830d70db69
Based on patch by Nikolay Nikolaev: Vhost-user will implement the multi queue support in a similar way to what vhost already has - a separate thread for each queue. To enable the multi queue functionality - a new command line parameter "queues" is introduced for the vhost-user netdev. Signed-off-by: Nikolay Nikolaev <n.nikolaev@virtualopensystems.com> Signed-off-by: Changchun Ouyang <changchun.ouyang@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
3483 lines
131 KiB
Haxe
3483 lines
131 KiB
Haxe
HXCOMM Use DEFHEADING() to define headings in both help text and texi
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HXCOMM Text between STEXI and ETEXI are copied to texi version and
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HXCOMM discarded from C version
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HXCOMM DEF(option, HAS_ARG/0, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask) is used to
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HXCOMM construct option structures, enums and help message for specified
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HXCOMM architectures.
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HXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both texi and C
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DEFHEADING(Standard options:)
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STEXI
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@table @option
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ETEXI
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DEF("help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h,
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"-h or -help display this help and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -h
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@findex -h
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Display help and exit
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ETEXI
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DEF("version", 0, QEMU_OPTION_version,
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"-version display version information and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -version
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@findex -version
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Display version information and exit
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ETEXI
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DEF("machine", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_machine, \
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"-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]\n"
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" selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)\n"
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" property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator\n"
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" supported accelerators are kvm, xen, tcg (default: tcg)\n"
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" kernel_irqchip=on|off controls accelerated irqchip support\n"
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" vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)\n"
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" kvm_shadow_mem=size of KVM shadow MMU\n"
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" dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)\n"
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" mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)\n"
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" iommu=on|off controls emulated Intel IOMMU (VT-d) support (default=off)\n"
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" aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)\n"
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" dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)\n"
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" suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)\n",
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QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -machine [type=]@var{name}[,prop=@var{value}[,...]]
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@findex -machine
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Select the emulated machine by @var{name}. Use @code{-machine help} to list
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available machines. Supported machine properties are:
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@table @option
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@item accel=@var{accels1}[:@var{accels2}[:...]]
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This is used to enable an accelerator. Depending on the target architecture,
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kvm, xen, or tcg can be available. By default, tcg is used. If there is more
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than one accelerator specified, the next one is used if the previous one fails
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to initialize.
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@item kernel_irqchip=on|off
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Enables in-kernel irqchip support for the chosen accelerator when available.
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@item vmport=on|off|auto
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Enables emulation of VMWare IO port, for vmmouse etc. auto says to select the
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value based on accel. For accel=xen the default is off otherwise the default
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is on.
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@item kvm_shadow_mem=size
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Defines the size of the KVM shadow MMU.
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@item dump-guest-core=on|off
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Include guest memory in a core dump. The default is on.
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@item mem-merge=on|off
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Enables or disables memory merge support. This feature, when supported by
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the host, de-duplicates identical memory pages among VMs instances
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(enabled by default).
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@item iommu=on|off
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Enables or disables emulated Intel IOMMU (VT-d) support. The default is off.
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@item aes-key-wrap=on|off
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Enables or disables AES key wrapping support on s390-ccw hosts. This feature
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controls whether AES wrapping keys will be created to allow
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execution of AES cryptographic functions. The default is on.
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@item dea-key-wrap=on|off
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Enables or disables DEA key wrapping support on s390-ccw hosts. This feature
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controls whether DEA wrapping keys will be created to allow
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execution of DEA cryptographic functions. The default is on.
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@end table
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ETEXI
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HXCOMM Deprecated by -machine
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DEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu,
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"-cpu cpu select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -cpu @var{model}
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@findex -cpu
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Select CPU model (@code{-cpu help} for list and additional feature selection)
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ETEXI
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DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp,
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"-smp [cpus=]n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]\n"
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" set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n"
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" maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including\n"
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" offline CPUs for hotplug, etc\n"
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" cores= number of CPU cores on one socket\n"
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" threads= number of threads on one CPU core\n"
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" sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system\n",
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QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -smp [cpus=]@var{n}[,cores=@var{cores}][,threads=@var{threads}][,sockets=@var{sockets}][,maxcpus=@var{maxcpus}]
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@findex -smp
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Simulate an SMP system with @var{n} CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255
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CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of usable CPUs
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to 4.
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For the PC target, the number of @var{cores} per socket, the number
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of @var{threads} per cores and the total number of @var{sockets} can be
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specified. Missing values will be computed. If any on the three values is
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given, the total number of CPUs @var{n} can be omitted. @var{maxcpus}
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specifies the maximum number of hotpluggable CPUs.
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ETEXI
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DEF("numa", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_numa,
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"-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]\n"
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"-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -numa node[,mem=@var{size}][,cpus=@var{cpu[-cpu]}][,nodeid=@var{node}]
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@item -numa node[,memdev=@var{id}][,cpus=@var{cpu[-cpu]}][,nodeid=@var{node}]
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@findex -numa
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Simulate a multi node NUMA system. If @samp{mem}, @samp{memdev}
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and @samp{cpus} are omitted, resources are split equally. Also, note
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that the -@option{numa} option doesn't allocate any of the specified
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resources. That is, it just assigns existing resources to NUMA nodes. This
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means that one still has to use the @option{-m}, @option{-smp} options
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to allocate RAM and VCPUs respectively, and possibly @option{-object}
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to specify the memory backend for the @samp{memdev} suboption.
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@samp{mem} and @samp{memdev} are mutually exclusive. Furthermore, if one
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node uses @samp{memdev}, all of them have to use it.
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ETEXI
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DEF("add-fd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_add_fd,
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"-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]\n"
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" Add 'fd' to fd 'set'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -add-fd fd=@var{fd},set=@var{set}[,opaque=@var{opaque}]
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@findex -add-fd
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Add a file descriptor to an fd set. Valid options are:
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@table @option
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@item fd=@var{fd}
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This option defines the file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set.
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The file descriptor cannot be stdin, stdout, or stderr.
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@item set=@var{set}
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This option defines the ID of the fd set to add the file descriptor to.
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@item opaque=@var{opaque}
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This option defines a free-form string that can be used to describe @var{fd}.
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@end table
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You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set:
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@example
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qemu-system-i386
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-add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file"
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-add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file"
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-drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk
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@end example
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ETEXI
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DEF("set", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_set,
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"-set group.id.arg=value\n"
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" set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>\n"
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" i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -set @var{group}.@var{id}.@var{arg}=@var{value}
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@findex -set
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Set parameter @var{arg} for item @var{id} of type @var{group}\n"
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ETEXI
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DEF("global", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_global,
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"-global driver.prop=value\n"
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" set a global default for a driver property\n",
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QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -global @var{driver}.@var{prop}=@var{value}
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@findex -global
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Set default value of @var{driver}'s property @var{prop} to @var{value}, e.g.:
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@example
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qemu-system-i386 -global ide-drive.physical_block_size=4096 -drive file=file,if=ide,index=0,media=disk
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@end example
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In particular, you can use this to set driver properties for devices which are
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created automatically by the machine model. To create a device which is not
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created automatically and set properties on it, use -@option{device}.
