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qemu-e2k/migration/postcopy-ram.c
Dr. David Alan Gilbert 371ff5a3f0 Inhibit ballooning during postcopy 
Postcopy detects accesses to pages that haven't been transferred yet
using userfaultfd, and it causes exceptions on pages that are 'not
present'.
Ballooning also causes pages to be marked as 'not present' when the
guest inflates the balloon.
Potentially a balloon could be inflated to discard pages that are
currently inflight during postcopy and that may be arriving at about
the same time.

To avoid this confusion, disable ballooning during postcopy.

When disabled we drop balloon requests from the guest.  Since ballooning
is generally initiated by the host, the management system should avoid
initiating any balloon instructions to the guest during migration,
although it's not possible to know how long it would take a guest to
process a request made prior to the start of migration.
Guest initiated ballooning will not know if it's really freed a page
of host memory or not.

Queueing the requests until after migration would be nice, but is
non-trivial, since the set of inflate/deflate requests have to
be compared with the state of the page to know what the final
outcome is allowed to be.

Signed-off-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>
2015-11-10 15:00:28 +01:00

768 lines
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/*
* Postcopy migration for RAM
*
* Copyright 2013-2015 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates
*
* Authors:
* Dave Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
*
* This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
* See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
*
*/
/*
* Postcopy is a migration technique where the execution flips from the
* source to the destination before all the data has been copied.
*/
#include <glib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "qemu-common.h"
#include "migration/migration.h"
#include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
#include "sysemu/balloon.h"
#include "qemu/error-report.h"
#include "trace.h"
/* Arbitrary limit on size of each discard command,
* keeps them around ~200 bytes
*/
#define MAX_DISCARDS_PER_COMMAND 12
struct PostcopyDiscardState {
const char *ramblock_name;
uint64_t offset; /* Bitmap entry for the 1st bit of this RAMBlock */
uint16_t cur_entry;
/*
* Start and length of a discard range (bytes)
*/
uint64_t start_list[MAX_DISCARDS_PER_COMMAND];
uint64_t length_list[MAX_DISCARDS_PER_COMMAND];
unsigned int nsentwords;
unsigned int nsentcmds;
};
/* Postcopy needs to detect accesses to pages that haven't yet been copied
* across, and efficiently map new pages in, the techniques for doing this
* are target OS specific.
*/
#if defined(__linux__)
#include <poll.h>
#include <sys/eventfd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <asm/types.h> /* for __u64 */
#endif
#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_userfaultfd)
#include <linux/userfaultfd.h>
static bool ufd_version_check(int ufd)
{
struct uffdio_api api_struct;
uint64_t ioctl_mask;
api_struct.api = UFFD_API;
api_struct.features = 0;
if (ioctl(ufd, UFFDIO_API, &api_struct)) {
error_report("postcopy_ram_supported_by_host: UFFDIO_API failed: %s",
strerror(errno));
return false;
}
ioctl_mask = (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_REGISTER |
(__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_UNREGISTER;
if ((api_struct.ioctls & ioctl_mask) != ioctl_mask) {
error_report("Missing userfault features: %" PRIx64,
(uint64_t)(~api_struct.ioctls & ioctl_mask));
return false;
}
return true;
}
/*
* Note: This has the side effect of munlock'ing all of RAM, that's
* normally fine since if the postcopy succeeds it gets turned back on at the
* end.
*/
bool postcopy_ram_supported_by_host(void)
{
long pagesize = getpagesize();
int ufd = -1;
bool ret = false; /* Error unless we change it */
void *testarea = NULL;
struct uffdio_register reg_struct;
struct uffdio_range range_struct;
uint64_t feature_mask;
if ((1ul << qemu_target_page_bits()) > pagesize) {
error_report("Target page size bigger than host page size");
goto out;
}
ufd = syscall(__NR_userfaultfd, O_CLOEXEC);
if (ufd == -1) {
error_report("%s: userfaultfd not available: %s", __func__,
strerror(errno));
goto out;
}
/* Version and features check */
if (!ufd_version_check(ufd)) {
goto out;
}
/*
* userfault and mlock don't go together; we'll put it back later if
* it was enabled.
*/
if (munlockall()) {
error_report("%s: munlockall: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
/*
* We need to check that the ops we need are supported on anon memory
* To do that we need to register a chunk and see the flags that
* are returned.
