diff --git a/block/blkdebug.c b/block/blkdebug.c
index 58f5105cc8..be0d273799 100644
--- a/block/blkdebug.c
+++ b/block/blkdebug.c
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ struct add_rule_data {
     Error **errp;
 };
 
-static int add_rule(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int add_rule(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     struct add_rule_data *d = opaque;
     BDRVBlkdebugState *s = d->s;
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ static int read_config(BDRVBlkdebugState *s, const char *filename,
     d.s = s;
     d.action = ACTION_INJECT_ERROR;
     d.errp = &local_err;
-    qemu_opts_foreach(&inject_error_opts, add_rule, &d);
+    qemu_opts_foreach(&inject_error_opts, add_rule, &d, NULL);
     if (local_err) {
         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
         ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ static int read_config(BDRVBlkdebugState *s, const char *filename,
     }
 
     d.action = ACTION_SET_STATE;
-    qemu_opts_foreach(&set_state_opts, add_rule, &d);
+    qemu_opts_foreach(&set_state_opts, add_rule, &d, NULL);
     if (local_err) {
         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
         ret = -EINVAL;
diff --git a/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c b/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
index 93daeb07c2..0309fe5767 100644
--- a/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
+++ b/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ void qdev_set_nic_properties(DeviceState *dev, NICInfo *nd)
     nd->instantiated = 1;
 }
 
-static int qdev_add_one_global(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int qdev_add_one_global(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     GlobalProperty *g;
 
@@ -404,5 +404,6 @@ static int qdev_add_one_global(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 
 void qemu_add_globals(void)
 {
-    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"), qdev_add_one_global, NULL);
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
+                      qdev_add_one_global, NULL, NULL);
 }
diff --git a/include/qemu/option.h b/include/qemu/option.h
index 2edf58f61f..a3850b23a4 100644
--- a/include/qemu/option.h
+++ b/include/qemu/option.h
@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ QemuOpts *qemu_opts_from_qdict(QemuOptsList *list, const QDict *qdict,
 QDict *qemu_opts_to_qdict(QemuOpts *opts, QDict *qdict);
 void qemu_opts_absorb_qdict(QemuOpts *opts, QDict *qdict, Error **errp);
 
-typedef int (*qemu_opts_loopfunc)(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque);
+typedef int (*qemu_opts_loopfunc)(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp);
 int qemu_opts_foreach(QemuOptsList *list, qemu_opts_loopfunc func,
-                      void *opaque);
+                      void *opaque, Error **errp);
 void qemu_opts_print(QemuOpts *opts, const char *sep);
 void qemu_opts_print_help(QemuOptsList *list);
 void qemu_opts_free(QemuOptsList *list);
diff --git a/include/ui/console.h b/include/ui/console.h
index 06e47399f1..de92523bbb 100644
--- a/include/ui/console.h
+++ b/include/ui/console.h
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ char *vnc_display_local_addr(const char *id);
 int vnc_display_password(const char *id, const char *password);
 int vnc_display_pw_expire(const char *id, time_t expires);
 QemuOpts *vnc_parse_func(const char *str);
-int vnc_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque);
+int vnc_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp);
 #else
 static inline int vnc_display_password(const char *id, const char *password)
 {
diff --git a/net/net.c b/net/net.c
index 011de593e9..25c2ef338d 100644
--- a/net/net.c
+++ b/net/net.c
@@ -1329,7 +1329,7 @@ void net_check_clients(void)
     }
 }
 
-static int net_init_client(QemuOpts *opts, void *dummy)
+static int net_init_client(void *dummy, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     Error *local_err = NULL;
 
@@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@ static int net_init_client(QemuOpts *opts, void *dummy)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int net_init_netdev(QemuOpts *opts, void *dummy)
+static int net_init_netdev(void *dummy, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     Error *local_err = NULL;
     int ret;
@@ -1373,11 +1373,12 @@ int net_init_clients(void)
 
     QTAILQ_INIT(&net_clients);
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), net_init_netdev, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("netdev"),
+                          net_init_netdev, NULL, NULL)) {
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(net, net_init_client, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(net, net_init_client, NULL, NULL)) {
         return -1;
     }
 
diff --git a/net/vhost-user.c b/net/vhost-user.c
index f1a15ceb61..cce168af2f 100644
--- a/net/vhost-user.c
+++ b/net/vhost-user.c
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ static CharDriverState *net_vhost_parse_chardev(const NetdevVhostUserOptions *op
     return chr;
 }
 
