diff --git a/accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c b/accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c
index 7570c59f09..d75c35380a 100644
--- a/accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c
+++ b/accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c
@@ -273,6 +273,7 @@ void cpu_exec_step_atomic(CPUState *cpu)
         tcg_debug_assert(!have_mmap_lock());
 #endif
         tb_lock_reset();
+        assert_no_pages_locked();
     }
 
     if (in_exclusive_region) {
diff --git a/accel/tcg/translate-all.c b/accel/tcg/translate-all.c
index 8b378586f4..c75298d08a 100644
--- a/accel/tcg/translate-all.c
+++ b/accel/tcg/translate-all.c
@@ -658,6 +658,12 @@ do_assert_page_locked(const PageDesc *pd, const char *file, int line)
 
 #define assert_page_locked(pd) do_assert_page_locked(pd, __FILE__, __LINE__)
 
+void assert_no_pages_locked(void)
+{
+    ht_pages_locked_debug_init();
+    g_assert(g_hash_table_size(ht_pages_locked_debug) == 0);
+}
+
 #else /* !CONFIG_DEBUG_TCG */
 
 #define assert_page_locked(pd)
@@ -829,6 +835,7 @@ page_collection_lock(tb_page_addr_t start, tb_page_addr_t end)
     set->tree = g_tree_new_full(tb_page_addr_cmp, NULL, NULL,
                                 page_entry_destroy);
     set->max = NULL;
+    assert_no_pages_locked();
 
  retry:
     g_tree_foreach(set->tree, page_entry_lock, NULL);
diff --git a/include/exec/exec-all.h b/include/exec/exec-all.h
index 8d92e3cea9..4f07a17052 100644
--- a/include/exec/exec-all.h
+++ b/include/exec/exec-all.h
@@ -435,6 +435,14 @@ void tb_lock(void);
 void tb_unlock(void);
 void tb_lock_reset(void);
 
+#if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY) && defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_TCG)
+void assert_no_pages_locked(void);
+#else
+static inline void assert_no_pages_locked(void)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
 #if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
 
 /**