*/
testarea = mmap(NULL, pagesize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE |
MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
if (testarea == MAP_FAILED) {
error_report("%s: Failed to map test area: %s", __func__,
strerror(errno));
goto out;
}
g_assert(((size_t)testarea & (pagesize-1)) == 0);
reg_struct.range.start = (uintptr_t)testarea;
reg_struct.range.len = pagesize;
reg_struct.mode = UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MISSING;
if (ioctl(ufd, UFFDIO_REGISTER, &reg_struct)) {
error_report("%s userfault register: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
goto out;
}
range_struct.start = (uintptr_t)testarea;
range_struct.len = pagesize;
if (ioctl(ufd, UFFDIO_UNREGISTER, &range_struct)) {
error_report("%s userfault unregister: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
goto out;
}
feature_mask = (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_WAKE |
(__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_COPY |
(__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE;
if ((reg_struct.ioctls & feature_mask) != feature_mask) {
error_report("Missing userfault map features: %" PRIx64,
(uint64_t)(~reg_struct.ioctls & feature_mask));
goto out;
}
/* Success! */
ret = true;
out:
if (testarea) {
munmap(testarea, pagesize);
}
if (ufd != -1) {
close(ufd);
}
return ret;
}
/**
* postcopy_ram_discard_range: Discard a range of memory.
* We can assume that if we've been called postcopy_ram_hosttest returned true.
*
* @mis: Current incoming migration state.
* @start, @length: range of memory to discard.
*
* returns: 0 on success.
*/
int postcopy_ram_discard_range(MigrationIncomingState *mis, uint8_t *start,
size_t length)
{
trace_postcopy_ram_discard_range(start, length);
if (madvise(start, length, MADV_DONTNEED)) {
error_report("%s MADV_DONTNEED: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Setup an area of RAM so that it *can* be used for postcopy later; this
* must be done right at the start prior to pre-copy.
* opaque should be the MIS.
*/
static int init_range(const char *block_name, void *host_addr,
ram_addr_t offset, ram_addr_t length, void *opaque)
{
MigrationIncomingState *mis = opaque;
trace_postcopy_init_range(block_name, host_addr, offset, length);
/*
* We need the whole of RAM to be truly empty for postcopy, so things
* like ROMs and any data tables built during init must be zero'd
* - we're going to get the copy from the source anyway.
* (Precopy will just overwrite this data, so doesn't need the discard)
*/
if (postcopy_ram_discard_range(mis, host_addr, length)) {
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* At the end of migration, undo the effects of init_range
* opaque should be the MIS.
*/
static int cleanup_range(const char *block_name, void *host_addr,
ram_addr_t offset, ram_addr_t length, void *opaque)
{
MigrationIncomingState *mis = opaque;
struct uffdio_range range_struct;
trace_postcopy_cleanup_range(block_name, host_addr, offset, length);
/*
* We turned off hugepage for the precopy stage with postcopy enabled
* we can turn it back on now.
*/
if (qemu_madvise(host_addr, length, QEMU_MADV_HUGEPAGE)) {
error_report("%s HUGEPAGE: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
/*
* We can also turn off userfault now since we should have all the
* pages. It can be useful to leave it on to debug postcopy
* if you're not sure it's always getting every page.
*/
range_struct.start = (uintptr_t)host_addr;
range_struct.len = length;
if (ioctl(mis->userfault_fd, UFFDIO_UNREGISTER, &range_struct)) {
error_report("%s: userfault unregister %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Initialise postcopy-ram, setting the RAM to a state where we can go into
* postcopy later; must be called prior to any precopy.
* called from arch_init's similarly named ram_postcopy_incoming_init
*/
int postcopy_ram_incoming_init(MigrationIncomingState *mis, size_t ram_pages)
{
if (qemu_ram_foreach_block(init_range, mis)) {
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* At the end of a migration where postcopy_ram_incoming_init was called.