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ETEXI
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DEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot,
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"-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]\n"
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" [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]\n"
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" 'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)\n"
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" 'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on\n"
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" 'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms\n"
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" 'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms\n",
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QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -boot [order=@var{drives}][,once=@var{drives}][,menu=on|off][,splash=@var{sp_name}][,splash-time=@var{sp_time}][,reboot-timeout=@var{rb_timeout}][,strict=on|off]
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@findex -boot
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Specify boot order @var{drives} as a string of drive letters. Valid
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drive letters depend on the target achitecture. The x86 PC uses: a, b
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(floppy 1 and 2), c (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM), n-p (Etherboot
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from network adapter 1-4), hard disk boot is the default. To apply a
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particular boot order only on the first startup, specify it via
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@option{once}.
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Interactive boot menus/prompts can be enabled via @option{menu=on} as far
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as firmware/BIOS supports them. The default is non-interactive boot.
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A splash picture could be passed to bios, enabling user to show it as logo,
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when option splash=@var{sp_name} is given and menu=on, If firmware/BIOS
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supports them. Currently Seabios for X86 system support it.
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limitation: The splash file could be a jpeg file or a BMP file in 24 BPP
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format(true color). The resolution should be supported by the SVGA mode, so
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the recommended is 320x240, 640x480, 800x640.
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A timeout could be passed to bios, guest will pause for @var{rb_timeout} ms
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when boot failed, then reboot. If @var{rb_timeout} is '-1', guest will not
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reboot, qemu passes '-1' to bios by default. Currently Seabios for X86
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system support it.
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Do strict boot via @option{strict=on} as far as firmware/BIOS
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supports it. This only effects when boot priority is changed by
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bootindex options. The default is non-strict boot.
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@example
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# try to boot from network first, then from hard disk
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qemu-system-i386 -boot order=nc
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# boot from CD-ROM first, switch back to default order after reboot
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qemu-system-i386 -boot once=d
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# boot with a splash picture for 5 seconds.
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qemu-system-i386 -boot menu=on,splash=/root/boot.bmp,splash-time=5000
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@end example
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Note: The legacy format '-boot @var{drives}' is still supported but its
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use is discouraged as it may be removed from future versions.
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ETEXI
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DEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m,
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"-m[emory] [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]\n"
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" configure guest RAM\n"
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" size: initial amount of guest memory (default: "
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stringify(DEFAULT_RAM_SIZE) "MiB)\n"
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" slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)\n"
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" maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)\n"
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"NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity\n",
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QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -m [size=]@var{megs}[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
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@findex -m
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Sets guest startup RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. Default is 128 MiB.
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Optionally, a suffix of ``M'' or ``G'' can be used to signify a value in
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megabytes or gigabytes respectively. Optional pair @var{slots}, @var{maxmem}
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could be used to set amount of hotpluggable memory slots and maximum amount of
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memory. Note that @var{maxmem} must be aligned to the page size.
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For example, the following command-line sets the guest startup RAM size to
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1GB, creates 3 slots to hotplug additional memory and sets the maximum
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memory the guest can reach to 4GB:
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@example
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qemu-system-x86_64 -m 1G,slots=3,maxmem=4G
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@end example
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If @var{slots} and @var{maxmem} are not specified, memory hotplug won't
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be enabled and the guest startup RAM will never increase.
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ETEXI
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DEF("mem-path", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mempath,
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"-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -mem-path @var{path}
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@findex -mem-path
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Allocate guest RAM from a temporarily created file in @var{path}.
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ETEXI
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DEF("mem-prealloc", 0, QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc,
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"-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)\n",
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QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
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STEXI
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@item -mem-prealloc
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@findex -mem-prealloc
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Preallocate memory when using -mem-path.
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ETEXI
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DEF("k", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_k,
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"-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)\n",
|
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QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
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STEXI
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@item -k @var{language}
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@findex -k
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Use keyboard layout @var{language} (for example @code{fr} for
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French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC
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keycodes (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC
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display). You don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows
|
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hosts.
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The available layouts are:
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@example
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ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv
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da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th
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de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr
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@end example
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The default is @code{en-us}.
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ETEXI
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|
|
|
|
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DEF("audio-help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_audio_help,
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"-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options\n",
|
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QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -audio-help
|
|
@findex -audio-help
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|
Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable
|
|
parameters.
|
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ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("soundhw", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_soundhw,
|
|
"-soundhw c1,... enable audio support\n"
|
|
" and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)\n"
|
|
" use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards\n"
|
|
" use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all
|
|
@findex -soundhw
|
|
Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use 'help' to print all
|
|
available sound hardware.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
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qemu-system-i386 -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img
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qemu-system-i386 -soundhw es1370 disk.img
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qemu-system-i386 -soundhw ac97 disk.img
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -soundhw hda disk.img
|
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qemu-system-i386 -soundhw all disk.img
|
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qemu-system-i386 -soundhw help
|
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@end example
|
|
|
|
Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might
|
|
require manually specifying clocking.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
modprobe i810_audio clocking=48000
|
|
@end example
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("balloon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_balloon,
|
|
"-balloon none disable balloon device\n"
|
|
"-balloon virtio[,addr=str]\n"
|
|
" enable virtio balloon device (default)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -balloon none
|
|
@findex -balloon
|
|
Disable balloon device.
|
|
@item -balloon virtio[,addr=@var{addr}]
|
|
Enable virtio balloon device (default), optionally with PCI address
|
|
@var{addr}.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("device", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_device,
|
|
"-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]\n"
|
|
" add device (based on driver)\n"
|
|
" prop=value,... sets driver properties\n"
|
|
" use '-device help' to print all possible drivers\n"
|
|
" use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -device @var{driver}[,@var{prop}[=@var{value}][,...]]
|
|
@findex -device
|
|
Add device @var{driver}. @var{prop}=@var{value} sets driver
|
|
properties. Valid properties depend on the driver. To get help on
|
|
possible drivers and properties, use @code{-device help} and
|
|
@code{-device @var{driver},help}.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name,
|
|
"-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]\n"
|
|
" set the name of the guest\n"
|
|
" string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)\n"
|
|
" When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name (on Linux)\n"
|
|
" NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -name @var{name}
|
|
@findex -name
|
|
Sets the @var{name} of the guest.
|
|
This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.
|
|
The @var{name} will also be used for the VNC server.
|
|
Also optionally set the top visible process name in Linux.