-static int net_vhost_check_net(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int net_vhost_check_net(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     const char *name = opaque;
     const char *driver, *netdev;
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ int net_init_vhost_user(const NetClientOptions *opts, const char *name,
 
     /* verify net frontend */
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"), net_vhost_check_net,
-                          (char *)name)) {
+                          (char *)name, NULL)) {
         return -1;
     }
 
diff --git a/numa.c b/numa.c
index 360a595621..d227ccc23b 100644
--- a/numa.c
+++ b/numa.c
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ static void numa_node_parse(NumaNodeOptions *node, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
     max_numa_nodeid = MAX(max_numa_nodeid, nodenr + 1);
 }
 
-static int parse_numa(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int parse_numa(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     NumaOptions *object = NULL;
     Error *err = NULL;
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ void parse_numa_opts(MachineClass *mc)
 {
     int i;
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("numa"), parse_numa, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("numa"), parse_numa, NULL, NULL)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 
diff --git a/tpm.c b/tpm.c
index bca3b3a98f..a3f3b7f90f 100644
--- a/tpm.c
+++ b/tpm.c
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ static int configure_tpm(QemuOpts *opts)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int tpm_init_tpmdev(QemuOpts *opts, void *dummy)
+static int tpm_init_tpmdev(void *dummy, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     return configure_tpm(opts);
 }
@@ -207,12 +207,12 @@ void tpm_cleanup(void)
  */
 int tpm_init(void)
 {
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), tpm_init_tpmdev, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"),
+                          tpm_init_tpmdev, NULL, NULL)) {
         return -1;
     }
 
     atexit(tpm_cleanup);
-
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/ui/vnc.c b/ui/vnc.c
index 1013ea5c45..0c6b5e3553 100644
--- a/ui/vnc.c
+++ b/ui/vnc.c
@@ -3770,7 +3770,7 @@ QemuOpts *vnc_parse_func(const char *str)
     return opts;
 }
 
-int vnc_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+int vnc_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     Error *local_err = NULL;
     char *id = (char *)qemu_opts_id(opts);
diff --git a/util/qemu-config.c b/util/qemu-config.c
index b38927a88d..a88461f6b7 100644
--- a/util/qemu-config.c
+++ b/util/qemu-config.c
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ static int config_write_opt(const char *name, const char *value, void *opaque)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int config_write_opts(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int config_write_opts(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     struct ConfigWriteData *data = opaque;
     const char *id = qemu_opts_id(opts);
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ void qemu_config_write(FILE *fp)
     fprintf(fp, "# qemu config file\n\n");
     for (i = 0; lists[i] != NULL; i++) {
         data.list = lists[i];
-        qemu_opts_foreach(data.list, config_write_opts, &data);
+        qemu_opts_foreach(data.list, config_write_opts, &data, NULL);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/util/qemu-option.c b/util/qemu-option.c
index 7672aae897..07b03e313a 100644
--- a/util/qemu-option.c
+++ b/util/qemu-option.c
@@ -1047,13 +1047,14 @@ void qemu_opts_validate(QemuOpts *opts, const QemuOptDesc *desc, Error **errp)
 }
 
 /**
- * For each member of @list, call @func(member, @opaque).
+ * For each member of @list, call @func(@opaque, member, @errp).
  * Call it with the current location temporarily set to the member's.
+ * @func() may store an Error through @errp, but must return non-zero then.
  * When @func() returns non-zero, break the loop and return that value.
  * Return zero when the loop completes.
  */
 int qemu_opts_foreach(QemuOptsList *list, qemu_opts_loopfunc func,
-                      void *opaque)
+                      void *opaque, Error **errp)
 {
     Location loc;
     QemuOpts *opts;
@@ -1062,10 +1063,11 @@ int qemu_opts_foreach(QemuOptsList *list, qemu_opts_loopfunc func,
     loc_push_none(&loc);
     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opts, &list->head, next) {
         loc_restore(&opts->loc);
-        rc = func(opts, opaque);
+        rc = func(opaque, opts, errp);
         if (rc) {
             return rc;
         }
+        assert(!errp || !*errp);
     }
     loc_pop(&loc);
     return 0;
diff --git a/vl.c b/vl.c
index f360e11e93..b3c17228e6 100644
--- a/vl.c
+++ b/vl.c
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ static void res_free(void)
     }
 }
 