*/
int postcopy_ram_incoming_cleanup(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
trace_postcopy_ram_incoming_cleanup_entry();
if (mis->have_fault_thread) {
uint64_t tmp64;
if (qemu_ram_foreach_block(cleanup_range, mis)) {
return -1;
}
/*
* Tell the fault_thread to exit, it's an eventfd that should
* currently be at 0, we're going to increment it to 1
*/
tmp64 = 1;
if (write(mis->userfault_quit_fd, &tmp64, 8) == 8) {
trace_postcopy_ram_incoming_cleanup_join();
qemu_thread_join(&mis->fault_thread);
} else {
/* Not much we can do here, but may as well report it */
error_report("%s: incrementing userfault_quit_fd: %s", __func__,
strerror(errno));
}
trace_postcopy_ram_incoming_cleanup_closeuf();
close(mis->userfault_fd);
close(mis->userfault_quit_fd);
mis->have_fault_thread = false;
}
qemu_balloon_inhibit(false);
if (enable_mlock) {
if (os_mlock() < 0) {
error_report("mlock: %s", strerror(errno));
/*
* It doesn't feel right to fail at this point, we have a valid
* VM state.
*/
}
}
postcopy_state_set(POSTCOPY_INCOMING_END);
migrate_send_rp_shut(mis, qemu_file_get_error(mis->from_src_file) != 0);
if (mis->postcopy_tmp_page) {
munmap(mis->postcopy_tmp_page, getpagesize());
mis->postcopy_tmp_page = NULL;
}
trace_postcopy_ram_incoming_cleanup_exit();
return 0;
}
/*
* Disable huge pages on an area
*/
static int nhp_range(const char *block_name, void *host_addr,
ram_addr_t offset, ram_addr_t length, void *opaque)
{
trace_postcopy_nhp_range(block_name, host_addr, offset, length);
/*
* Before we do discards we need to ensure those discards really
* do delete areas of the page, even if THP thinks a hugepage would
* be a good idea, so force hugepages off.
*/
if (qemu_madvise(host_addr, length, QEMU_MADV_NOHUGEPAGE)) {
error_report("%s: NOHUGEPAGE: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Userfault requires us to mark RAM as NOHUGEPAGE prior to discard
* however leaving it until after precopy means that most of the precopy
* data is still THPd
*/
int postcopy_ram_prepare_discard(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
if (qemu_ram_foreach_block(nhp_range, mis)) {
return -1;
}
postcopy_state_set(POSTCOPY_INCOMING_DISCARD);
return 0;
}
/*
* Mark the given area of RAM as requiring notification to unwritten areas
* Used as a callback on qemu_ram_foreach_block.
* host_addr: Base of area to mark
* offset: Offset in the whole ram arena
* length: Length of the section
* opaque: MigrationIncomingState pointer
* Returns 0 on success
*/
static int ram_block_enable_notify(const char *block_name, void *host_addr,
ram_addr_t offset, ram_addr_t length,
void *opaque)
{
MigrationIncomingState *mis = opaque;
struct uffdio_register reg_struct;
reg_struct.range.start = (uintptr_t)host_addr;
reg_struct.range.len = length;
reg_struct.mode = UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MISSING;
/* Now tell our userfault_fd that it's responsible for this area */
if (ioctl(mis->userfault_fd, UFFDIO_REGISTER, &reg_struct)) {
error_report("%s userfault register: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Handle faults detected by the USERFAULT markings
*/
static void *postcopy_ram_fault_thread(void *opaque)
{
MigrationIncomingState *mis = opaque;
struct uffd_msg msg;
int ret;
size_t hostpagesize = getpagesize();
RAMBlock *rb = NULL;
RAMBlock *last_rb = NULL; /* last RAMBlock we sent part of */
trace_postcopy_ram_fault_thread_entry();
qemu_sem_post(&mis->fault_thread_sem);
while (true) {
ram_addr_t rb_offset;
ram_addr_t in_raspace;
struct pollfd pfd[2];
/*
* We're mainly waiting for the kernel to give us a faulting HVA,
* however we can be told to quit via userfault_quit_fd which is
* an eventfd
*/
pfd[0].fd = mis->userfault_fd;
pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
pfd[0].revents = 0;
pfd[1].fd = mis->userfault_quit_fd;
pfd[1].events = POLLIN; /* Waiting for eventfd to go positive */
pfd[1].revents = 0;
if (poll(pfd, 2, -1 /* Wait forever */) == -1) {
error_report("%s: userfault poll: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
break;
}
if (pfd[1].revents) {
trace_postcopy_ram_fault_thread_quit();
break;
}
ret = read(mis->userfault_fd, &msg, sizeof(msg));
if (ret != sizeof(msg)) {
if (errno == EAGAIN) {
/*
* if a wake up happens on the other thread just after
* the poll, there is nothing to read.
