The built-in and nettle cipher backends for AES maintain
two separate AES contexts, one for encryption and one for
decryption. This is going to be inconvenient for the future
code dealing with XTS, so wrap them up in a single struct
so there is just one pointer to pass around for both
encryption and decryption.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
The XTS (XEX with tweaked-codebook and ciphertext stealing)
cipher mode is commonly used in full disk encryption. There
is unfortunately no implementation of it in either libgcrypt
or nettle, so we need to provide our own.
The libtomcrypt project provides a repository of crypto
algorithms under a choice of either "public domain" or
the "what the fuck public license".
So this impl is taken from the libtomcrypt GIT repo and
adapted to be compatible with the way we need to call
ciphers provided by nettle/gcrypt.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
New cipher algorithms 'twofish-128', 'twofish-192' and
'twofish-256' are defined for the Twofish algorithm.
The gcrypt backend does not support 'twofish-192'.
The nettle and gcrypt cipher backends are updated to
support the new cipher and a test vector added to the
cipher test suite. The new algorithm is enabled in the
LUKS block encryption driver.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
New cipher algorithms 'serpent-128', 'serpent-192' and
'serpent-256' are defined for the Serpent algorithm.
The nettle and gcrypt cipher backends are updated to
support the new cipher and a test vector added to the
cipher test suite. The new algorithm is enabled in the
LUKS block encryption driver.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
A new cipher algorithm 'cast-5-128' is defined for the
Cast-5 algorithm with 128 bit key size. Smaller key sizes
are supported by Cast-5, but nothing in QEMU should use
them, so only 128 bit keys are permitted.
The nettle and gcrypt cipher backends are updated to
support the new cipher and a test vector added to the
cipher test suite. The new algorithm is enabled in the
LUKS block encryption driver.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
The LUKS format specifies an anti-forensic split algorithm which
is used to artificially expand the size of the key material on
disk. This is an implementation of that algorithm.
Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
There are a number of different algorithms that can be used
to generate initialization vectors for disk encryption. This
introduces a simple internal QCryptoBlockIV object to provide
a consistent internal API to the different algorithms. The
initially implemented algorithms are 'plain', 'plain64' and
'essiv', each matching the same named algorithm provided
by the Linux kernel dm-crypt driver.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
The LUKS data format includes use of PBKDF2 (Password-Based
Key Derivation Function). The Nettle library can provide
an implementation of this, but we don't want code directly
depending on a specific crypto library backend. Introduce
a new include/crypto/pbkdf.h header which defines a QEMU
API for invoking PBKDK2. The initial implementations are
backed by nettle & gcrypt, which are commonly available
with distros shipping GNUTLS.
The test suite data is taken from the cryptsetup codebase
under the LGPLv2.1+ license. This merely aims to verify
that whatever backend we provide for this function in QEMU
will comply with the spec.
Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
There are three backend impls provided. The preferred
is gnutls, which is backed by nettle in modern distros.
The gcrypt impl is provided for cases where QEMU build
against gnutls is disabled, but crypto is still desired.
No nettle impl is provided, since it is non-trivial to
use the nettle APIs for random numbers. Users of nettle
should ensure gnutls is enabled for QEMU.
Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
The qcrypto_hash_digest_len method was accidentally inside
a CONFIG_GNUTLS_HASH block, even though it doesn't depend
on gnutls. Re-arrange it to be unconditionally defined.
Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
This converts the tlscredsx509, tlscredsanon and secret objects
to register their properties against the class rather than object.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Clean up includes so that osdep.h is included first and headers
which it implies are not included manually.
This commit was created with scripts/clean-includes.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-id: 1453832250-766-3-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org
Replace the uint8 softfloat-specific typedef with uint8_t.
This change was made with
find include hw fpu target-* -name '*.[ch]' | xargs sed -i -e 's/\buint8\b/uint8_t/g'
together with manual removal of the typedef definition and
manual fixing of more erroneous uses found via test compilation.
It turns out that the only code using this type is an accidental
use where uint8_t was intended anyway...
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Reviewed-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
Acked-by: Leon Alrae <leon.alrae@imgtec.com>
Acked-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Message-id: 1452603315-27030-7-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org
When reporting an incorrect key length for a cipher, we
mixed up the actual vs expected arguments.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
The QCryptoCipherAlgorithm and QCryptoCipherMode enums are
defined in the crypto/cipher.h header. In the future some
QAPI types will want to reference the hash enums, so move
the enum definition into QAPI too.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
The QCryptoHashAlgorithm enum is defined in the crypto/hash.h
header. In the future some QAPI types will want to reference
the hash enums, so move the enum definition into QAPI too.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Add a qcrypto_hash_digest_len() method which allows querying of
the raw digest size for a given hash algorithm.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Adds new methods to allow querying the length of the cipher
key, block size and initialization vectors.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Make use of the QCryptoSecret object to support loading of
encrypted x509 keys. The optional 'passwordid' parameter
to the tls-creds-x509 object type, provides the ID of a
secret object instance that holds the decryption password
for the PEM file.