|
|
Naming of individual threads can also be enabled on Linux to aid debugging.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid,
|
|
"-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x\n"
|
|
" specify machine UUID\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -uuid @var{uuid}
|
|
@findex -uuid
|
|
Set system UUID.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
STEXI
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|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEFHEADING()
|
|
|
|
DEFHEADING(Block device options:)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@table @option
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda,
|
|
"-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
DEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -fda @var{file}
|
|
@item -fdb @var{file}
|
|
@findex -fda
|
|
@findex -fdb
|
|
Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@pxref{disk_images}).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda,
|
|
"-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
DEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc,
|
|
"-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
DEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -hda @var{file}
|
|
@item -hdb @var{file}
|
|
@item -hdc @var{file}
|
|
@item -hdd @var{file}
|
|
@findex -hda
|
|
@findex -hdb
|
|
@findex -hdc
|
|
@findex -hdd
|
|
Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@pxref{disk_images}).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom,
|
|
"-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -cdrom @var{file}
|
|
@findex -cdrom
|
|
Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and
|
|
@option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by
|
|
using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive,
|
|
"-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n"
|
|
" [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]\n"
|
|
" [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]\n"
|
|
" [,serial=s][,addr=A][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]\n"
|
|
" [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]\n"
|
|
" [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]\n"
|
|
" [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]\n"
|
|
" [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]\n"
|
|
" [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]\n"
|
|
" [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]\n"
|
|
" [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]\n"
|
|
" [[,iops_size=is]]\n"
|
|
" use 'file' as a drive image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -drive @var{option}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]
|
|
@findex -drive
|
|
|
|
Define a new drive. Valid options are:
|
|
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item file=@var{file}
|
|
This option defines which disk image (@pxref{disk_images}) to use with
|
|
this drive. If the filename contains comma, you must double it
|
|
(for instance, "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file").
|
|
|
|
Special files such as iSCSI devices can be specified using protocol
|
|
specific URLs. See the section for "Device URL Syntax" for more information.
|
|
@item if=@var{interface}
|
|
This option defines on which type on interface the drive is connected.
|
|
Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio.
|
|
@item bus=@var{bus},unit=@var{unit}
|
|
These options define where is connected the drive by defining the bus number and
|
|
the unit id.
|
|
@item index=@var{index}
|
|
This option defines where is connected the drive by using an index in the list
|
|
of available connectors of a given interface type.
|
|
@item media=@var{media}
|
|
This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom.
|
|
@item cyls=@var{c},heads=@var{h},secs=@var{s}[,trans=@var{t}]
|
|
These options have the same definition as they have in @option{-hdachs}.
|
|
@item snapshot=@var{snapshot}
|
|
@var{snapshot} is "on" or "off" and controls snapshot mode for the given drive
|
|
(see @option{-snapshot}).
|
|
@item cache=@var{cache}
|
|
@var{cache} is "none", "writeback", "unsafe", "directsync" or "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access block data.
|
|
@item aio=@var{aio}
|
|
@var{aio} is "threads", or "native" and selects between pthread based disk I/O and native Linux AIO.
|
|
@item discard=@var{discard}
|
|
@var{discard} is one of "ignore" (or "off") or "unmap" (or "on") and controls whether @dfn{discard} (also known as @dfn{trim} or @dfn{unmap}) requests are ignored or passed to the filesystem. Some machine types may not support discard requests.
|
|
@item format=@var{format}
|
|
Specify which disk @var{format} will be used rather than detecting
|
|
the format. Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting
|
|
an untrusted format header.
|
|
@item serial=@var{serial}
|
|
This option specifies the serial number to assign to the device.
|
|
@item addr=@var{addr}
|
|
Specify the controller's PCI address (if=virtio only).
|
|
@item werror=@var{action},rerror=@var{action}
|
|
Specify which @var{action} to take on write and read errors. Valid actions are:
|
|
"ignore" (ignore the error and try to continue), "stop" (pause QEMU),
|
|
"report" (report the error to the guest), "enospc" (pause QEMU only if the
|
|
host disk is full; report the error to the guest otherwise).
|
|
The default setting is @option{werror=enospc} and @option{rerror=report}.
|
|
@item readonly
|
|
Open drive @option{file} as read-only. Guest write attempts will fail.
|
|
@item copy-on-read=@var{copy-on-read}
|
|
@var{copy-on-read} is "on" or "off" and enables whether to copy read backing
|
|
file sectors into the image file.
|
|
@item detect-zeroes=@var{detect-zeroes}
|
|
@var{detect-zeroes} is "off", "on" or "unmap" and enables the automatic
|
|
conversion of plain zero writes by the OS to driver specific optimized
|
|
zero write commands. You may even choose "unmap" if @var{discard} is set
|
|
to "unmap" to allow a zero write to be converted to an UNMAP operation.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
By default, the @option{cache=writeback} mode is used. It will report data
|
|
writes as completed as soon as the data is present in the host page cache.
|
|
This is safe as long as your guest OS makes sure to correctly flush disk caches
|
|
where needed. If your guest OS does not handle volatile disk write caches
|
|
correctly and your host crashes or loses power, then the guest may experience
|
|
data corruption.
|
|
|
|
For such guests, you should consider using @option{cache=writethrough}. This
|
|
means that the host page cache will be used to read and write data, but write
|
|
notification will be sent to the guest only after QEMU has made sure to flush
|
|
each write to the disk. Be aware that this has a major impact on performance.
|
|
|
|
The host page cache can be avoided entirely with @option{cache=none}. This will
|
|
attempt to do disk IO directly to the guest's memory. QEMU may still perform
|
|
an internal copy of the data. Note that this is considered a writeback mode and
|
|
the guest OS must handle the disk write cache correctly in order to avoid data
|
|
corruption on host crashes.
|
|
|
|
The host page cache can be avoided while only sending write notifications to
|
|
the guest when the data has been flushed to the disk using
|
|
@option{cache=directsync}.
|
|
|
|
In case you don't care about data integrity over host failures, use
|
|
@option{cache=unsafe}. This option tells QEMU that it never needs to write any
|
|
data to the disk but can instead keep things in cache. If anything goes wrong,
|
|
like your host losing power, the disk storage getting disconnected accidentally,
|
|
etc. your image will most probably be rendered unusable. When using
|
|
the @option{-snapshot} option, unsafe caching is always used.
|
|
|
|
Copy-on-read avoids accessing the same backing file sectors repeatedly and is
|
|
useful when the backing file is over a slow network. By default copy-on-read
|
|
is off.
|
|
|
|
Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use:
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can
|
|
use:
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set:
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386
|
|
-add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file"
|
|
-add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file"
|
|
-drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0:
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive:
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0:
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use:
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically
|
|
incremented:
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=a -drive file=b"
|
|
@end example
|
|
is interpreted like:
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -hda a -hdb b
|
|
@end example
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock,
|
|
"-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -mtdblock @var{file}
|
|
@findex -mtdblock
|
|
Use @var{file} as on-board Flash memory image.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd,
|
|
"-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -sd @var{file}
|
|
@findex -sd
|
|
Use @var{file} as SecureDigital card image.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash,
|
|
"-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -pflash @var{file}
|
|
@findex -pflash
|
|
Use @var{file} as a parallel flash image.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot,
|
|
"-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -snapshot
|
|
@findex -snapshot
|
|
Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case,
|
|
the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force
|
|
the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@pxref{disk_images}).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("hdachs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdachs, \
|
|
"-hdachs c,h,s[,t]\n" \
|
|
" force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS\n" \
|
|
" translation (t=none or lba) (usually QEMU can guess them)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -hdachs @var{c},@var{h},@var{s},[,@var{t}]
|
|
@findex -hdachs
|
|
Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <=
|
|
@var{h} <= 16, 1 <= @var{s} <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS
|
|
translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess
|
|
all those parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk
|
|
images.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("fsdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fsdev,
|
|
"-fsdev fsdriver,id=id[,path=path,][security_model={mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none}]\n"
|
|
" [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd]\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
|
|
@item -fsdev @var{fsdriver},id=@var{id},path=@var{path},[security_model=@var{security_model}][,writeout=@var{writeout}][,readonly][,socket=@var{socket}|sock_fd=@var{sock_fd}]
|
|
@findex -fsdev
|
|
Define a new file system device. Valid options are:
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item @var{fsdriver}
|
|
This option specifies the fs driver backend to use.