*/
continue;
}
if (ret < 0) {
error_report("%s: Failed to read full userfault message: %s",
__func__, strerror(errno));
break;
} else {
error_report("%s: Read %d bytes from userfaultfd expected %zd",
__func__, ret, sizeof(msg));
break; /* Lost alignment, don't know what we'd read next */
}
}
if (msg.event != UFFD_EVENT_PAGEFAULT) {
error_report("%s: Read unexpected event %ud from userfaultfd",
__func__, msg.event);
continue; /* It's not a page fault, shouldn't happen */
}
rb = qemu_ram_block_from_host(
(void *)(uintptr_t)msg.arg.pagefault.address,
true, &in_raspace, &rb_offset);
if (!rb) {
error_report("postcopy_ram_fault_thread: Fault outside guest: %"
PRIx64, (uint64_t)msg.arg.pagefault.address);
break;
}
rb_offset &= ~(hostpagesize - 1);
trace_postcopy_ram_fault_thread_request(msg.arg.pagefault.address,
qemu_ram_get_idstr(rb),
rb_offset);
/*
* Send the request to the source - we want to request one
* of our host page sizes (which is >= TPS)
*/
if (rb != last_rb) {
last_rb = rb;
migrate_send_rp_req_pages(mis, qemu_ram_get_idstr(rb),
rb_offset, hostpagesize);
} else {
/* Save some space */
migrate_send_rp_req_pages(mis, NULL,
rb_offset, hostpagesize);
}
}
trace_postcopy_ram_fault_thread_exit();
return NULL;
}
int postcopy_ram_enable_notify(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
/* Open the fd for the kernel to give us userfaults */
mis->userfault_fd = syscall(__NR_userfaultfd, O_CLOEXEC | O_NONBLOCK);
if (mis->userfault_fd == -1) {
error_report("%s: Failed to open userfault fd: %s", __func__,
strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
/*
* Although the host check already tested the API, we need to
* do the check again as an ABI handshake on the new fd.
*/
if (!ufd_version_check(mis->userfault_fd)) {
return -1;
}
/* Now an eventfd we use to tell the fault-thread to quit */
mis->userfault_quit_fd = eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC);
if (mis->userfault_quit_fd == -1) {
error_report("%s: Opening userfault_quit_fd: %s", __func__,
strerror(errno));
close(mis->userfault_fd);
return -1;
}
qemu_sem_init(&mis->fault_thread_sem, 0);
qemu_thread_create(&mis->fault_thread, "postcopy/fault",
postcopy_ram_fault_thread, mis, QEMU_THREAD_JOINABLE);
qemu_sem_wait(&mis->fault_thread_sem);
qemu_sem_destroy(&mis->fault_thread_sem);
mis->have_fault_thread = true;
/* Mark so that we get notified of accesses to unwritten areas */
if (qemu_ram_foreach_block(ram_block_enable_notify, mis)) {
return -1;
}
/*
* Ballooning can mark pages as absent while we're postcopying
* that would cause false userfaults.
*/
qemu_balloon_inhibit(true);
trace_postcopy_ram_enable_notify();
return 0;
}
/*
* Place a host page (from) at (host) atomically
* returns 0 on success
*/
int postcopy_place_page(MigrationIncomingState *mis, void *host, void *from)
{
struct uffdio_copy copy_struct;
copy_struct.dst = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)host;
copy_struct.src = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)from;
copy_struct.len = getpagesize();
copy_struct.mode = 0;
/* copy also acks to the kernel waking the stalled thread up
* TODO: We can inhibit that ack and only do it if it was requested
* which would be slightly cheaper, but we'd have to be careful
* of the order of updating our page state.
*/
if (ioctl(mis->userfault_fd, UFFDIO_COPY, &copy_struct)) {
int e = errno;
error_report("%s: %s copy host: %p from: %p",
__func__, strerror(e), host, from);
return -e;
}
trace_postcopy_place_page(host);
return 0;
}
/*
* Place a zero page at (host) atomically
* returns 0 on success
*/
int postcopy_place_page_zero(MigrationIncomingState *mis, void *host)
{
struct uffdio_zeropage zero_struct;
zero_struct.range.start = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)host;
zero_struct.range.len = getpagesize();
zero_struct.mode = 0;
if (ioctl(mis->userfault_fd, UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE, &zero_struct)) {
int e = errno;
error_report("%s: %s zero host: %p",
__func__, strerror(e), host);
return -e;
}
trace_postcopy_place_page_zero(host);
return 0;
}
/*
* Returns a target page of memory that can be mapped at a later point in time
* using postcopy_place_page
* The same address is used repeatedly, postcopy_place_page just takes the
* backing page away.
