diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index ba07fb77dd..fab1e35718 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -2051,3 +2051,33 @@ const char *audio_get_id(QEMUSoundCard *card)
         return "";
     }
 }
+
+void audio_rate_start(RateCtl *rate)
+{
+    memset(rate, 0, sizeof(RateCtl));
+    rate->start_ticks = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
+}
+
+size_t audio_rate_get_bytes(struct audio_pcm_info *info, RateCtl *rate,
+                            size_t bytes_avail)
+{
+    int64_t now;
+    int64_t ticks;
+    int64_t bytes;
+    int64_t samples;
+    size_t ret;
+
+    now = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
+    ticks = now - rate->start_ticks;
+    bytes = muldiv64(ticks, info->bytes_per_second, NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND);
+    samples = (bytes - rate->bytes_sent) >> info->shift;
+    if (samples < 0 || samples > 65536) {
+        AUD_log(NULL, "Resetting rate control (%" PRId64 " samples)\n", samples);
+        audio_rate_start(rate);
+        samples = 0;
+    }
+
+    ret = MIN(samples << info->shift, bytes_avail);
+    rate->bytes_sent += ret;
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index 20021df9e8..778615ccaf 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -242,6 +242,15 @@ void *audio_calloc (const char *funcname, int nmemb, size_t size);
 
 void audio_run(AudioState *s, const char *msg);
 
+typedef struct RateCtl {
+    int64_t start_ticks;
+    int64_t bytes_sent;
+} RateCtl;
+
+void audio_rate_start(RateCtl *rate);
+size_t audio_rate_get_bytes(struct audio_pcm_info *info, RateCtl *rate,
+                            size_t bytes_avail);
+
 #define VOICE_ENABLE 1
 #define VOICE_DISABLE 2
 #define VOICE_VOLUME 3
diff --git a/audio/noaudio.c b/audio/noaudio.c
index b054fd225b..9f1cc67df9 100644
--- a/audio/noaudio.c
+++ b/audio/noaudio.c
@@ -33,33 +33,27 @@
 
 typedef struct NoVoiceOut {
     HWVoiceOut hw;
-    int64_t old_ticks;
+    RateCtl rate;
 } NoVoiceOut;
 
 typedef struct NoVoiceIn {
     HWVoiceIn hw;
-    int64_t old_ticks;
+    RateCtl rate;
 } NoVoiceIn;
 
 static size_t no_write(HWVoiceOut *hw, void *buf, size_t len)
 {
     NoVoiceOut *no = (NoVoiceOut *) hw;
-    int64_t now;
-    int64_t ticks;
-    int64_t bytes;
-
-    now = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
-    ticks = now - no->old_ticks;
-    bytes = muldiv64(ticks, hw->info.bytes_per_second, NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND);
-
-    no->old_ticks = now;
-    return MIN(len, bytes);
+    return audio_rate_get_bytes(&hw->info, &no->rate, len);
 }
 
 static int no_init_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, struct audsettings *as, void *drv_opaque)
 {
+    NoVoiceOut *no = (NoVoiceOut *) hw;
+
     audio_pcm_init_info (&hw->info, as);
     hw->samples = 1024;
+    audio_rate_start(&no->rate);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -70,15 +64,21 @@ static void no_fini_out (HWVoiceOut *hw)
 
 static int no_ctl_out (HWVoiceOut *hw, int cmd, ...)
 {
-    (void) hw;
-    (void) cmd;
+    NoVoiceOut *no = (NoVoiceOut *) hw;
+
+    if (cmd == VOICE_ENABLE) {
+        audio_rate_start(&no->rate);
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
 static int no_init_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, struct audsettings *as, void *drv_opaque)
 {
+    NoVoiceIn *no = (NoVoiceIn *) hw;
+
     audio_pcm_init_info (&hw->info, as);
     hw->samples = 1024;
+    audio_rate_start(&no->rate);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -89,25 +89,20 @@ static void no_fini_in (HWVoiceIn *hw)
 
 static size_t no_read(HWVoiceIn *hw, void *buf, size_t size)
 {
-    size_t to_clear;
     NoVoiceIn *no = (NoVoiceIn *) hw;
+    int64_t bytes = audio_rate_get_bytes(&hw->info, &no->rate, size);
 
-    int64_t now = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
-    int64_t ticks = now - no->old_ticks;
-    int64_t bytes =
-        muldiv64(ticks, hw->info.bytes_per_second, NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND);
-
-    no->old_ticks = now;
-    to_clear = MIN(bytes, size);
-
-    audio_pcm_info_clear_buf(&hw->info, buf, to_clear >> hw->info.shift);
-    return to_clear;
+    audio_pcm_info_clear_buf(&hw->info, buf, bytes >> hw->info.shift);
+    return bytes;
 }
 
 static int no_ctl_in (HWVoiceIn *hw, int cmd, ...)
 {
-    (void) hw;
-    (void) cmd;
+    NoVoiceIn *no = (NoVoiceIn *) hw;
+
+    if (cmd == VOICE_ENABLE) {
+        audio_rate_start(&no->rate);
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/spiceaudio.c b/audio/spiceaudio.c
index ff4e4dcbb0..4ce4f94c6d 100644
--- a/audio/spiceaudio.c
+++ b/audio/spiceaudio.c
@@ -40,15 +40,10 @@
 #define LINE_IN_SAMPLES (256 * 4)
 #endif
 