# printf "123456" > mypasswd.txt
# $QEMU \
-object secret,id=sec0,filename=mypasswd.txt \
-object tls-creds-x509,passwordid=sec0,id=creds0,\
dir=/home/berrange/.pki/qemu,endpoint=server \
-vnc :1,tls-creds=creds0
This requires QEMU to be linked to GNUTLS >= 3.1.11. If
GNUTLS is too old an error will be reported if an attempt
is made to pass a decryption password.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Introduce a new QCryptoSecret object class which will be used
for providing passwords and keys to other objects which need
sensitive credentials.
The new object can provide secret values directly as properties,
or indirectly via a file. The latter includes support for file
descriptor passing syntax on UNIX platforms. Ordinarily passing
secret values directly as properties is insecure, since they
are visible in process listings, or in log files showing the
CLI args / QMP commands. It is possible to use AES-256-CBC to
encrypt the secret values though, in which case all that is
visible is the ciphertext. For ad hoc developer testing though,
it is fine to provide the secrets directly without encryption
so this is not explicitly forbidden.
The anticipated scenario is that libvirtd will create a random
master key per QEMU instance (eg /var/run/libvirt/qemu/$VMNAME.key)
and will use that key to encrypt all passwords it provides to
QEMU via '-object secret,....'. This avoids the need for libvirt
(or other mgmt apps) to worry about file descriptor passing.
It also makes life easier for people who are scripting the
management of QEMU, for whom FD passing is significantly more
complex.
Providing data inline (insecure, only for ad hoc dev testing)
$QEMU -object secret,id=sec0,data=letmein
Providing data indirectly in raw format
printf "letmein" > mypasswd.txt
$QEMU -object secret,id=sec0,file=mypasswd.txt
Providing data indirectly in base64 format
$QEMU -object secret,id=sec0,file=mykey.b64,format=base64
Providing data with encryption
$QEMU -object secret,id=master0,file=mykey.b64,format=base64 \
-object secret,id=sec0,data=[base64 ciphertext],\
keyid=master0,iv=[base64 IV],format=base64
Note that 'format' here refers to the format of the ciphertext
data. The decrypted data must always be in raw byte format.
More examples are shown in the updated docs.
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
In qcrypto_tls_creds_get_path() coverity complains that
we are checking '*creds' for NULL, despite having
dereferenced it previously. This is harmless bug due
to fact that the trace call was too early. Moving it
after the cleanup gets the desired semantics.
In qcrypto_tls_creds_check_cert_key_purpose() coverity
complains that we're passing a pointer to a previously
free'd buffer into gnutls_x509_crt_get_key_purpose_oid()
This is harmless because we're passing a size == 0, so
gnutls won't access the buffer, but rather just report
what size it needs to be. We can avoid it though by
explicitly setting the buffer to NULL after free'ing
it.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
The qcrypto_tls_creds_x509_sanity_check() checks whether
certs exist by calling access(). It is valid for this
method to be invoked with certfile==NULL though, since
for client credentials the cert is optional. This caused
it to call access(NULL), which happens to be harmless on
current Linux, but should none the less be avoided.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
The qcrypto_tls_session_check_certificate() method was setting
an Error even when the ACL check suceeded. This didn't affect
the callers detection of errors because they relied on the
function return status, but this did cause a memory leak since
the caller would not free an Error they did not expect to be
set.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
The QCryptoTLSCredsX509 object was not free'ing the allocated
gnutls_dh_params_t data when unloading the credentials
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
When encrypting/decrypting data, the plaintext/ciphertext
buffers are required to be a multiple of the cipher block
size. If this is not done, nettle will abort and gcrypt
will report an error. To get consistent behaviour add
explicit checks upfront for the buffer sizes.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
If no IV is provided, then use a default IV of all-zeros
instead of crashing. This gives parity with gcrypt and
nettle backends.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Currently the choice of whether to use nettle or gcrypt is
made based on what gnutls is linked to. There are times
when it is desirable to be able to force build against a
specific library. For example, if testing changes to QEMU's
crypto code all 3 possible backends need to be checked
regardless of what the local gnutls uses.
It is also desirable to be able to enable nettle/gcrypt
for cipher/hash algorithms, without enabling gnutls
for TLS support.
