diff --git a/target/s390x/cpu.h b/target/s390x/cpu.h
index 79202c0980..163dae13d7 100644
--- a/target/s390x/cpu.h
+++ b/target/s390x/cpu.h
@@ -328,6 +328,9 @@ extern const VMStateDescription vmstate_s390_cpu;
 
 static inline int cpu_mmu_index(CPUS390XState *env, bool ifetch)
 {
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    return MMU_USER_IDX;
+#else
     if (!(env->psw.mask & PSW_MASK_DAT)) {
         return MMU_REAL_IDX;
     }
@@ -351,6 +354,7 @@ static inline int cpu_mmu_index(CPUS390XState *env, bool ifetch)
     default:
         abort();
     }
+#endif
 }
 
 static inline void cpu_get_tb_cpu_state(CPUS390XState* env, target_ulong *pc,
diff --git a/target/s390x/translate.c b/target/s390x/translate.c
index b0a2500e5f..a3e43ff9ec 100644
--- a/target/s390x/translate.c
+++ b/target/s390x/translate.c
@@ -318,6 +318,9 @@ static inline uint64_t ld_code4(CPUS390XState *env, uint64_t pc)
 
 static int get_mem_index(DisasContext *s)
 {
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    return MMU_USER_IDX;
+#else
     if (!(s->base.tb->flags & FLAG_MASK_DAT)) {
         return MMU_REAL_IDX;
     }
@@ -333,6 +336,7 @@ static int get_mem_index(DisasContext *s)
         tcg_abort();
         break;
     }
+#endif
 }
 
 static void gen_exception(int excp)