|
|
Currently "local", "handle" and "proxy" file system drivers are supported.
|
|
@item id=@var{id}
|
|
Specifies identifier for this device
|
|
@item path=@var{path}
|
|
Specifies the export path for the file system device. Files under
|
|
this path will be available to the 9p client on the guest.
|
|
@item security_model=@var{security_model}
|
|
Specifies the security model to be used for this export path.
|
|
Supported security models are "passthrough", "mapped-xattr", "mapped-file" and "none".
|
|
In "passthrough" security model, files are stored using the same
|
|
credentials as they are created on the guest. This requires QEMU
|
|
to run as root. In "mapped-xattr" security model, some of the file
|
|
attributes like uid, gid, mode bits and link target are stored as
|
|
file attributes. For "mapped-file" these attributes are stored in the
|
|
hidden .virtfs_metadata directory. Directories exported by this security model cannot
|
|
interact with other unix tools. "none" security model is same as
|
|
passthrough except the sever won't report failures if it fails to
|
|
set file attributes like ownership. Security model is mandatory
|
|
only for local fsdriver. Other fsdrivers (like handle, proxy) don't take
|
|
security model as a parameter.
|
|
@item writeout=@var{writeout}
|
|
This is an optional argument. The only supported value is "immediate".
|
|
This means that host page cache will be used to read and write data but
|
|
write notification will be sent to the guest only when the data has been
|
|
reported as written by the storage subsystem.
|
|
@item readonly
|
|
Enables exporting 9p share as a readonly mount for guests. By default
|
|
read-write access is given.
|
|
@item socket=@var{socket}
|
|
Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket file for communicating
|
|
with virtfs-proxy-helper
|
|
@item sock_fd=@var{sock_fd}
|
|
Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket descriptor for
|
|
communicating with virtfs-proxy-helper. Usually a helper like libvirt
|
|
will create socketpair and pass one of the fds as sock_fd
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
-fsdev option is used along with -device driver "virtio-9p-pci".
|
|
@item -device virtio-9p-pci,fsdev=@var{id},mount_tag=@var{mount_tag}
|
|
Options for virtio-9p-pci driver are:
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item fsdev=@var{id}
|
|
Specifies the id value specified along with -fsdev option
|
|
@item mount_tag=@var{mount_tag}
|
|
Specifies the tag name to be used by the guest to mount this export point
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("virtfs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtfs,
|
|
"-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none]\n"
|
|
" [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd]\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
|
|
@item -virtfs @var{fsdriver}[,path=@var{path}],mount_tag=@var{mount_tag}[,security_model=@var{security_model}][,writeout=@var{writeout}][,readonly][,socket=@var{socket}|sock_fd=@var{sock_fd}]
|
|
@findex -virtfs
|
|
|
|
The general form of a Virtual File system pass-through options are:
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item @var{fsdriver}
|
|
This option specifies the fs driver backend to use.
|
|
Currently "local", "handle" and "proxy" file system drivers are supported.
|
|
@item id=@var{id}
|
|
Specifies identifier for this device
|
|
@item path=@var{path}
|
|
Specifies the export path for the file system device. Files under
|
|
this path will be available to the 9p client on the guest.
|
|
@item security_model=@var{security_model}
|
|
Specifies the security model to be used for this export path.
|
|
Supported security models are "passthrough", "mapped-xattr", "mapped-file" and "none".
|
|
In "passthrough" security model, files are stored using the same
|
|
credentials as they are created on the guest. This requires QEMU
|
|
to run as root. In "mapped-xattr" security model, some of the file
|
|
attributes like uid, gid, mode bits and link target are stored as
|
|
file attributes. For "mapped-file" these attributes are stored in the
|
|
hidden .virtfs_metadata directory. Directories exported by this security model cannot
|
|
interact with other unix tools. "none" security model is same as
|
|
passthrough except the sever won't report failures if it fails to
|
|
set file attributes like ownership. Security model is mandatory only
|
|
for local fsdriver. Other fsdrivers (like handle, proxy) don't take security
|
|
model as a parameter.
|
|
@item writeout=@var{writeout}
|
|
This is an optional argument. The only supported value is "immediate".
|
|
This means that host page cache will be used to read and write data but
|
|
write notification will be sent to the guest only when the data has been
|
|
reported as written by the storage subsystem.
|
|
@item readonly
|
|
Enables exporting 9p share as a readonly mount for guests. By default
|
|
read-write access is given.
|
|
@item socket=@var{socket}
|
|
Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket file for
|
|
communicating with virtfs-proxy-helper. Usually a helper like libvirt
|
|
will create socketpair and pass one of the fds as sock_fd
|
|
@item sock_fd
|
|
Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed 'sock_fd' as the socket
|
|
descriptor for interfacing with virtfs-proxy-helper
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("virtfs_synth", 0, QEMU_OPTION_virtfs_synth,
|
|
"-virtfs_synth Create synthetic file system image\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -virtfs_synth
|
|
@findex -virtfs_synth
|
|
Create synthetic file system image
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEFHEADING()
|
|
|
|
DEFHEADING(USB options:)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@table @option
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb,
|
|
"-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -usb
|
|
@findex -usb
|
|
Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice,
|
|
"-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
|
|
@item -usbdevice @var{devname}
|
|
@findex -usbdevice
|
|
Add the USB device @var{devname}. @xref{usb_devices}.
|
|
|
|
@table @option
|
|
|
|
@item mouse
|
|
Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
|
|
|
|
@item tablet
|
|
Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a touchscreen). This
|
|
means QEMU is able to report the mouse position without having to grab the
|
|
mouse. Also overrides the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
|
|
|
|
@item disk:[format=@var{format}]:@var{file}
|
|
Mass storage device based on file. The optional @var{format} argument
|
|
will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to specifiy
|
|
@code{format=raw} to avoid interpreting an untrusted format header.
|
|
|
|
@item host:@var{bus}.@var{addr}
|
|
Pass through the host device identified by @var{bus}.@var{addr} (Linux only).
|
|
|
|
@item host:@var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id}
|
|
Pass through the host device identified by @var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id}
|
|
(Linux only).
|
|
|
|
@item serial:[vendorid=@var{vendor_id}][,productid=@var{product_id}]:@var{dev}
|
|
Serial converter to host character device @var{dev}, see @code{-serial} for the
|
|
available devices.
|
|
|
|
@item braille
|
|
Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real
|
|
or fake device.