This gives two new configure flags, which allow the
following possibilities
Automatically determine nettle vs gcrypt from what
gnutls links to (recommended to minimize number of
crypto libraries linked to)
./configure
Automatically determine nettle vs gcrypt based on
which is installed
./configure --disable-gnutls
Force use of nettle
./configure --enable-nettle
Force use of gcrypt
./configure --enable-gcrypt
Force use of built-in AES & crippled-DES
./configure --disable-nettle --disable-gcrypt
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Introduce a QCryptoTLSSession object that will encapsulate
all the code for setting up and using a client/sever TLS
session. This isolates the code which depends on the gnutls
library, avoiding #ifdefs in the rest of the codebase, as
well as facilitating any possible future port to other TLS
libraries, if desired. It makes use of the previously
defined QCryptoTLSCreds object to access credentials to
use with the session. It also includes further unit tests
to validate the correctness of the TLS session handshake
and certificate validation. This is functionally equivalent
to the current TLS session handling code embedded in the
VNC server, and will obsolete it.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
If the administrator incorrectly sets up their x509 certificates,
the errors seen at runtime during connection attempts are very
obscure and difficult to diagnose. This has been a particular
problem for people using openssl to generate their certificates
instead of the gnutls certtool, because the openssl tools don't
turn on the various x509 extensions that gnutls expects to be
present by default.
This change thus adds support in the TLS credentials object to
sanity check the certificates when QEMU first loads them. This
gives the administrator immediate feedback for the majority of
common configuration mistakes, reducing the pain involved in
setting up TLS. The code is derived from equivalent code that
has been part of libvirt's TLS support and has been seen to be
valuable in assisting admins.
It is possible to disable the sanity checking, however, via
the new 'sanity-check' property on the tls-creds object type,
with a value of 'no'.
Unit tests are included in this change to verify the correctness
of the sanity checking code in all the key scenarios it is
intended to cope with. As part of the test suite, the pkix_asn1_tab.c
from gnutls is imported. This file is intentionally copied from the
(long since obsolete) gnutls 1.6.3 source tree, since that version
was still under GPLv2+, rather than the GPLv3+ of gnutls >= 2.0.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Introduce a QCryptoTLSCredsX509 class which is used to
manage x509 certificate TLS credentials. This will be
the preferred credential type offering strong security
characteristics
Example CLI configuration:
$QEMU -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,endpoint=server,\
dir=/path/to/creds/dir,verify-peer=yes
The 'id' value in the -object args will be used to associate the
credentials with the network services. For example, when the VNC
server is later converted it would use
$QEMU -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,.... \
-vnc 127.0.0.1:1,tls-creds=tls0
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Introduce a QCryptoTLSCredsAnon class which is used to
manage anonymous TLS credentials. Use of this class is
generally discouraged since it does not offer strong
security, but it is required for backwards compatibility
with the current VNC server implementation.
Simple example CLI configuration:
$QEMU -object tls-creds-anon,id=tls0,endpoint=server
Example using pre-created diffie-hellman parameters
$QEMU -object tls-creds-anon,id=tls0,endpoint=server,\
dir=/path/to/creds/dir
The 'id' value in the -object args will be used to associate the
credentials with the network services. For example, when the VNC
server is later converted it would use
$QEMU -object tls-creds-anon,id=tls0,.... \
-vnc 127.0.0.1:1,tls-creds=tls0
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Introduce a QCryptoTLSCreds class to act as the base class for
storing TLS credentials. This will be later subclassed to provide
handling of anonymous and x509 credential types. The subclasses
will be user creatable objects, so instances can be created &
deleted via 'object-add' and 'object-del' QMP commands respectively,
or via the -object command line arg.
If the credentials cannot be initialized an error will be reported
as a QMP reply, or on stderr respectively.
The idea is to make it possible to represent and manage TLS
credentials independently of the network service that is using
them. This will enable multiple services to use the same set of
credentials and minimize code duplication. A later patch will
convert the current VNC server TLS code over to use this object.
The representation of credentials will be functionally equivalent
to that currently implemented in the VNC server with one exception.
The new code has the ability to (optionally) load a pre-generated
set of diffie-hellman parameters, if the file dh-params.pem exists,
whereas the current VNC server will always generate them on startup.
This is beneficial for admins who wish to avoid the (small) time
sink of generating DH parameters at startup and/or avoid depleting
entropy.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Future patches will be adding more crypto related APIs which
rely on QOM infrastructure. This creates a problem, because
QOM relies on library constructors to register objects. When
you have a file in a static .a library though which is only
referenced by a constructor the linker is dumb and will drop
that file when linking to the final executable :-( The only
workaround for this is to link the .a library to the executable
using the -Wl,--whole-archive flag, but this creates its own
set of problems because QEMU is relying on lazy linking for
libqemuutil.a. Using --whole-archive majorly increases the
size of final executables as they now contain a bunch of
object code they don't actually use.
