opts = {
     },
 };
 
-static int blkdebug_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int blkdebug_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                         Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVBlkdebugState *s = bs->opaque;
     QemuOpts *opts;
diff --git a/block/blkverify.c b/block/blkverify.c
index c4e961eeb1..2093391c8b 100644
--- a/block/blkverify.c
+++ b/block/blkverify.c
@@ -116,7 +116,8 @@ static QemuOptsList runtime_opts = {
     },
 };
 
-static int blkverify_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int blkverify_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                          Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVBlkverifyState *s = bs->opaque;
     QemuOpts *opts;
diff --git a/block/bochs.c b/block/bochs.c
index d7078c0775..51d9a90577 100644
--- a/block/bochs.c
+++ b/block/bochs.c
@@ -108,7 +108,8 @@ static int bochs_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int bochs_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int bochs_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                      Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVBochsState *s = bs->opaque;
     int i;
diff --git a/block/cloop.c b/block/cloop.c
index 6ea7cf4046..b907023e10 100644
--- a/block/cloop.c
+++ b/block/cloop.c
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ static int cloop_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int cloop_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int cloop_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                      Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVCloopState *s = bs->opaque;
     uint32_t offsets_size, max_compressed_block_size = 1, i;
diff --git a/block/cow.c b/block/cow.c
index 764b93fae0..3ae1b5cdc9 100644
--- a/block/cow.c
+++ b/block/cow.c
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ static int cow_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int cow_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int cow_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                    Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVCowState *s = bs->opaque;
     struct cow_header_v2 cow_header;
diff --git a/block/curl.c b/block/curl.c
index ca2cedcec1..5a46f9707c 100644
--- a/block/curl.c
+++ b/block/curl.c
@@ -395,7 +395,8 @@ static QemuOptsList runtime_opts = {
     },
 };
 
-static int curl_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int curl_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                     Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVCURLState *s = bs->opaque;
     CURLState *state = NULL;
diff --git a/block/dmg.c b/block/dmg.c
index 3141cb5b88..d5e9b1ff01 100644
--- a/block/dmg.c
+++ b/block/dmg.c
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ static int read_uint32(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, uint32_t *result)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int dmg_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int dmg_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                    Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVDMGState *s = bs->opaque;
     uint64_t info_begin,info_end,last_in_offset,last_out_offset;
diff --git a/block/gluster.c b/block/gluster.c
index dbb03f4de5..6c7b000db6 100644
--- a/block/gluster.c
+++ b/block/gluster.c
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ static QemuOptsList runtime_opts = {
 };
 
 static int qemu_gluster_open(BlockDriverState *bs,  QDict *options,
-                             int bdrv_flags)
+                             int bdrv_flags, Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVGlusterState *s = bs->opaque;
     int open_flags = O_BINARY;
diff --git a/block/iscsi.c b/block/iscsi.c
index 813abd8fef..5f26e7379c 100644
--- a/block/iscsi.c
+++ b/block/iscsi.c
@@ -1046,7 +1046,8 @@ static QemuOptsList runtime_opts = {
  * We support iscsi url's on the form
  * iscsi://[<username>%<password>@]<host>[:<port>]/<targetname>/<lun>
  */
-static int iscsi_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int iscsi_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                      Error **errp)
 {
     IscsiLun *iscsilun = bs->opaque;
     struct iscsi_context *iscsi = NULL;
@@ -1260,7 +1261,7 @@ static int iscsi_create(const char *filename, QEMUOptionParameter *options)
 
     bs_options = qdict_new();
     qdict_put(bs_options, "filename", qstring_from_str(filename));
-    ret = iscsi_open(bs, bs_options, 0);
+    ret = iscsi_open(bs, bs_options, 0, NULL);
     QDECREF(bs_options);
 
     if (ret != 0) {
diff --git a/block/nbd.c b/block/nbd.c
index 691066f726..c8deeee67f 100644
--- a/block/nbd.c
+++ b/block/nbd.c
@@ -453,7 +453,8 @@ static void nbd_teardown_connection(BlockDriverState *bs)
     closesocket(s->sock);
 }
 
