The regular expressions in the "check" script currently expect that there
is always a space after the test number in the group file, so you can't
have a test in there without a group unless the line still ends with a
space - which is quite error prone since some editors might remove spaces
at the end of lines automatically.
Thus let's fix the regular expressions so that it is also possible to
have lines with one test number only in the group file.
Suggested-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20190717111947.30356-2-thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Currently, the "thistime" variable is not reinitialized on every loop
iteration. This leads to tests that do not yield a run time (because
they failed or were skipped) printing the run time of the previous test
that did. Fix that by reinitializing "thistime" for every test.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Commit 70ff5b07 wanted to move the diff between actual and reference
output to the end after printing the test result line. It really only
copied it, though, so the diff is now displayed twice. Remove the old
one.
Fixes: 70ff5b07fc
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This attempts to clean-up the output to better match the output of the
rest of the QEMU check system when called with -makecheck. This includes:
- formatting as " TEST iotest-FMT: nnn"
- only dumping config on failure (when -makecheck enabled)
The non-make check output has been cleaned up as well:
- line re-displayed (\r) at the end
- fancy colours for pass/fail/skip
- timestamps always printed (option removed)
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20190503143904.31211-1-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
qemu-system-arm, qemu-system-aarch64 and qemu-system-tricore do not have
a default machine, so when running the qemu-iotests with such a binary,
lots of tests are failing. Fix it by picking a default machine in the
"check" script instead.
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Message-Id: <20190502084506.8009-3-thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Bash is not always installed as /bin/bash. In particular on OpenBSD,
the package installs it in /usr/local/bin.
Use the 'env' shebang to search bash in the $PATH.
Patch created mechanically by running:
$ git grep -lE '#! ?/bin/bash' -- tests/qemu-iotests \
| while read f; do \
sed -i 's|^#!.\?/bin/bash$|#!/usr/bin/env bash|' $f; \
done
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Supported formats listed by 'qemu' may differ from those listed by
'qemu-img' due to whitelists. Some test cases require specific formats
that may be used with qemu. They can be inquired directly by running
'qemu -drive format=help'. The response takes whitelists into account.
The method supported_formats() serves for that. The method decorator
skip_if_unsupported() checks if all requested formats are whitelisted.
If not, the test case will be skipped. That has been implemented in
the 'check' file in the way similar to the 'test notrun' mechanism.
Suggested-by: Roman Kagan <rkagan@virtuozzo.com>
Suggested-by: Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy <vsementsov@virtuozzo.com>
Suggested-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrey Shinkevich <andrey.shinkevich@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Recently, some bugs in dmg file have been fixed. To prevent reading dmg
is broken someday in the future, add a simple test which ensures the
conversion from dmg to raw should not hang or face any I/O error.
Signed-off-by: yuchenlin <npes87184@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Various shell files contain a mix between obsolete ``
and modern $(); It would be nice to convert to using
$() everywhere. For now, just do the qemu-iotests directory.
Cc: kwolf@redhat.com
Cc: mreitz@redhat.com
Cc: eblake@redhat.com
Suggested-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mao Zhongyi <maozhongyi@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Message-Id: <20181024094051.4470-4-maozhongyi@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
[eblake: tweak commit message]
Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
POSIX requires $PWD to be reliable, and we expect all
shells used by qemu scripts to be relatively close to
POSIX. Thus, it is smarter to avoid forking the pwd
executable for something that is already available in
the environment.
So replace it with the following:
sed -i 's/\(`pwd`\|\$(pwd)\)/$PWD/g' $(git grep -l pwd)
Then delete a pointless line assigning PWD to itself.
Cc: kwolf@redhat.com
Cc: mreitz@redhat.com
Cc: eblake@redhat.com
Suggested-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mao Zhongyi <maozhongyi@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Message-Id: <20181024094051.4470-2-maozhongyi@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
[eblake: touch up commit message, reorder series, tweak a couple more files]
Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
The qemu target does not always correspond to the host machine type. For
example ppc64le machine target is ppc64. Let's introduce "qemu_arch"
variable to store the matching qemu architecture related to the current
architecture and use it when auto-detecting the default qemu binary.
