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Nir Soffer 0961525705 qemu-nbd: Change default cache mode to writeback
Both qemu and qemu-img use writeback cache mode by default, which is
already documented in qemu(1). qemu-nbd uses writethrough cache mode by
default, and the default cache mode is not documented.

According to the qemu-nbd(8):

   --cache=CACHE
          The  cache  mode  to be used with the file.  See the
          documentation of the emulator's -drive cache=... option for
          allowed values.

qemu(1) says:

    The default mode is cache=writeback.

So users have no reason to assume that qemu-nbd is using writethough
cache mode. The only hint is the painfully slow writing when using the
defaults.

Looking in git history, it seems that qemu used writethrough in the past
to support broken guests that did not flush data properly, or could not
flush due to limitations in qemu. But qemu-nbd clients can use
NBD_CMD_FLUSH to flush data, so using writethrough does not help anyone.

Change the default cache mode to writback, and document the default and
available values properly in the online help and manual.

With this change converting image via qemu-nbd is 3.5 times faster.

    $ qemu-img create dst.img 50g
    $ qemu-nbd -t -f raw -k /tmp/nbd.sock dst.img

Before this change:

    $ hyperfine -r3 "./qemu-img convert -p -f raw -O raw -T none -W fedora34.img nbd+unix:///?socket=/tmp/nbd.sock"
    Benchmark #1: ./qemu-img convert -p -f raw -O raw -T none -W fedora34.img nbd+unix:///?socket=/tmp/nbd.sock
      Time (mean ± σ):     83.639 s ±  5.970 s    [User: 2.733 s, System: 6.112 s]
      Range (min … max):   76.749 s … 87.245 s    3 runs

After this change:

    $ hyperfine -r3 "./qemu-img convert -p -f raw -O raw -T none -W fedora34.img nbd+unix:///?socket=/tmp/nbd.sock"
    Benchmark #1: ./qemu-img convert -p -f raw -O raw -T none -W fedora34.img nbd+unix:///?socket=/tmp/nbd.sock
      Time (mean ± σ):     23.522 s ±  0.433 s    [User: 2.083 s, System: 5.475 s]
      Range (min … max):   23.234 s … 24.019 s    3 runs

Users can avoid the issue by using --cache=writeback[1] but the defaults
should give good performance for the common use case.