|
|
|
|
@item net:@var{options}
|
|
Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEFHEADING()
|
|
|
|
DEFHEADING(Display options:)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@table @option
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("display", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_display,
|
|
"-display sdl[,frame=on|off][,alt_grab=on|off][,ctrl_grab=on|off]\n"
|
|
" [,window_close=on|off]|curses|none|\n"
|
|
" gtk[,grab_on_hover=on|off]|\n"
|
|
" vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]\n"
|
|
" select display type\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -display @var{type}
|
|
@findex -display
|
|
Select type of display to use. This option is a replacement for the
|
|
old style -sdl/-curses/... options. Valid values for @var{type} are
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item sdl
|
|
Display video output via SDL (usually in a separate graphics
|
|
window; see the SDL documentation for other possibilities).
|
|
@item curses
|
|
Display video output via curses. For graphics device models which
|
|
support a text mode, QEMU can display this output using a
|
|
curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed when the graphics
|
|
device is in graphical mode or if the graphics device does not support
|
|
a text mode. Generally only the VGA device models support text mode.
|
|
@item none
|
|
Do not display video output. The guest will still see an emulated
|
|
graphics card, but its output will not be displayed to the QEMU
|
|
user. This option differs from the -nographic option in that it
|
|
only affects what is done with video output; -nographic also changes
|
|
the destination of the serial and parallel port data.
|
|
@item gtk
|
|
Display video output in a GTK window. This interface provides drop-down
|
|
menus and other UI elements to configure and control the VM during
|
|
runtime.
|
|
@item vnc
|
|
Start a VNC server on display <arg>
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("nographic", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nographic,
|
|
"-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -nographic
|
|
@findex -nographic
|
|
Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
|
|
you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple
|
|
command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on
|
|
the console and muxed with the monitor (unless redirected elsewhere
|
|
explicitly). Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel
|
|
with a serial console. Use @key{C-a h} for help on switching between
|
|
the console and monitor.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("curses", 0, QEMU_OPTION_curses,
|
|
"-curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -curses
|
|
@findex -curses
|
|
Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
|
|
QEMU can display the VGA output when in text mode using a
|
|
curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed in graphical mode.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("no-frame", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_frame,
|
|
"-no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -no-frame
|
|
@findex -no-frame
|
|
Do not use decorations for SDL windows and start them using the whole
|
|
available screen space. This makes the using QEMU in a dedicated desktop
|
|
workspace more convenient.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("alt-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab,
|
|
"-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -alt-grab
|
|
@findex -alt-grab
|
|
Use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt). Note that this also
|
|
affects the special keys (for fullscreen, monitor-mode switching, etc).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("ctrl-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_ctrl_grab,
|
|
"-ctrl-grab use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -ctrl-grab
|
|
@findex -ctrl-grab
|
|
Use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt). Note that this also
|
|
affects the special keys (for fullscreen, monitor-mode switching, etc).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("no-quit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_quit,
|
|
"-no-quit disable SDL window close capability\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -no-quit
|
|
@findex -no-quit
|
|
Disable SDL window close capability.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("sdl", 0, QEMU_OPTION_sdl,
|
|
"-sdl enable SDL\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -sdl
|
|
@findex -sdl
|
|
Enable SDL.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("spice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_spice,
|
|
"-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]\n"
|
|
" [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]\n"
|
|
" [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]\n"
|
|
" [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr][,ipv4|ipv6|unix]\n"
|
|
" [,tls-ciphers=<list>]\n"
|
|
" [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]\n"
|
|
" [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]\n"
|
|
" [,sasl][,password=<secret>][,disable-ticketing]\n"
|
|
" [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]\n"
|
|
" [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]\n"
|
|
" [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]\n"
|
|
" [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste]\n"
|
|
" [,disable-agent-file-xfer][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]\n"
|
|
" [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]\n"
|
|
" enable spice\n"
|
|
" at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -spice @var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]
|
|
@findex -spice
|
|
Enable the spice remote desktop protocol. Valid options are
|
|
|
|
@table @option
|
|
|
|
@item port=<nr>
|
|
Set the TCP port spice is listening on for plaintext channels.
|
|
|
|
@item addr=<addr>
|
|
Set the IP address spice is listening on. Default is any address.
|
|
|
|
@item ipv4
|
|
@item ipv6
|
|
@item unix
|
|
Force using the specified IP version.
|
|
|
|
@item password=<secret>
|
|
Set the password you need to authenticate.
|
|
|
|
@item sasl
|
|
Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the spice.
|
|
The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the
|
|
system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This
|
|
is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an
|
|
unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used
|
|
to make it search alternate locations for the service config.
|
|
While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI),
|
|
it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and
|
|
'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This
|
|
ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication
|
|
credentials.
|
|
|
|
@item disable-ticketing
|
|
Allow client connects without authentication.
|
|
|
|
@item disable-copy-paste
|
|
Disable copy paste between the client and the guest.
|
|
|
|
@item disable-agent-file-xfer
|
|
Disable spice-vdagent based file-xfer between the client and the guest.
|
|
|
|
@item tls-port=<nr>
|
|
Set the TCP port spice is listening on for encrypted channels.
|
|
|
|
@item x509-dir=<dir>
|
|
Set the x509 file directory. Expects same filenames as -vnc $display,x509=$dir
|
|
|
|
@item x509-key-file=<file>
|
|
@item x509-key-password=<file>
|
|
@item x509-cert-file=<file>
|
|
@item x509-cacert-file=<file>
|
|
@item x509-dh-key-file=<file>
|
|
The x509 file names can also be configured individually.
|
|
|
|
@item tls-ciphers=<list>
|
|
Specify which ciphers to use.
|
|
|
|
@item tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]
|
|
@item plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]
|
|
Force specific channel to be used with or without TLS encryption. The
|
|
options can be specified multiple times to configure multiple
|
|
channels. The special name "default" can be used to set the default
|
|
mode. For channels which are not explicitly forced into one mode the
|
|
spice client is allowed to pick tls/plaintext as he pleases.
|
|
|
|
@item image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]
|
|
Configure image compression (lossless).
|
|
Default is auto_glz.
|
|
|
|
@item jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]
|
|
@item zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]
|
|
Configure wan image compression (lossy for slow links).
|
|
Default is auto.
|
|
|
|
@item streaming-video=[off|all|filter]
|
|
Configure video stream detection. Default is filter.
|
|
|
|
@item agent-mouse=[on|off]
|
|
Enable/disable passing mouse events via vdagent. Default is on.
|
|
|
|
@item playback-compression=[on|off]
|
|
Enable/disable audio stream compression (using celt 0.5.1). Default is on.
|
|
|
|
@item seamless-migration=[on|off]
|
|
Enable/disable spice seamless migration. Default is off.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("portrait", 0, QEMU_OPTION_portrait,
|
|
"-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -portrait
|
|
@findex -portrait
|
|
Rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("rotate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rotate,
|
|
"-rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -rotate @var{deg}
|
|
@findex -rotate
|
|
Rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("vga", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vga,
|
|
"-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|none]\n"
|
|
" select video card type\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -vga @var{type}
|
|
@findex -vga
|
|
Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for @var{type} are
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item cirrus
|
|
Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card. All Windows versions starting from
|
|
Windows 95 should recognize and use this graphic card. For optimal
|
|
performances, use 16 bit color depth in the guest and the host OS.
|
|
(This one is the default)
|
|
@item std
|
|
Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions. If your guest OS
|
|
supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g. Windows XP) and if you want
|
|
to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then you should use
|
|
this option.
|
|
@item vmware
|
|
VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter. Use it if you have sufficiently
|
|
recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows guest with a driver for this
|
|
card.
|
|
@item qxl
|
|
QXL paravirtual graphic card. It is VGA compatible (including VESA
|
|
2.0 VBE support). Works best with qxl guest drivers installed though.
|
|
Recommended choice when using the spice protocol.
|
|
@item tcx
|
|
(sun4m only) Sun TCX framebuffer. This is the default framebuffer for
|
|
sun4m machines and offers both 8-bit and 24-bit colour depths at a
|
|
fixed resolution of 1024x768.
|
|
@item cg3
|
|
(sun4m only) Sun cgthree framebuffer. This is a simple 8-bit framebuffer
|
|
for sun4m machines available in both 1024x768 (OpenBIOS) and 1152x900 (OBP)
|
|
resolutions aimed at people wishing to run older Solaris versions.
|
|
@item none
|
|
Disable VGA card.