-static int default_driver_check(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int default_driver_check(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
     int i;
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ static int bt_parse(const char *opt)
     return 1;
 }
 
-static int parse_sandbox(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int parse_sandbox(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     /* FIXME: change this to true for 1.3 */
     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "enable", false)) {
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ static int parse_sandbox(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int parse_name(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int parse_name(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     const char *proc_name;
 
@@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@ bool usb_enabled(void)
 }
 
 #ifndef _WIN32
-static int parse_add_fd(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     int fd, dupfd, flags;
     int64_t fdset_id;
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ static int parse_add_fd(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int cleanup_add_fd(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int cleanup_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     int fd;
 
@@ -1092,14 +1092,14 @@ static int cleanup_add_fd(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 #define MTD_OPTS ""
 #define SD_OPTS ""
 
-static int drive_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
 
     return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type) == NULL;
 }
 
-static int drive_enable_snapshot(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot") == NULL) {
         qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on", &error_abort);
@@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
 
     opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
     if (snapshot) {
-        drive_enable_snapshot(opts, NULL);
+        drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
     }
 
     dinfo = drive_new(opts, type);
@@ -2127,12 +2127,12 @@ char *qemu_find_file(int type, const char *name)
     return NULL;
 }
 
-static int device_help_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     return qdev_device_help(opts);
 }
 
-static int device_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     DeviceState *dev;
 
@@ -2143,7 +2143,7 @@ static int device_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int chardev_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     Error *local_err = NULL;
 
@@ -2156,7 +2156,7 @@ static int chardev_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
-static int fsdev_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     int ret;
     ret = qemu_fsdev_add(opts);
@@ -2165,7 +2165,7 @@ static int fsdev_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
 }
 #endif
 
-static int mon_init_func(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     CharDriverState *chr;
     const char *chardev;
@@ -2606,7 +2606,7 @@ static int machine_set_property(const char *name, const char *value,
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int object_create(QemuOpts *opts, void *opaque)
+static int object_create(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     Error *err = NULL;
     char *type = NULL;
@@ -3797,20 +3797,24 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("sandbox"), parse_sandbox, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("sandbox"),
+                          parse_sandbox, NULL, NULL)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"), parse_name, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
+                          parse_name, NULL, NULL)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 
 #ifndef _WIN32
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"), parse_add_fd, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
+                          parse_add_fd, NULL, NULL)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"), cleanup_add_fd, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
+                          cleanup_add_fd, NULL, NULL)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 #endif
@@ -3897,8 +3901,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
                                machine_class->default_machine_opts, 0);
     }
 
-    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"), default_driver_check, NULL);
-    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"), default_driver_check, NULL);
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
+                      default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
+                      default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
 
     if (!vga_model && !default_vga) {
         vga_interface_type = VGA_DEVICE;
@@ -4036,12 +4042,14 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
 
     socket_init();
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"), chardev_init_func, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
+                          chardev_init_func, NULL, NULL)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"), fsdev_init_func, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
+                          fsdev_init_func, NULL, NULL)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 #endif
@@ -4051,11 +4059,13 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"), device_help_func, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
+                          device_help_func, NULL, NULL)) {
         exit(0);
     }
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("object"), object_create, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("object"),
+                          object_create, NULL, NULL)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 
@@ -4189,9 +4199,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
 
     /* open the virtual block devices */
     if (snapshot)
-        qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot, NULL);
+        qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"),
+                          drive_enable_snapshot, NULL, NULL);
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
-                          &machine_class->block_default_type)) {
+                          &machine_class->block_default_type, NULL)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 
@@ -4202,7 +4213,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
 
     parse_numa_opts(machine_class);
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"), mon_init_func, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
+                          mon_init_func, NULL, NULL)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 
@@ -4268,7 +4280,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
     }
 
     /* init generic devices */
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"), device_init_func, NULL)) {
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
+                          device_init_func, NULL, NULL)) {
         exit(1);
     }
 
@@ -4322,7 +4335,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
     /* init remote displays */
-    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"), vnc_init_func, NULL);
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
+                      vnc_init_func, NULL, NULL);
     if (show_vnc_port) {
         char *ret = vnc_display_local_addr("default");
         printf("VNC server running on `%s'\n", ret);