-typedef struct SpiceRateCtl {
-    int64_t               start_ticks;
-    int64_t               bytes_sent;
-} SpiceRateCtl;
-
 typedef struct SpiceVoiceOut {
     HWVoiceOut            hw;
     SpicePlaybackInstance sin;
-    SpiceRateCtl          rate;
+    RateCtl               rate;
     int                   active;
     uint32_t              *frame;
     uint32_t              fpos;
@@ -58,7 +53,7 @@ typedef struct SpiceVoiceOut {
 typedef struct SpiceVoiceIn {
     HWVoiceIn             hw;
     SpiceRecordInstance   sin;
-    SpiceRateCtl          rate;
+    RateCtl               rate;
     int                   active;
 } SpiceVoiceIn;
 
@@ -89,32 +84,6 @@ static void spice_audio_fini (void *opaque)
     /* nothing */
 }
 
-static void rate_start (SpiceRateCtl *rate)
-{
-    memset (rate, 0, sizeof (*rate));
-    rate->start_ticks = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
-}
-
-static int rate_get_samples (struct audio_pcm_info *info, SpiceRateCtl *rate)
-{
-    int64_t now;
-    int64_t ticks;
-    int64_t bytes;
-    int64_t samples;
-
-    now = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
-    ticks = now - rate->start_ticks;
-    bytes = muldiv64(ticks, info->bytes_per_second, NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND);
-    samples = (bytes - rate->bytes_sent) >> info->shift;
-    if (samples < 0 || samples > 65536) {
-        error_report("Resetting rate control (%" PRId64 " samples)", samples);
-        rate_start(rate);
-        samples = 0;
-    }
-    rate->bytes_sent += samples << info->shift;
-    return samples;
-}
-
 /* playback */
 
 static int line_out_init(HWVoiceOut *hw, struct audsettings *as,
@@ -154,7 +123,6 @@ static void line_out_fini (HWVoiceOut *hw)
 static void *line_out_get_buffer(HWVoiceOut *hw, size_t *size)
 {
     SpiceVoiceOut *out = container_of(hw, SpiceVoiceOut, hw);
-    size_t decr;
 
     if (!out->frame) {
         spice_server_playback_get_buffer(&out->sin, &out->frame, &out->fsize);
@@ -162,12 +130,10 @@ static void *line_out_get_buffer(HWVoiceOut *hw, size_t *size)
     }
 
     if (out->frame) {
-        decr = rate_get_samples(&hw->info, &out->rate);
-        decr = MIN(out->fsize - out->fpos, decr);
-
-        *size = decr << hw->info.shift;
+        *size = audio_rate_get_bytes(
+            &hw->info, &out->rate, (out->fsize - out->fpos) << hw->info.shift);
     } else {
-        rate_start(&out->rate);
+        audio_rate_start(&out->rate);
     }
     return out->frame + out->fpos;
 }
@@ -197,7 +163,7 @@ static int line_out_ctl (HWVoiceOut *hw, int cmd, ...)
             break;
         }
         out->active = 1;
-        rate_start (&out->rate);
+        audio_rate_start(&out->rate);
         spice_server_playback_start (&out->sin);
         break;
     case VOICE_DISABLE:
@@ -273,8 +239,7 @@ static void line_in_fini (HWVoiceIn *hw)
 static size_t line_in_read(HWVoiceIn *hw, void *buf, size_t len)
 {
     SpiceVoiceIn *in = container_of (hw, SpiceVoiceIn, hw);
-    uint64_t delta_samp = rate_get_samples(&hw->info, &in->rate);
-    uint64_t to_read = MIN(len >> 2, delta_samp);
+    uint64_t to_read = audio_rate_get_bytes(&hw->info, &in->rate, len) >> 2;
     size_t ready = spice_server_record_get_samples(&in->sin, buf, to_read);
 
     /* XXX: do we need this? */
@@ -296,7 +261,7 @@ static int line_in_ctl (HWVoiceIn *hw, int cmd, ...)
             break;
         }
         in->active = 1;
-        rate_start (&in->rate);
+        audio_rate_start(&in->rate);
         spice_server_record_start (&in->sin);
         break;
     case VOICE_DISABLE:
diff --git a/audio/wavaudio.c b/audio/wavaudio.c
index 78af2f1338..85f5ff9c28 100644
--- a/audio/wavaudio.c
+++ b/audio/wavaudio.c
@@ -35,21 +35,15 @@
 typedef struct WAVVoiceOut {
     HWVoiceOut hw;
     FILE *f;
-    int64_t old_ticks;
+    RateCtl rate;
     int total_samples;
 } WAVVoiceOut;
 
 static size_t wav_write_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, void *buf, size_t len)
 {
     WAVVoiceOut *wav = (WAVVoiceOut *) hw;
-    int64_t now = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
-    int64_t ticks = now - wav->old_ticks;
-    int64_t bytes =
-        muldiv64(ticks, hw->info.bytes_per_second, NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND);
-
-    bytes = MIN(bytes, len);
-    bytes = bytes >> hw->info.shift << hw->info.shift;
-    wav->old_ticks = now;
+    int64_t bytes = audio_rate_get_bytes(&hw->info, &wav->rate, len);
+    assert(bytes >> hw->info.shift << hw->info.shift == bytes);
 
     if (bytes && fwrite(buf, bytes, 1, wav->f) != 1) {
         dolog("wav_write_out: fwrite of %" PRId64 " bytes failed\nReason: %s\n",
@@ -130,6 +124,8 @@ static int wav_init_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, struct audsettings *as,
                strerror(errno));
         return -1;
     }
+
+    audio_rate_start(&wav->rate);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -179,8 +175,11 @@ static void wav_fini_out (HWVoiceOut *hw)
 
 static int wav_ctl_out (HWVoiceOut *hw, int cmd, ...)
 {
-    (void) hw;
-    (void) cmd;
+    WAVVoiceOut *wav = (WAVVoiceOut *) hw;
+
+    if (cmd == VOICE_ENABLE) {
+        audio_rate_start(&wav->rate);
+    }
     return 0;
 }