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("full-screen", 0, QEMU_OPTION_full_screen,
|
|
"-full-screen start in full screen\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -full-screen
|
|
@findex -full-screen
|
|
Start in full screen.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("g", 1, QEMU_OPTION_g ,
|
|
"-g WxH[xDEPTH] Set the initial graphical resolution and depth\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -g @var{width}x@var{height}[x@var{depth}]
|
|
@findex -g
|
|
Set the initial graphical resolution and depth (PPC, SPARC only).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("vnc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vnc ,
|
|
"-vnc display start a VNC server on display\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -vnc @var{display}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]
|
|
@findex -vnc
|
|
Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
|
|
you can have QEMU listen on VNC display @var{display} and redirect the VGA
|
|
display over the VNC session. It is very useful to enable the usb
|
|
tablet device when using this option (option @option{-usbdevice
|
|
tablet}). When using the VNC display, you must use the @option{-k}
|
|
parameter to set the keyboard layout if you are not using en-us. Valid
|
|
syntax for the @var{display} is
|
|
|
|
@table @option
|
|
|
|
@item @var{host}:@var{d}
|
|
|
|
TCP connections will only be allowed from @var{host} on display @var{d}.
|
|
By convention the TCP port is 5900+@var{d}. Optionally, @var{host} can
|
|
be omitted in which case the server will accept connections from any host.
|
|
|
|
@item unix:@var{path}
|
|
|
|
Connections will be allowed over UNIX domain sockets where @var{path} is the
|
|
location of a unix socket to listen for connections on.
|
|
|
|
@item none
|
|
|
|
VNC is initialized but not started. The monitor @code{change} command
|
|
can be used to later start the VNC server.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Following the @var{display} value there may be one or more @var{option} flags
|
|
separated by commas. Valid options are
|
|
|
|
@table @option
|
|
|
|
@item reverse
|
|
|
|
Connect to a listening VNC client via a ``reverse'' connection. The
|
|
client is specified by the @var{display}. For reverse network
|
|
connections (@var{host}:@var{d},@code{reverse}), the @var{d} argument
|
|
is a TCP port number, not a display number.
|
|
|
|
@item websocket
|
|
|
|
Opens an additional TCP listening port dedicated to VNC Websocket connections.
|
|
By definition the Websocket port is 5700+@var{display}. If @var{host} is
|
|
specified connections will only be allowed from this host.
|
|
As an alternative the Websocket port could be specified by using
|
|
@code{websocket}=@var{port}.
|
|
TLS encryption for the Websocket connection is supported if the required
|
|
certificates are specified with the VNC option @option{x509}.
|
|
|
|
@item password
|
|
|
|
Require that password based authentication is used for client connections.
|
|
|
|
The password must be set separately using the @code{set_password} command in
|
|
the @ref{pcsys_monitor}. The syntax to change your password is:
|
|
@code{set_password <protocol> <password>} where <protocol> could be either
|
|
"vnc" or "spice".
|
|
|
|
If you would like to change <protocol> password expiration, you should use
|
|
@code{expire_password <protocol> <expiration-time>} where expiration time could
|
|
be one of the following options: now, never, +seconds or UNIX time of
|
|
expiration, e.g. +60 to make password expire in 60 seconds, or 1335196800
|
|
to make password expire on "Mon Apr 23 12:00:00 EDT 2012" (UNIX time for this
|
|
date and time).
|
|
|
|
You can also use keywords "now" or "never" for the expiration time to
|
|
allow <protocol> password to expire immediately or never expire.
|
|
|
|
@item tls
|
|
|
|
Require that client use TLS when communicating with the VNC server. This
|
|
uses anonymous TLS credentials so is susceptible to a man-in-the-middle
|
|
attack. It is recommended that this option be combined with either the
|
|
@option{x509} or @option{x509verify} options.
|
|
|
|
@item x509=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir}
|
|
|
|
Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used
|
|
for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate
|
|
to the client. It is recommended that a password be set on the VNC server
|
|
to provide authentication of the client when this is used. The path following
|
|
this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to be loaded from.
|
|
See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating certificates.
|
|
|
|
@item x509verify=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir}
|
|
|
|
Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used
|
|
for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate
|
|
to the client, and request that the client send its own x509 certificate.
|
|
The server will validate the client's certificate against the CA certificate,
|
|
and reject clients when validation fails. If the certificate authority is
|
|
trusted, this is a sufficient authentication mechanism. You may still wish
|
|
to set a password on the VNC server as a second authentication layer. The
|
|
path following this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to
|
|
be loaded from. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating
|
|
certificates.
|
|
|
|
@item sasl
|
|
|
|
Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the VNC server.
|
|
The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the
|
|
system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This
|
|
is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an
|
|
unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used
|
|
to make it search alternate locations for the service config.
|
|
While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI),
|
|
it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and
|
|
'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This
|
|
ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication
|
|
credentials. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on using
|
|
SASL authentication.
|
|
|
|
@item acl
|
|
|
|
Turn on access control lists for checking of the x509 client certificate
|
|
and SASL party. For x509 certs, the ACL check is made against the
|
|
certificate's distinguished name. This is something that looks like
|
|
@code{C=GB,O=ACME,L=Boston,CN=bob}. For SASL party, the ACL check is
|
|
made against the username, which depending on the SASL plugin, may
|
|
include a realm component, eg @code{bob} or @code{bob@@EXAMPLE.COM}.
|
|
When the @option{acl} flag is set, the initial access list will be
|
|
empty, with a @code{deny} policy. Thus no one will be allowed to
|
|
use the VNC server until the ACLs have been loaded. This can be
|
|
achieved using the @code{acl} monitor command.
|
|
|
|
@item lossy
|
|
|
|
Enable lossy compression methods (gradient, JPEG, ...). If this
|
|
option is set, VNC client may receive lossy framebuffer updates
|
|
depending on its encoding settings. Enabling this option can save
|
|
a lot of bandwidth at the expense of quality.
|
|
|
|
@item non-adaptive
|
|
|
|
Disable adaptive encodings. Adaptive encodings are enabled by default.
|
|
An adaptive encoding will try to detect frequently updated screen regions,
|
|
and send updates in these regions using a lossy encoding (like JPEG).