[1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/1990656

Signed-off-by: Nir Soffer <nsoffer@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210813205519.50518-1-nsoffer@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
CC: qemu-stable@nongnu.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
2021-09-29 13:46:31 -05:00
.github
.gitlab/issue_templates
.gitlab-ci.d gitlab-ci: Mark manual-only jobs as allow_failure 2021-09-15 16:43:16 +01:00
accel accel/tcg: Restrict cpu_handle_halt() to sysemu 2021-09-21 19:36:44 -07:00
audio audio: Never send migration section 2021-08-10 10:55:57 +02:00
authz
backends qapi: Convert simple union TpmTypeOptions to flat one 2021-09-27 08:22:25 +02:00
block Trivial patches pull request 20210916 2021-09-16 16:02:31 +01:00
bsd-user user: Remove cpu_get_pic_interrupt() stubs 2021-09-14 12:00:21 -07:00
capstone@f8b1b83301
chardev qapi: Convert simple union SocketAddressLegacy to flat one 2021-09-27 08:23:25 +02:00
configs hw/acpi: refactor acpi hp modules so that targets can just use what they need 2021-09-04 09:07:46 -04:00
contrib elf2dmp: Fail cleanly if PDB file specifies zero block_size 2021-09-20 09:54:32 +01:00
crypto
disas Hexagon (disas/hexagon.c) fix memory leak for early exit cases 2021-08-12 09:06:05 -05:00
docs qemu-nbd: Change default cache mode to writeback 2021-09-29 13:46:31 -05:00
dtc@85e5d83984
dump
ebpf ebpf: only include in system emulators 2021-09-17 16:07:52 +08:00
fpu softfloat: Remove assertion preventing silencing of NaN in default-NaN mode 2021-09-01 11:08:17 +01:00
fsdev
gdb-xml
hw hw/loader: Restrict PC_ROM_* definitions to hw/i386/pc 2021-09-27 10:57:21 +02:00
include hw/loader: Restrict PC_ROM_* definitions to hw/i386/pc 2021-09-27 10:57:21 +02:00
io
libdecnumber
linux-headers
linux-user linux-user/aarch64: Use force_sig_fault() 2021-09-23 14:43:58 +02:00
meson@776acd2a80
migration migration: Handle migration_incoming_setup() errors consistently 2021-08-26 17:15:28 +02:00
monitor QAPI patches patches for 2021-09-25 2021-09-27 15:03:42 +01:00
nbd nbd/server: Mark variable unused in nbd_negotiate_meta_queries 2021-07-26 07:06:25 -10:00
net vhost-vdpa: remove the unncessary queue_index assignment 2021-09-04 17:34:05 -04:00
pc-bios meson: look up cp and dtrace with find_program() 2021-09-13 13:56:26 +02:00
plugins plugins/api: added a boolean parsing plugin api 2021-09-02 11:29:34 +01:00
po
python python/aqmp-tui: Add syntax highlighting 2021-09-27 12:10:29 -04:00
qapi qapi: Convert simple union TransactionAction to flat one 2021-09-27 08:23:25 +02:00
qga Remove superfluous ERRP_GUARD() 2021-08-26 17:15:28 +02:00
qobject
qom qom: use correct field name when getting/setting alias properties 2021-07-23 18:17:17 +02:00
replay
roms Update OpenBIOS images to d657b653 built from submodule. 2021-09-08 10:30:10 +01:00
scripts qapi: Drop simple unions 2021-09-27 08:23:25 +02:00
scsi error: Use error_fatal to simplify obvious fatal errors (again) 2021-08-26 17:15:28 +02:00
semihosting linux-user: Don't include gdbstub.h in qemu.h 2021-09-13 20:35:45 +02:00
slirp@a88d9ace23 Update libslirp to v4.6.1 2021-08-03 16:07:22 +04:00
softmmu qdev: Support marking individual buses as 'full' 2021-09-13 21:01:08 +01:00
storage-daemon storage-daemon: Add missing build dependency to the vhost-user-blk-test 2021-08-11 13:39:50 +02:00
stubs hw/pci: remove all references to find_i440fx function 2021-09-04 17:34:05 -04:00
subprojects/libvhost-user libvhost-user: fix -Werror=format= warnings with __u64 fields 2021-07-29 10:15:52 +02:00
target hw/core: Make do_unaligned_access noreturn 2021-09-21 19:36:44 -07:00
tcg tcg/riscv: Remove add with zero on user-only memory access 2021-09-21 19:36:44 -07:00
tests tests/acceptance: Test powernv machines 2021-09-27 19:21:37 +02:00
tools virtiofsd pull 2021-08-16 2021-09-19 18:53:29 +01:00
trace meson: look up cp and dtrace with find_program() 2021-09-13 13:56:26 +02:00
ui ui/gtk-egl: Wait for the draw signal for dmabuf blobs 2021-09-15 08:41:59 +02:00
util qapi: Convert simple union SocketAddressLegacy to flat one 2021-09-27 08:23:25 +02:00
.cirrus.yml
.dir-locals.el
.editorconfig
.exrc
.gdbinit
.gitattributes
.gitignore gitignore: Update with some filetypes 2021-07-23 17:22:15 +01:00
.gitlab-ci.yml docs: Document GitLab custom CI/CD variables 2021-07-29 07:56:01 +02:00
.gitmodules
.gitpublish
.mailmap MAINTAINERS: Name and email address change 2021-08-10 16:42:16 +01:00
.patchew.yml
.readthedocs.yml
.travis.yml
block.c block: bdrv_inactivate_recurse(): check for permissions and fix crash 2021-09-15 15:54:07 +02:00
blockdev-nbd.c
blockdev.c arch_init.h: Don't include arch_init.h unnecessarily 2021-08-26 17:02:00 +01:00
blockjob.c
configure configure: add missing pc-bios/qemu_vga.ndrv symlink in build tree 2021-09-15 15:54:02 +02:00
COPYING
COPYING.LIB
cpu.c accel/tcg: Record singlestep_enabled in tb->cflags 2021-07-21 07:47:05 -10:00
cpus-common.c
disas.c
gdbstub.c linux-user: Don't include gdbstub.h in qemu.h 2021-09-13 20:35:45 +02:00
gitdm.config contrib/gitdm: add a new interns group-map for GSoC/Outreachy work 2021-07-23 17:22:16 +01:00
hmp-commands-info.hx
hmp-commands.hx hmp: Drop a bogus sentence from set_password's documentation 2021-09-27 10:57:21 +02:00
iothread.c iothread: add aio-max-batch parameter 2021-07-21 13:47:50 +01:00
job-qmp.c
job.c
Kconfig
Kconfig.host
LICENSE
MAINTAINERS qemu: Split machine_ppc.py acceptance tests 2021-09-27 19:06:47 +02:00
Makefile Makefile: ignore long options 2021-07-29 10:15:51 +02:00
memory_ldst.c.inc
meson_options.txt
meson.build arm: Add Hypervisor.framework build target 2021-09-21 16:28:26 +01:00
module-common.c
os-posix.c
os-win32.c
page-vary-common.c
page-vary.c
qemu-bridge-helper.c
qemu-edid.c
qemu-img-cmds.hx qemu-img: Add -F shorthand to convert 2021-09-15 18:42:38 +02:00
qemu-img.c qemu-img: Add -F shorthand to convert 2021-09-15 18:42:38 +02:00
qemu-io-cmds.c
qemu-io.c error: Use error_fatal to simplify obvious fatal errors (again) 2021-08-26 17:15:28 +02:00
qemu-keymap.c
qemu-nbd.c qemu-nbd: Change default cache mode to writeback 2021-09-29 13:46:31 -05:00
qemu-options.hx softmmu/vl: Deprecate the old grab options 2021-09-06 10:00:14 +02:00
qemu.nsi
qemu.sasl
README.rst
replication.c
thunk.c linux-user: Drop unneeded includes from qemu.h 2021-09-13 20:35:45 +02:00
trace-events
VERSION Open 6.2 development tree 2021-08-25 10:25:12 +01:00
version.rc

===========
QEMU README
===========

QEMU is a generic and open source machine & userspace emulator and
virtualizer.