-static int nbd_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int nbd_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                    Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVNBDState *s = bs->opaque;
     int result;
diff --git a/block/parallels.c b/block/parallels.c
index 18b3ac0b28..2121e43204 100644
--- a/block/parallels.c
+++ b/block/parallels.c
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ static int parallels_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filenam
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int parallels_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int parallels_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                          Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVParallelsState *s = bs->opaque;
     int i;
diff --git a/block/qcow.c b/block/qcow.c
index 93a993bb44..2a1c9c9e87 100644
--- a/block/qcow.c
+++ b/block/qcow.c
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ static int qcow_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int qcow_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int qcow_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                     Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
     int len, i, shift, ret;
diff --git a/block/qcow2.c b/block/qcow2.c
index 7c9354cadf..eda085cfd8 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.c
+++ b/block/qcow2.c
@@ -350,7 +350,8 @@ static QemuOptsList qcow2_runtime_opts = {
     },
 };
 
-static int qcow2_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int qcow2_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                      Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
     int len, i, ret = 0;
@@ -1060,7 +1061,7 @@ static void qcow2_invalidate_cache(BlockDriverState *bs)
               qbool_from_int(s->use_lazy_refcounts));
 
     memset(s, 0, sizeof(BDRVQcowState));
-    qcow2_open(bs, options, flags);
+    qcow2_open(bs, options, flags, NULL);
 
     QDECREF(options);
 
diff --git a/block/qed.c b/block/qed.c
index 49b3a37ed5..69e1834ff6 100644
--- a/block/qed.c
+++ b/block/qed.c
@@ -373,7 +373,8 @@ static void bdrv_qed_rebind(BlockDriverState *bs)
     s->bs = bs;
 }
 
-static int bdrv_qed_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int bdrv_qed_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                         Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVQEDState *s = bs->opaque;
     QEDHeader le_header;
@@ -1547,7 +1548,7 @@ static void bdrv_qed_invalidate_cache(BlockDriverState *bs)
 
     bdrv_qed_close(bs);
     memset(s, 0, sizeof(BDRVQEDState));
-    bdrv_qed_open(bs, NULL, bs->open_flags);
+    bdrv_qed_open(bs, NULL, bs->open_flags, NULL);
 }
 
 static int bdrv_qed_check(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *result,
diff --git a/block/raw-posix.c b/block/raw-posix.c
index 1b41ea3356..dcdf45c4ac 100644
--- a/block/raw-posix.c
+++ b/block/raw-posix.c
@@ -335,7 +335,8 @@ fail:
     return ret;
 }
 
-static int raw_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int raw_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                    Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
 
@@ -1331,7 +1332,8 @@ static int check_hdev_writable(BDRVRawState *s)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int hdev_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int hdev_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                     Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
     int ret;
@@ -1565,7 +1567,8 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_host_device = {
 };
 
 #ifdef __linux__
-static int floppy_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int floppy_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                       Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
     int ret;
@@ -1686,7 +1689,8 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_host_floppy = {
     .bdrv_eject         = floppy_eject,
 };
 
-static int cdrom_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int cdrom_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                      Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
 
diff --git a/block/raw-win32.c b/block/raw-win32.c
index ff3c5ea0d7..80551b957c 100644
--- a/block/raw-win32.c
+++ b/block/raw-win32.c
@@ -235,7 +235,8 @@ static QemuOptsList raw_runtime_opts = {
     },
 };
 
-static int raw_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int raw_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                    Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
     int access_flags;
@@ -532,7 +533,8 @@ static int hdev_probe_device(const char *filename)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int hdev_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int hdev_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                     Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVRawState *s = bs->opaque;
     int access_flags, create_flags;
diff --git a/block/raw_bsd.c b/block/raw_bsd.c
index a9060caec4..2418f580cc 100644
--- a/block/raw_bsd.c
+++ b/block/raw_bsd.c
@@ -135,7 +135,8 @@ static int raw_create(const char *filename, QEMUOptionParameter *options)
     return bdrv_create_file(filename, options);
 }
 
-static int raw_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int raw_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                    Error **errp)
 {
     bs->sg = bs->file->sg;
     return 0;
diff --git a/block/rbd.c b/block/rbd.c
index b1ab80ce19..b77f73ca89 100644
--- a/block/rbd.c
+++ b/block/rbd.c
@@ -446,7 +446,8 @@ static QemuOptsList runtime_opts = {
     },
 };
 