Signed-off-by: Lukáš Doktor <ldoktor@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20180329112053.5399-2-ldoktor@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
CentOS 6 lacks a realpath binary on the base install, which makes
all iotests runs fail since the 2.11 release:
001 - output mismatch (see 001.out.bad)
./check: line 815: realpath: command not found
diff: missing operand after `/home/dummy/qemu/tests/qemu-iotests/001.out'
diff: Try `diff --help' for more information.
Many of the uses of 'realpath' in the check script were being
used on the output of 'type -p' - but that is already an
absolute file name. While a canonical name can often be
shorter (realpath gets rid of /../), it can also be longer (due
to symlink expansion); and we really don't care if the name is
canonical, merely that it was an executable file with an
absolute path. These were broken in commit cceaf1db.
The remaining use of realpath was to convert a possibly relative
filename into an absolute one before calling diff to make it
easier to copy-and-paste the filename for moving the .bad file
into place as the new reference file even when running iotests
out-of-tree (see commit 93e53fb6), but $PWD can achieve the same
purpose.
Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Originally we added parallels as a read-only format to qemu-iotests
where we did just some tests with a binary image. Since then, write and
image creation support has been added to the driver, so we can now
enable it in _supported_fmt generic.
The driver doesn't support migration yet, though, so we need to add it
to the list of exceptions in 181.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
Executing qemu with a terminal as stdin will temporarily alter stty
settings on that terminal (for example, disabling echo), because of
how we run both the monitor and any multiplexing with guest input.
Normally, qemu restores the original settings on exit; but if an
iotest triggers qemu to abort in the middle, we can be left with
the altered terminal setup. This can make life very annoying when
debugging an iotest failure (not everyone remembers the trick of
blind-typing 'stty sane' without echo, and some people prefer
terminal settings that are slightly different than the defaults
picked by 'stty sane').
It is possible to avoid qemu corrupting the terminal by not passing
a terminal to qemu's stdin in the first place (as in, use
'./check ... </dev/null'), but that's extra typing to have to
remember. But running 'exec </dev/null' in the harness seems like
it might be too heavy of a hammer. So I instead went the the
solution of saving and restoring the stty settings, only when the
harness detects that it is run interactively.
I tested this patch by forcing an allocation failure (I can't
guarantee that this particular limit will work on all setups, but
it shows the idea):
$ (ulimit -S -v 500000; ./check -qcow2 1)
Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
"check" is full of qemu-iotests--specific details. Separating it
from "common" does not make much sense anymore.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The variable is almost unused, and one of the two uses is actually
uninitialized.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The variable is used in "common" but defined only after the file
is sourced.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
It only provides functions used by the test programs.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Instead of ./check failing when a binary is missing, we try each test
case now and each one fails with tons of test case diffs. Also, all the
variables were initialized by "check" prior to "common" being sourced,
and then (uselessly) checked for emptiness again in "check".
Centralize the search for programs in "common" (which will soon be
one with "check"), including the "realpath" invocation which can be done
just once in "check" rather than in the tests.
For qnio_server, move the detection to "common", simplifying
set_prog_path to stop handling the unused second argument, and
embedding the "realpath" pass.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This includes shell function, shell variables and command line options
(randomize.awk does not exist).
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The check script contains a commented out root user requirement,
probably because of its xfstests heritage. This requirement doesn't
apply to qemu-iotests, so it better be gone.
Signed-off-by: Cleber Rosa <crosa@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
The variables FULL_MKFS_OPTIONS and FULL_MOUNT_OPTIONS are commented
out, never used, and even refer to functions that do exist. The last
time these were touched was around 8 years ago, so I guess it's safe
to assume outputting such information on test execution is still on the
radar.
Signed-off-by: Cleber Rosa <crosa@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Although this function is used, its implementation does nothing
besides echoing a variable name. There's no need to wrap this
functionality in a function, and based on the one usage it has, it's
not even required to adhere to a convention or code style.
Signed-off-by: Cleber Rosa <crosa@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Some tests produce format-dependent output. Either the difference is
filtered out and ignored, or the test case is format-specific so we
don't need to worry about per-format output differences.
There is a third case: the test script is the same for all image formats
and the format-dependent output is relevant. An ugly workaround is to
copy-paste the test into multiple per-format test cases. This
duplicates code and is not maintainable.