QEMU is capable of emulating a complete machine in software without any
need for hardware virtualization support. By using dynamic translation,
it achieves very good performance. QEMU can also integrate with the Xen
and KVM hypervisors to provide emulated hardware while allowing the
hypervisor to manage the CPU. With hypervisor support, QEMU can achieve
near native performance for CPUs. When QEMU emulates CPUs directly it is
capable of running operating systems made for one machine (e.g. an ARMv7
board) on a different machine (e.g. an x86_64 PC board).

QEMU is also capable of providing userspace API virtualization for Linux
and BSD kernel interfaces. This allows binaries compiled against one
architecture ABI (e.g. the Linux PPC64 ABI) to be run on a host using a
different architecture ABI (e.g. the Linux x86_64 ABI). This does not
involve any hardware emulation, simply CPU and syscall emulation.

QEMU aims to fit into a variety of use cases. It can be invoked directly
by users wishing to have full control over its behaviour and settings.
It also aims to facilitate integration into higher level management
layers, by providing a stable command line interface and monitor API.
It is commonly invoked indirectly via the libvirt library when using
open source applications such as oVirt, OpenStack and virt-manager.

QEMU as a whole is released under the GNU General Public License,
version 2. For full licensing details, consult the LICENSE file.


Documentation
=============

Documentation can be found hosted online at
`<https://www.qemu.org/documentation/>`_. The documentation for the
current development version that is available at
`<https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/>`_ is generated from the ``docs/``
folder in the source tree, and is built by `Sphinx
<https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/>_`.


Building
========

QEMU is multi-platform software intended to be buildable on all modern
Linux platforms, OS-X, Win32 (via the Mingw64 toolchain) and a variety
of other UNIX targets. The simple steps to build QEMU are:


.. code-block:: shell

  mkdir build
  cd build
  ../configure
  make

Additional information can also be found online via the QEMU website:

* `<https://qemu.org/Hosts/Linux>`_
* `<https://qemu.org/Hosts/Mac>`_
* `<https://qemu.org/Hosts/W32>`_


Submitting patches
==================

The QEMU source code is maintained under the GIT version control system.

.. code-block:: shell

   git clone https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu.git

When submitting patches, one common approach is to use 'git
format-patch' and/or 'git send-email' to format & send the mail to the
qemu-devel@nongnu.org mailing list. All patches submitted must contain
a 'Signed-off-by' line from the author. Patches should follow the
guidelines set out in the `style section
<https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/devel/style.html>` of
the Developers Guide.

Additional information on submitting patches can be found online via
the QEMU website

* `<https://qemu.org/Contribute/SubmitAPatch>`_
* `<https://qemu.org/Contribute/TrivialPatches>`_

The QEMU website is also maintained under source control.

.. code-block:: shell

  git clone https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu-web.git

* `<https://www.qemu.org/2017/02/04/the-new-qemu-website-is-up/>`_

A 'git-publish' utility was created to make above process less
cumbersome, and is highly recommended for making regular contributions,
or even just for sending consecutive patch series revisions. It also
requires a working 'git send-email' setup, and by default doesn't
automate everything, so you may want to go through the above steps
manually for once.

For installation instructions, please go to

*  `<https://github.com/stefanha/git-publish>`_

The workflow with 'git-publish' is:

.. code-block:: shell

  $ git checkout master -b my-feature
  $ # work on new commits, add your 'Signed-off-by' lines to each
  $ git publish

Your patch series will be sent and tagged as my-feature-v1 if you need to refer
back to it in the future.

Sending v2:

.. code-block:: shell

  $ git checkout my-feature # same topic branch
  $ # making changes to the commits (using 'git rebase', for example)
  $ git publish

Your patch series will be sent with 'v2' tag in the subject and the git tip
will be tagged as my-feature-v2.

Bug reporting
=============

The QEMU project uses GitLab issues to track bugs. Bugs
found when running code built from QEMU git or upstream released sources
should be reported via:

* `<https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues>`_

If using QEMU via an operating system vendor pre-built binary package, it
is preferable to report bugs to the vendor's own bug tracker first. If
the bug is also known to affect latest upstream code, it can also be
reported via GitLab.

For additional information on bug reporting consult:

* `<https://qemu.org/Contribute/ReportABug>`_


ChangeLog
=========

For version history and release notes, please visit
`<https://wiki.qemu.org/ChangeLog/>`_ or look at the git history for
more detailed information.


Contact
=======

The QEMU community can be contacted in a number of ways, with the two
main methods being email and IRC

* `<mailto:qemu-devel@nongnu.org>`_
* `<https://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/qemu-devel>`_
* #qemu on irc.oftc.net

Information on additional methods of contacting the community can be
found online via the QEMU website:

* `<https://qemu.org/Contribute/StartHere>`_