qapi.py: Restructure lexer and parser

The parser has a rather unorthodox structure:

    Until EOF:

        Read a section:

            Generator function get_expr() yields one section after the
            other, as a string.  An unindented, non-empty line that
            isn't a comment starts a new section.

        Lexing:

            Split section into a list of tokens (strings), with help
            of generator function tokenize().

        Parsing:

            Parse the first expression from the list of tokens, with
            parse(), throw away any remaining tokens.

            In parse_schema(): record value of an enum, union or
            struct key (if any) in the appropriate global table,
            append expression to the list of expressions.

    Return list of expressions.

Known issues:

(1) Indentation is significant, unlike in real JSON.

(2) Neither lexer nor parser have any idea of source positions.  Error
    reporting is hard, let's go shopping.

(3) The one error we bother to detect, we "report" via raise.

(4) The lexer silently ignores invalid characters.

(5) If everything in a section gets ignored, the parser crashes.

(6) The lexer treats a string containing a structural character exactly
    like the structural character.

(7) Tokens trailing the first expression in a section are silently
    ignored.

(8) The parser accepts any token in place of a colon.

(9) The parser treats comma as optional.

(10) parse() crashes on unexpected EOF.

(11) parse_schema() crashes when a section's expression isn't a JSON
    object.

Replace this piece of original art by a thoroughly unoriginal design.
Takes care of (1), (2), (5), (6) and (7), and lays the groundwork for
addressing the others.  Generated source files remain unchanged.

Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1374939721-7876-4-git-send-email-armbru@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>

scripts/qapi.py

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 # QAPI helper library
 #
 # Copyright IBM, Corp. 2011
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Red Hat Inc.
 #
 # Authors:
 #  Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
+#  Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
 #
 # This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPLv2.
 # See the COPYING.LIB file in the top-level directory.
@@ -32,91 +34,92 @@ builtin_type_qtypes = {
     'uint64':   'QTYPE_QINT',
 }
 
-def tokenize(data):
-    while len(data):
-        ch = data[0]
-        data = data[1:]
-        if ch in ['{', '}', ':', ',', '[', ']']:
-            yield ch
-        elif ch in ' \n':
-            None
-        elif ch == "'":
-            string = ''
-            esc = False
-            while True:
-                if (data == ''):
-                    raise Exception("Mismatched quotes")
-                ch = data[0]
-                data = data[1:]
-                if esc:
-                    string += ch
-                    esc = False
-                elif ch == "\\":
-                    esc = True
-                elif ch == "'":
-                    break
-                else:
-                    string += ch
-            yield string
+class QAPISchema:
 
-def parse(tokens):
-    if tokens[0] == '{':
-        ret = OrderedDict()
-        tokens = tokens[1:]
-        while tokens[0] != '}':
-            key = tokens[0]
-            tokens = tokens[1:]
+    def __init__(self, fp):
+        self.fp = fp
+        self.src = fp.read()
+        if self.src == '' or self.src[-1] != '\n':
+            self.src += '\n'
+        self.cursor = 0
+        self.exprs = []
+        self.accept()
 
-            tokens = tokens[1:] # :
+        while self.tok != None:
+            self.exprs.append(self.get_expr())
 
-            value, tokens = parse(tokens)
+    def accept(self):
+        while True:
+            bol = self.cursor == 0 or self.src[self.cursor-1] == '\n'
+            self.tok = self.src[self.cursor]
+            self.cursor += 1
+            self.val = None
 
-            if tokens[0] == ',':
-                tokens = tokens[1:]
+            if self.tok == '#' and bol:
+                self.cursor = self.src.find('\n', self.cursor)
+            elif self.tok in ['{', '}', ':', ',', '[', ']']:
+                return
+            elif self.tok == "'":
+                string = ''
+                esc = False
+                while True:
+                    ch = self.src[self.cursor]
+                    self.cursor += 1
+                    if ch == '\n':
+                        raise Exception("Mismatched quotes")
+                    if esc:
+                        string += ch
+                        esc = False
+                    elif ch == "\\":
+                        esc = True
+                    elif ch == "'":
+                        self.val = string
+                        return
+                    else:
+                        string += ch
+            elif self.tok == '\n':
+                if self.cursor == len(self.src):
+                    self.tok = None
+                    return
 
-            ret[key] = value
-        tokens = tokens[1:]
-        return ret, tokens
-    elif tokens[0] == '[':
-        ret = []
-        tokens = tokens[1:]
-        while tokens[0] != ']':
-            value, tokens = parse(tokens)
-            if tokens[0] == ',':
-                tokens = tokens[1:]
-            ret.append(value)
-        tokens = tokens[1:]
-        return ret, tokens
-    else:
-        return tokens[0], tokens[1:]
+    def get_members(self):
+        expr = OrderedDict()
+        while self.tok != '}':
+            key = self.val
+            self.accept()
+            self.accept()        # :
+            expr[key] = self.get_expr()
+            if self.tok == ',':
+                self.accept()
+        self.accept()
+        return expr
 
-def evaluate(string):
-    return parse(map(lambda x: x, tokenize(string)))[0]
+    def get_values(self):
+        expr = []
+        while self.tok != ']':
+            expr.append(self.get_expr())
+            if self.tok == ',':
+                self.accept()
+        self.accept()
+        return expr
 
-def get_expr(fp):
-    expr = ''
-
-    for line in fp:
-        if line.startswith('#') or line == '\n':
-            continue
-
-        if line.startswith(' '):
-            expr += line
-        elif expr:
-            yield expr
-            expr = line
+    def get_expr(self):
+        if self.tok == '{':
+            self.accept()
+            expr = self.get_members()
+        elif self.tok == '[':
+            self.accept()
+            expr = self.get_values()
         else:
-            expr += line
-
-    if expr:
-        yield expr
+            expr = self.val
+            self.accept()
+        return expr
 
 def parse_schema(fp):
+    schema = QAPISchema(fp)
     exprs = []
 
-    for expr in get_expr(fp):
-        expr_eval = evaluate(expr)
-
+    for expr_eval in schema.exprs:
         if expr_eval.has_key('enum'):
             add_enum(expr_eval['enum'])
         elif expr_eval.has_key('union'):

tests/qapi-schema/indented-expr.out

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-[OrderedDict([('id', 'eins')])]
+[OrderedDict([('id', 'eins')]), OrderedDict([('id', 'zwei')])]
 []
 []

tests/qapi-schema/missing-colon.out

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-[OrderedDict([('enum', ','), ('data', ['good', 'bad', 'ugly'])])]
-[',']
+[OrderedDict([('enum', None), ('data', ['good', 'bad', 'ugly'])])]
+[None]
 []

tests/qapi-schema/quoted-structural-chars.err

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Crashed: <type 'exceptions.AttributeError'>

tests/qapi-schema/quoted-structural-chars.exit

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0
+1

tests/qapi-schema/quoted-structural-chars.out

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-[OrderedDict([('key1', 'value1'), ('key2', [])])]
-[]
-[]