qemu-e2k/docs/system/devices/usb-u2f.rst
Peter Maydell 91608e2a44 docs: Convert u2f.txt to rST
Convert the u2f.txt file to rST, and place it in the right place
in our manual layout. The old text didn't fit very well into our
manual style, so the new version ends up looking like a rewrite,
although some of the original text is preserved:

 * the 'building' section of the old file is removed, since we
   generally assume that users have already built QEMU
 * some rather verbose text has been cut back
 * document the passthrough device first, on the assumption
   that's most likely to be of interest to users
 * cut back on the duplication of text between sections
 * format example command lines etc with rST

As it's a short document it seemed simplest to do this all
in one go rather than try to do a minimal syntactic conversion
and then clean up the wording and layout.

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20230421163734.1152076-1-peter.maydell@linaro.org
2023-05-18 11:40:32 +01:00

94 lines
3.1 KiB
ReStructuredText

Universal Second Factor (U2F) USB Key Device
============================================
U2F is an open authentication standard that enables relying parties
exposed to the internet to offer a strong second factor option for end
user authentication.
The second factor is provided by a device implementing the U2F
protocol. In case of a USB U2F security key, it is a USB HID device
that implements the U2F protocol.
QEMU supports both pass-through of a host U2F key device to a VM,
and software emulation of a U2F key.
``u2f-passthru``
----------------
The ``u2f-passthru`` device allows you to connect a real hardware
U2F key on your host to a guest VM. All requests made from the guest
are passed through to the physical security key connected to the
host machine and vice versa.
In addition, the dedicated pass-through allows you to share a single
U2F security key with several guest VMs, which is not possible with a
simple host device assignment pass-through.
You can specify the host U2F key to use with the ``hidraw``
option, which takes the host path to a Linux ``/dev/hidrawN`` device:
.. parsed-literal::
|qemu_system| -usb -device u2f-passthru,hidraw=/dev/hidraw0
If you don't specify the device, the ``u2f-passthru`` device will
autoscan to take the first U2F device it finds on the host (this
requires a working libudev):
.. parsed-literal::
|qemu_system| -usb -device u2f-passthru
``u2f-emulated``
----------------
``u2f-emulated`` is a completely software emulated U2F device.
It uses `libu2f-emu <https://github.com/MattGorko/libu2f-emu>`__
for the U2F key emulation. libu2f-emu
provides a complete implementation of the U2F protocol device part for
all specified transports given by the FIDO Alliance.
To work, an emulated U2F device must have four elements:
* ec x509 certificate
* ec private key
* counter (four bytes value)
* 48 bytes of entropy (random bits)
To use this type of device, these have to be configured, and these
four elements must be passed one way or another.
Assuming that you have a working libu2f-emu installed on the host,
there are three possible ways to configure the ``u2f-emulated`` device:
* ephemeral
* setup directory
* manual
Ephemeral is the simplest way to configure; it lets the device generate
all the elements it needs for a single use of the lifetime of the device.
It is the default if you do not pass any other options to the device.
.. parsed-literal::
|qemu_system| -usb -device u2f-emulated
You can pass the device the path of a setup directory on the host
using the ``dir`` option; the directory must contain these four files:
* ``certificate.pem``: ec x509 certificate
* ``private-key.pem``: ec private key
* ``counter``: counter value
* ``entropy``: 48 bytes of entropy
.. parsed-literal::
|qemu_system| -usb -device u2f-emulated,dir=$dir
You can also manually pass the device the paths to each of these files,
if you don't want them all to be in the same directory, using the options
* ``cert``
* ``priv``
* ``counter``
* ``entropy``
.. parsed-literal::
|qemu_system| -usb -device u2f-emulated,cert=$DIR1/$FILE1,priv=$DIR2/$FILE2,counter=$DIR3/$FILE3,entropy=$DIR4/$FILE4