-static int qemu_rbd_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int qemu_rbd_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                         Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVRBDState *s = bs->opaque;
     char pool[RBD_MAX_POOL_NAME_SIZE];
diff --git a/block/sheepdog.c b/block/sheepdog.c
index fe438e0fa2..1cfc6aedd5 100644
--- a/block/sheepdog.c
+++ b/block/sheepdog.c
@@ -1242,7 +1242,8 @@ static QemuOptsList runtime_opts = {
     },
 };
 
-static int sd_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int sd_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                   Error **errp)
 {
     int ret, fd;
     uint32_t vid = 0;
diff --git a/block/snapshot.c b/block/snapshot.c
index 82e602fccf..a05c0c0be0 100644
--- a/block/snapshot.c
+++ b/block/snapshot.c
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ int bdrv_snapshot_goto(BlockDriverState *bs,
     if (bs->file) {
         drv->bdrv_close(bs);
         ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs->file, snapshot_id);
-        open_ret = drv->bdrv_open(bs, NULL, bs->open_flags);
+        open_ret = drv->bdrv_open(bs, NULL, bs->open_flags, NULL);
         if (open_ret < 0) {
             bdrv_unref(bs->file);
             bs->drv = NULL;
diff --git a/block/ssh.c b/block/ssh.c
index 27691b4ad5..23cd1f07e5 100644
--- a/block/ssh.c
+++ b/block/ssh.c
@@ -608,7 +608,8 @@ static int connect_to_ssh(BDRVSSHState *s, QDict *options,
     return ret;
 }
 
-static int ssh_file_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int bdrv_flags)
+static int ssh_file_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int bdrv_flags,
+                         Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVSSHState *s = bs->opaque;
     int ret;
diff --git a/block/vdi.c b/block/vdi.c
index 1bf7dc575a..dedbafb539 100644
--- a/block/vdi.c
+++ b/block/vdi.c
@@ -364,7 +364,8 @@ static int vdi_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
     return result;
 }
 
-static int vdi_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int vdi_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                    Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVVdiState *s = bs->opaque;
     VdiHeader header;
diff --git a/block/vhdx.c b/block/vhdx.c
index e9704b1fdc..b8aa49ce4e 100644
--- a/block/vhdx.c
+++ b/block/vhdx.c
@@ -715,7 +715,8 @@ exit:
 }
 
 
-static int vhdx_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int vhdx_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                     Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque;
     int ret = 0;
diff --git a/block/vmdk.c b/block/vmdk.c
index fb5b5297ce..d60bf0cdf8 100644
--- a/block/vmdk.c
+++ b/block/vmdk.c
@@ -806,7 +806,8 @@ exit:
     return ret;
 }
 
-static int vmdk_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int vmdk_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                     Error **errp)
 {
     int ret;
     BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque;
diff --git a/block/vpc.c b/block/vpc.c
index fe4f311d50..ed00370bad 100644
--- a/block/vpc.c
+++ b/block/vpc.c
@@ -155,7 +155,8 @@ static int vpc_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int vpc_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int vpc_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                    Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVVPCState *s = bs->opaque;
     int i;
diff --git a/block/vvfat.c b/block/vvfat.c
index 0129195e29..2f8be7cf1a 100644
--- a/block/vvfat.c
+++ b/block/vvfat.c
@@ -1065,7 +1065,8 @@ static void vvfat_parse_filename(const char *filename, QDict *options,
     qdict_put(options, "rw", qbool_from_int(rw));
 }
 
-static int vvfat_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags)
+static int vvfat_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                      Error **errp)
 {
     BDRVVVFATState *s = bs->opaque;
     int cyls, heads, secs;
diff --git a/include/block/block_int.h b/include/block/block_int.h
index e7d1766ae0..076b40aa43 100644
--- a/include/block/block_int.h
+++ b/include/block/block_int.h
@@ -80,8 +80,10 @@ struct BlockDriver {
     void (*bdrv_reopen_commit)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state);
     void (*bdrv_reopen_abort)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state);
 
-    int (*bdrv_open)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags);
-    int (*bdrv_file_open)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags);
+    int (*bdrv_open)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                     Error **errp);
+    int (*bdrv_file_open)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                          Error **errp);
     int (*bdrv_read)(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
                      uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors);
     int (*bdrv_write)(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,