This patch allows test cases to add per-format golden output files so a
single test case can work correctly when format-dependent output must be
checked:
123.out.qcow2
123.out.raw
123.out.vmdk
...
This naming scheme is not composable with 123.out.nocache or 123.pc.out,
two other scenarios where output files are split. I don't think it
matters since few test cases need these features.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Alberto Garcia <berto@igalia.com>
Message-id: 20170705125738.8777-9-stefanha@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
POSIX says that backslashes in the arguments to 'echo', as well as
any use of 'echo -n' and 'echo -e', are non-portable; it recommends
people should favor 'printf' instead. This is definitely true where
we do not control which shell is running (such as in makefile snippets
or in documentation examples). But even for scripts where we
require bash (and therefore, where echo does what we want by default),
it is still possible to use 'shopt -s xpg_echo' to change bash's
behavior of echo. And setting a good example never hurts when we are
not sure if a snippet will be copied from a bash-only script to a
general shell script (although I don't change the use of non-portable
\e for ESC when we know the running shell is bash).
Replace 'echo -n "..."' with 'printf %s "..."', and 'echo -e "..."'
with 'printf %b "...\n"', with the optimization that the %s/%b
argument can be omitted if the string being printed is a strict
literal with no '%', '$', or '`' (we could technically also make
this optimization when there are $ or `` substitutions but where
we can prove their results will not be problematic, but proving
that such substitutions are safe makes the patch less trivial
compared to just being consistent).
In the qemu-iotests check script, fix unusual shell quoting
that would result in word-splitting if 'date' outputs a space.
In test 051, take an opportunity to shorten the line.
In test 068, get rid of a pointless second invocation of bash.
CC: qemu-trivial@nongnu.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20170703180950.9895-1-eblake@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
The 'check' program records timings for each test that
is run. These timings are only valid, however, for a
particular format/protocol combination. So if frequently
running 'check' with a variety of different formats or
protocols, the times printed can be very misleading.
Instead of having a single 'check.time' file, maintain
multiple 'check.time-$IMGPROTO-$IMGFMT' files.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20170103160556.9895-1-berrange@redhat.com
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Placing files with predictable or even hard-coded names in /tmp is a
security risk and can prevent or disturb operation on a multi-user
machine. Place them inside the "scratch" directory instead, as we
already do for most other test-related files.
Signed-off-by: Sascha Silbe <silbe@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Bo Tu <tubo@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Message-id: 1459848109-29756-2-git-send-email-silbe@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Currently, if a qemu/qemu-io/qemu-img/qemu-nbd invocation receives a
segmentation fault, that message is invisible in most cases since the
output is generally filtered and bash suppresses the segmentation fault
notice for any but the last element of a pipe.
Most of the time, the test will then fail anyway because of missing
output, but not necessarily (as happened with test 82 recently).
Fix this by making the corresponding environment variables point to
wrapper functions which execute the respective command in a subshell.
Giving options to qemu/qemu-io/qemu-img and path names with spaces were
broken for the Python tests; this patch "accidentally" fixes that.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This patch adds qemu machine type support to the io test suite.
Based on the qemu default machine type and alias of the default machine
type the reference output file can now vary from the default to a
machine specific output file if necessary. When using a machine specific
reference file if the default machine has an alias then use the alias as the output
file name otherwise use the default machine name as the output file name.
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Mueller <mimu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Sascha Silbe <silbe@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guang Chen <chenxg@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Adding "-d" option. The output goes to "tee" so it appears in your
console. Also, raise the verbosity of unnitest runner.
When testing a topic branch, it's possible that a bug introduced by a
code change makes the python test case hang, with debug output, it is
much easier to locate the problem.
This can also be helpful if you want to watch the progress of a python
test, it offers you a way to sense the speed of each test case method
you're writing.
Note: because there is no easy way to get *both* the verbose output and
the output expected by ./check comparison, the case would always fail
with an "output mismatch". The sole purpose of using this option is
giving developers a quick way to debug when things go wrong.
Signed-off-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Using /tmp, which is usually mounted as tmpfs, the quick group can be
quicker.
On my laptop (Lenovo T430s with Fedora 20), this reduces the time from
50s to 30s.