The least bad option is to thus not include the crypto objects
in libqemuutil.la, and instead define a crypto-obj-y variable
that is referenced directly by all the executables that need
this code (tools + softmmu, but not qemu-ga). We avoid pulling
entire of crypto-obj-y into the userspace emulators as that
would force them to link to gnutls too, which is not required.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
The qcrypto_cipher_decrypt_aes method was using the wrong
key material, and passing the wrong mode. This caused it
to incorrectly decrypt ciphertext.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1437740634-6261-1-git-send-email-berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Commit d3462e3 broke qcow2's encryption functionality by using encrypt
instead of decrypt in the wrapper function it introduces. This was found
by qemu-iotests case 134.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Calling a function pointer that was cast from an incompatible function
results in undefined behavior. 'void *' isn't compatible with 'struct
XXX *', so we can't cast to nettle_cipher_func, but have to provide a
wrapper. (Conversion from 'void *' to 'struct XXX *' might require
computation, which won't be done if we drop argument's true type, and
pointers can have different sizes so passing arguments on stack would
bug.)
Having two different prototypes based on nettle version doesn't make
this solution any nicer.
Reported-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1437062641-12684-3-git-send-email-rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
In nettle 3, cbc_encrypt() accepts 'nettle_cipher_func' instead of
'nettle_crypt_func' and these two differ in 'const' qualifier of the
first argument. The build fails with:
In file included from crypto/cipher.c:71:0:
./crypto/cipher-nettle.c: In function ‘qcrypto_cipher_encrypt’:
./crypto/cipher-nettle.c:154:38: error: passing argument 2 of
‘nettle_cbc_encrypt’ from incompatible pointer type
cbc_encrypt(ctx->ctx_encrypt, ctx->alg_encrypt,
^
In file included from ./crypto/cipher-nettle.c:24:0,
from crypto/cipher.c:71:
/usr/include/nettle/cbc.h:48:1: note: expected
‘void (*)(const void *, size_t, uint8_t *, const uint8_t *)
but argument is of type
‘void (*)( void *, size_t, uint8_t *, const uint8_t *)
To allow both versions, we switch to the new definition and #if typedef
it for old versions.
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1436548682-9315-2-git-send-email-rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This was dereferencing a pointer before checking if it was NULL.
Reported-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
If we are linking to gnutls already and gnutls is built against
nettle, then we should use nettle as a cipher backend in
preference to our built-in backend.
This will be used when linking against some GNUTLS 2.x versions
and all GNUTLS 3.x versions.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1435770638-25715-7-git-send-email-berrange@redhat.com>
[Change "#elif" to "#elif defined". - Paolo]
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
If we are linking to gnutls already and gnutls is built against
gcrypt, then we should use gcrypt as a cipher backend in
preference to our built-in backend.
This will be used when linking against GNUTLS 1.x and many
GNUTLS 2.x versions.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1435770638-25715-6-git-send-email-berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Introduce a generic cipher API and an implementation of it that
supports only the built-in AES and DES-RFB algorithms.
The test suite checks the supported algorithms + modes to
validate that every backend implementation is actually correctly
complying with the specs.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1435770638-25715-5-git-send-email-berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
To prepare for a generic internal cipher API, move the
built-in D3DES implementation into the crypto/ directory.
This is not in fact a normal D3DES implementation, it is
D3DES with double & triple length modes removed, and the
key bytes in reversed bit order. IOW it is crippled
specifically for the "benefit" of RFB, so call the new
files desrfb.c instead of d3des.c to make it clear that
it isn't a generally useful impl.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1435770638-25715-4-git-send-email-berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
To prepare for a generic internal cipher API, move the
built-in AES implementation into the crypto/ directory
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1435770638-25715-3-git-send-email-berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Introduce a new crypto/ directory that will (eventually) contain
all the cryptographic related code. This initially defines a
wrapper for initializing gnutls and for computing hashes with
gnutls. The former ensures that gnutls is guaranteed to be
initialized exactly once in QEMU regardless of CLI args. The
block quorum code currently fails to initialize gnutls so it
only works by luck, if VNC server TLS is not requested. The
hash APIs avoids the need to litter the rest of the code with
preprocessor checks and simplifies callers by allocating the
correct amount of memory for the requested hash.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <1435770638-25715-2-git-send-email-berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