* Returns: Pointer to allocated page
*
*/
void *postcopy_get_tmp_page(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
if (!mis->postcopy_tmp_page) {
mis->postcopy_tmp_page = mmap(NULL, getpagesize(),
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE |
MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
if (!mis->postcopy_tmp_page) {
error_report("%s: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
return NULL;
}
}
return mis->postcopy_tmp_page;
}
#else
/* No target OS support, stubs just fail */
bool postcopy_ram_supported_by_host(void)
{
error_report("%s: No OS support", __func__);
return false;
}
int postcopy_ram_incoming_init(MigrationIncomingState *mis, size_t ram_pages)
{
error_report("postcopy_ram_incoming_init: No OS support");
return -1;
}
int postcopy_ram_incoming_cleanup(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
assert(0);
return -1;
}
int postcopy_ram_discard_range(MigrationIncomingState *mis, uint8_t *start,
size_t length)
{
assert(0);
return -1;
}
int postcopy_ram_prepare_discard(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
assert(0);
return -1;
}
int postcopy_ram_enable_notify(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
assert(0);
return -1;
}
int postcopy_place_page(MigrationIncomingState *mis, void *host, void *from)
{
assert(0);
return -1;
}
int postcopy_place_page_zero(MigrationIncomingState *mis, void *host)
{
assert(0);
return -1;
}
void *postcopy_get_tmp_page(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
assert(0);
return NULL;
}
#endif
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/**
* postcopy_discard_send_init: Called at the start of each RAMBlock before
* asking to discard individual ranges.
*
* @ms: The current migration state.
* @offset: the bitmap offset of the named RAMBlock in the migration
* bitmap.
* @name: RAMBlock that discards will operate on.
*
* returns: a new PDS.
*/
PostcopyDiscardState *postcopy_discard_send_init(MigrationState *ms,
unsigned long offset,
const char *name)
{
PostcopyDiscardState *res = g_malloc0(sizeof(PostcopyDiscardState));
if (res) {
res->ramblock_name = name;
res->offset = offset;
}
return res;
}
/**
* postcopy_discard_send_range: Called by the bitmap code for each chunk to
* discard. May send a discard message, may just leave it queued to
* be sent later.
*
* @ms: Current migration state.
* @pds: Structure initialised by postcopy_discard_send_init().
* @start,@length: a range of pages in the migration bitmap in the
* RAM block passed to postcopy_discard_send_init() (length=1 is one page)
*/
void postcopy_discard_send_range(MigrationState *ms, PostcopyDiscardState *pds,
unsigned long start, unsigned long length)
{
size_t tp_bits = qemu_target_page_bits();
/* Convert to byte offsets within the RAM block */
pds->start_list[pds->cur_entry] = (start - pds->offset) << tp_bits;
pds->length_list[pds->cur_entry] = length << tp_bits;
trace_postcopy_discard_send_range(pds->ramblock_name, start, length);
pds->cur_entry++;
pds->nsentwords++;
if (pds->cur_entry == MAX_DISCARDS_PER_COMMAND) {
/* Full set, ship it! */
qemu_savevm_send_postcopy_ram_discard(ms->file, pds->ramblock_name,
pds->cur_entry,
pds->start_list,
pds->length_list);
pds->nsentcmds++;
pds->cur_entry = 0;
}
}
/**
* postcopy_discard_send_finish: Called at the end of each RAMBlock by the
* bitmap code. Sends any outstanding discard messages, frees the PDS
*
* @ms: Current migration state.
* @pds: Structure initialised by postcopy_discard_send_init().
*/
void postcopy_discard_send_finish(MigrationState *ms, PostcopyDiscardState *pds)
{
/* Anything unsent? */
if (pds->cur_entry) {
qemu_savevm_send_postcopy_ram_discard(ms->file, pds->ramblock_name,
pds->cur_entry,
pds->start_list,
pds->length_list);
pds->nsentcmds++;
}
trace_postcopy_discard_send_finish(pds->ramblock_name, pds->nsentwords,
pds->nsentcmds);
g_free(pds);
}
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