Signed-off-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Instead of invoking Python scripts directly via ./, use $PYTHON to
obtain the correct Python interpreter command.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
As out-of-tree builds are preferred for qemu, running the qemu-iotests
in that out-of-tree build should be supported as well. To do so, a
symbolic link has to be created pointing to the check script in the
source directory. That script will check whether it has been run through
a symlink, and if so, will assume it is run in the build tree. All
output and temporary operations performed by iotests are then redirected
here and, unless specified otherwise by the user, QEMU_PROG etc. will be
set to paths appropriate for the build tree.
Also, drop making every test case executable if it is not yet, as this
would modify the source tree which is not desired for out-of-tree runs
and should be fixed in the repository anyway.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This reverts commit f915db07ef.
This commit is broken because it does not account for the
build tree and the source tree being different, and can cause
build failures for out-of-tree builds. Revert it until we can
identify a better solution to the problem.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-id: 1400153676-30180-1-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org
Acked-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Currently, QEMU's iotests rely on /usr/bin/env to start the correct
Python (that is, at least Python 2.4, but not 3). On systems where
Python 3 is the default, the user has no clean way of making the iotests
use the correct binary.
This commit makes the iotests use the Python selected by configure.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This case can't run when IMGPROTO=nbd, since it needs to create some
internal snapshot which would fail for EOF write request, even when
TEST_IMG is exported with "-f raw" in common.rc, so set _supported_proto
to file.
_require_command() is changed to tip what util is missing, instead
of printing a blank.
Signed-off-by: Wenchao Xia <xiawenc@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
The option sets cache mode used in the tests. "-nocache" is changed to
an alias to "-c none", and internally passes "-t none" to qemu-io.
Python scripts will make use of option this in the next commit.
Signed-off-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Wenchao Xia <xiawenc@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This patch make use of the compiled scm helper program to transfer
fd via unix socket at runtime.
Signed-off-by: Wenchao Xia <xiawenc@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The reference output for test case 026 hasn't been updated in a long
time and it's one of the "known failing" cases. This patch updates the
reference output so that unintentional changes can be reliably detected
again.
The problem with this test case is that it produces different output
depending on whether -nocache is used or not. The solution of this patch
is to actually have two different reference outputs. If nnn.out.nocache
exists, it is used as the reference output for -nocache; otherwise,
nnn.out stays valid for both cases.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
These scripts used to have a four characters indentation, with eight
consecutive spaces converted into a tab. Convert everything into spaces.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
glibc wipes malloc(3) memory when the MALLOC_PERTURB_ environment
variable is set. The value of the environment variable determines the
bit pattern used to wipe memory. For more information, see
http://udrepper.livejournal.com/11429.html.
Set MALLOC_PERTURB_ for gtester and qemu-iotests. Note we pick a random
value from 1 to 255 to expose more bugs. If you need to reproduce a
crash use 'show environment' in gdb to extract the MALLOC_PERTURB_
value from a core dump.
Both make check and qemu-iotests pass with MALLOC_PERTURB_ enabled.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1369661331-28041-1-git-send-email-stefanha@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
This adds an -o option to qemu-iotests, which is an option string that
is passed through to qemu-img create -o... This allows testing different
subformat with a command like './check -qcow2 -o compat=0.10'.
For qcow2, if no compat option is specified, compat=1.1 is the new
default.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
qemu-iotests supports the -nocache option which makes the tests run with
cache=none. For blkdebug tests with qcow2 this means that we may see
test results that differ from cache=writethrough. This patch makes the
diff a bit smaller and therefore easier to review.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Print the paths of the programs under test
(qemu, qemu-img and qemu-io).
Signed-off-by: Lucas Meneghel Rodrigues <lmr@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
This patch introduces tests for protocols other than file, and
initially supports rbd and sheepdog.
Signed-off-by: MORITA Kazutaka <morita.kazutaka@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
The tests use bash language features like 'let', which aren't supported
by /bin/sh on systems that use a conservative shell like dash. This
patch changes the interpreter to /bin/bash.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Blue Swirl notices that we were using the old FSF post address in the
license boilerplates. Replace both the old and new address with links
to the gnu.org licenses homepage as suggested by Ben Pfaff.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>