|
|
This can be really helpful to save bandwidth when playing videos. Disabling
|
|
adaptive encodings restores the original static behavior of encodings
|
|
like Tight.
|
|
|
|
@item share=[allow-exclusive|force-shared|ignore]
|
|
|
|
Set display sharing policy. 'allow-exclusive' allows clients to ask
|
|
for exclusive access. As suggested by the rfb spec this is
|
|
implemented by dropping other connections. Connecting multiple
|
|
clients in parallel requires all clients asking for a shared session
|
|
(vncviewer: -shared switch). This is the default. 'force-shared'
|
|
disables exclusive client access. Useful for shared desktop sessions,
|
|
where you don't want someone forgetting specify -shared disconnect
|
|
everybody else. 'ignore' completely ignores the shared flag and
|
|
allows everybody connect unconditionally. Doesn't conform to the rfb
|
|
spec but is traditional QEMU behavior.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
ARCHHEADING(, QEMU_ARCH_I386)
|
|
|
|
ARCHHEADING(i386 target only:, QEMU_ARCH_I386)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@table @option
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("win2k-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack,
|
|
"-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_I386)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -win2k-hack
|
|
@findex -win2k-hack
|
|
Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After
|
|
Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option
|
|
slows down the IDE transfers).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
HXCOMM Deprecated by -rtc
|
|
DEF("rtc-td-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_rtc_td_hack, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
|
|
|
|
DEF("no-fd-bootchk", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk,
|
|
"-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_I386)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -no-fd-bootchk
|
|
@findex -no-fd-bootchk
|
|
Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in BIOS. May
|
|
be needed to boot from old floppy disks.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("no-acpi", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi,
|
|
"-no-acpi disable ACPI\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386 | QEMU_ARCH_ARM)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -no-acpi
|
|
@findex -no-acpi
|
|
Disable ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) support. Use
|
|
it if your guest OS complains about ACPI problems (PC target machine
|
|
only).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("no-hpet", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet,
|
|
"-no-hpet disable HPET\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -no-hpet
|
|
@findex -no-hpet
|
|
Disable HPET support.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("acpitable", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_acpitable,
|
|
"-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...]\n"
|
|
" ACPI table description\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -acpitable [sig=@var{str}][,rev=@var{n}][,oem_id=@var{str}][,oem_table_id=@var{str}][,oem_rev=@var{n}] [,asl_compiler_id=@var{str}][,asl_compiler_rev=@var{n}][,data=@var{file1}[:@var{file2}]...]
|
|
@findex -acpitable
|
|
Add ACPI table with specified header fields and context from specified files.
|
|
For file=, take whole ACPI table from the specified files, including all
|
|
ACPI headers (possible overridden by other options).
|
|
For data=, only data
|
|
portion of the table is used, all header information is specified in the
|
|
command line.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("smbios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smbios,
|
|
"-smbios file=binary\n"
|
|
" load SMBIOS entry from binary file\n"
|
|
"-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]\n"
|
|
" [,uefi=on|off]\n"
|
|
" specify SMBIOS type 0 fields\n"
|
|
"-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n"
|
|
" [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]\n"
|
|
" specify SMBIOS type 1 fields\n"
|
|
"-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n"
|
|
" [,asset=str][,location=str]\n"
|
|
" specify SMBIOS type 2 fields\n"
|
|
"-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]\n"
|
|
" [,sku=str]\n"
|
|
" specify SMBIOS type 3 fields\n"
|
|
"-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n"
|
|
" [,asset=str][,part=str]\n"
|
|
" specify SMBIOS type 4 fields\n"
|
|
"-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]\n"
|
|
" [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]\n"
|
|
" specify SMBIOS type 17 fields\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_I386)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -smbios file=@var{binary}
|
|
@findex -smbios
|
|
Load SMBIOS entry from binary file.
|
|
|
|
@item -smbios type=0[,vendor=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,date=@var{str}][,release=@var{%d.%d}][,uefi=on|off]
|
|
Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
|
|
|
|
@item -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=@var{str}][,product=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,uuid=@var{uuid}][,sku=@var{str}][,family=@var{str}]
|
|
Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
|
|
|
|
@item -smbios type=2[,manufacturer=@var{str}][,product=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,asset=@var{str}][,location=@var{str}][,family=@var{str}]
|
|
Specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
|
|
|
|
@item -smbios type=3[,manufacturer=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,asset=@var{str}][,sku=@var{str}]
|
|
Specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
|
|
|
|
@item -smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=@var{str}][,manufacturer=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,asset=@var{str}][,part=@var{str}]
|
|
Specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
|
|
|
|
@item -smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=@var{str}][,bank=@var{str}][,manufacturer=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,asset=@var{str}][,part=@var{str}][,speed=@var{%d}]
|
|
Specify SMBIOS type 17 fields
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEFHEADING()
|
|
|
|
DEFHEADING(Network options:)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@table @option
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
HXCOMM Legacy slirp options (now moved to -net user):
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
|
|
DEF("tftp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tftp, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
DEF("bootp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bootp, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
DEF("redir", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_redir, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
#ifndef _WIN32
|
|
DEF("smb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
#endif
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
DEF("netdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_netdev,
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
|
|
"-netdev user,id=str[,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=on|off]\n"
|
|
" [,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,tftp=dir]\n"
|
|
" [,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule]"
|
|
#ifndef _WIN32
|
|
"[,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]\n"
|
|
#endif
|
|
" configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',\n"
|
|
" its DHCP server and optional services\n"
|
|
#endif
|
|
#ifdef _WIN32
|
|
"-netdev tap,id=str,ifname=name\n"
|
|
" configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'\n"
|
|
#else
|
|
"-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]\n"
|
|
" [,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]\n"
|
|
" [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]\n"
|
|
" configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'\n"
|
|
" use network scripts 'file' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_SCRIPT ")\n"
|
|
" to configure it and 'dfile' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_DOWN_SCRIPT ")\n"
|
|
" to deconfigure it\n"
|
|
" use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution\n"
|
|
" use network helper 'helper' (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_HELPER ") to\n"
|
|
" configure it\n"
|
|
" use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface\n"
|
|
" use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces\n"
|
|
" use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the\n"
|
|
" default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')\n"
|
|
" use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag\n"
|
|
" use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition\n"
|
|
" use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator\n"
|
|
" (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)\n"
|
|
" use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests\n"
|
|
" use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device\n"
|
|
" use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices\n"
|
|
" use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP\n"
|
|
"-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]\n"
|
|
" configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is\n"
|
|
" connected to a bridge (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_INTERFACE ")\n"
|
|
" using the program 'helper (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_HELPER ")\n"
|
|
#endif
|
|
#ifdef __linux__
|
|
"-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]\n"
|
|
" [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on/off][,udp=on/off]\n"
|
|
" [,cookie64=on/off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]\n"
|
|
" [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]\n"
|
|
" configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to\n"
|
|
" an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.\n"
|
|
" Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk\n"
|
|
" L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,\n"
|
|
" VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal\n"
|
|
" standard (RFC3391). Note - this implementation uses static\n"
|
|
" pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).\n"
|
|
" use 'src=' to specify source address\n"
|
|
" use 'dst=' to specify destination address\n"
|
|
" use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation\n"
|
|
" use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port\n"
|
|
" use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port\n"
|
|
" use 'ipv6=on' to force v6\n"
|
|
" L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as\n"
|
|
" well as a weak security measure\n"
|
|
" use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie\n"
|
|
" use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie\n"
|
|
" use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32\n"
|
|
" use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter\n"
|
|
" use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer\n"
|
|
" use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data\n"
|
|
#endif
|
|
"-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]\n"
|
|
" configure a network backend to connect to another network\n"
|
|
" using a socket connection\n"
|
|
"-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]\n"
|
|
" configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port\n"
|
|
" use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from\n"
|
|
"-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]\n"
|
|
" configure a network backend to connect to another network\n"
|
|
" using an UDP tunnel\n"
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_VDE
|
|
"-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]\n"
|
|
" configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch\n"
|
|
" running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.\n"
|
|
" Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default\n"
|
|
" ownership and permissions for communication port.\n"
|
|
#endif
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP
|
|
"-netdev netmap,id=str,ifname=name[,devname=nmname]\n"
|
|
" attach to the existing netmap-enabled network interface 'name', or to a\n"
|
|
" VALE port (created on the fly) called 'name' ('nmname' is name of the \n"
|
|
" netmap device, defaults to '/dev/netmap')\n"
|
|
#endif
|
|
"-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]\n"
|
|
" configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'\n"
|
|
"-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n\n"
|
|
" configure a hub port on QEMU VLAN 'n'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
DEF("net", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_net,
|
|
"-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]\n"
|
|
" old way to create a new NIC and connect it to VLAN 'n'\n"
|
|
" (use the '-device devtype,netdev=str' option if possible instead)\n"
|
|
"-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]\n"
|
|
" dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)\n"
|
|
"-net none use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option\n"
|
|
" is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'\n"
|
|
"-net ["
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
|
|
"user|"
|
|
#endif
|
|
"tap|"
|
|
"bridge|"
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_VDE
|
|
"vde|"
|
|
#endif
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_NETMAP
|
|
"netmap|"
|
|
#endif
|
|
"socket][,vlan=n][,option][,option][,...]\n"
|
|
" old way to initialize a host network interface\n"
|
|
" (use the -netdev option if possible instead)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -net nic[,vlan=@var{n}][,macaddr=@var{mac}][,model=@var{type}] [,name=@var{name}][,addr=@var{addr}][,vectors=@var{v}]
|
|
@findex -net
|
|
Create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n}
|
|
= 0 is the default). The NIC is an e1000 by default on the PC
|
|
target. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to @var{mac}, the
|
|
device address set to @var{addr} (PCI cards only),
|
|
and a @var{name} can be assigned for use in monitor commands.
|
|
Optionally, for PCI cards, you can specify the number @var{v} of MSI-X vectors
|
|
that the card should have; this option currently only affects virtio cards; set
|
|
@var{v} = 0 to disable MSI-X. If no @option{-net} option is specified, a single
|
|
NIC is created. QEMU can emulate several different models of network card.
|
|
Valid values for @var{type} are
|
|
@code{virtio}, @code{i82551}, @code{i82557b}, @code{i82559er},
|
|
@code{ne2k_pci}, @code{ne2k_isa}, @code{pcnet}, @code{rtl8139},
|
|
@code{e1000}, @code{smc91c111}, @code{lance} and @code{mcf_fec}.
|
|
Not all devices are supported on all targets. Use @code{-net nic,model=help}
|
|
for a list of available devices for your target.
|
|
|
|
@item -netdev user,id=@var{id}[,@var{option}][,@var{option}][,...]
|
|
@findex -netdev
|
|
@item -net user[,@var{option}][,@var{option}][,...]
|
|
Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator
|
|
privilege to run. Valid options are:
|
|
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item vlan=@var{n}
|
|
Connect user mode stack to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n} = 0 is the default).
|
|
|
|
@item id=@var{id}
|
|
@item name=@var{name}
|
|
Assign symbolic name for use in monitor commands.
|
|
|
|
@item net=@var{addr}[/@var{mask}]
|
|
Set IP network address the guest will see. Optionally specify the netmask,
|
|
either in the form a.b.c.d or as number of valid top-most bits. Default is
|
|
10.0.2.0/24.
|
|
|
|
@item host=@var{addr}
|
|
Specify the guest-visible address of the host. Default is the 2nd IP in the
|
|
guest network, i.e. x.x.x.2.
|
|
|
|
@item restrict=on|off
|
|
If this option is enabled, the guest will be isolated, i.e. it will not be
|
|
able to contact the host and no guest IP packets will be routed over the host
|
|
to the outside. This option does not affect any explicitly set forwarding rules.
|
|
|
|
@item hostname=@var{name}
|
|
Specifies the client hostname reported by the built-in DHCP server.
|
|
|
|
@item dhcpstart=@var{addr}
|
|
Specify the first of the 16 IPs the built-in DHCP server can assign. Default
|
|
is the 15th to 31st IP in the guest network, i.e. x.x.x.15 to x.x.x.31.
|
|
|
|
@item dns=@var{addr}
|
|
Specify the guest-visible address of the virtual nameserver. The address must
|
|
be different from the host address. Default is the 3rd IP in the guest network,
|
|
i.e. x.x.x.3.
|
|
|
|
@item dnssearch=@var{domain}
|
|
Provides an entry for the domain-search list sent by the built-in
|
|
DHCP server. More than one domain suffix can be transmitted by specifying
|
|
this option multiple times. If supported, this will cause the guest to
|
|
automatically try to append the given domain suffix(es) in case a domain name
|
|
can not be resolved.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu -net user,dnssearch=mgmt.example.org,dnssearch=example.org [...]
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item tftp=@var{dir}
|
|
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP
|
|
server. The files in @var{dir} will be exposed as the root of a TFTP server.
|
|
The TFTP client on the guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command
|
|
@code{bin} of the Unix TFTP client).
|
|
|
|
@item bootfile=@var{file}
|
|
When using the user mode network stack, broadcast @var{file} as the BOOTP
|
|
filename. In conjunction with @option{tftp}, this can be used to network boot
|
|
a guest from a local directory.
|
|
|
|
Example (using pxelinux):
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -hda linux.img -boot n -net user,tftp=/path/to/tftp/files,bootfile=/pxelinux.0
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item smb=@var{dir}[,smbserver=@var{addr}]
|
|
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB
|
|
server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in @file{@var{dir}}
|
|
transparently. The IP address of the SMB server can be set to @var{addr}. By
|
|
default the 4th IP in the guest network is used, i.e. x.x.x.4.
|
|
|
|
In the guest Windows OS, the line:
|
|
@example
|
|
10.0.2.4 smbserver
|
|
@end example
|
|
must be added in the file @file{C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS} (for windows 9x/Me)
|
|
or @file{C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS} (Windows NT/2000).
|
|
|
|
Then @file{@var{dir}} can be accessed in @file{\\smbserver\qemu}.
|
|
|
|
Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS.
|
|
QEMU was tested successfully with smbd versions from Red Hat 9,
|
|
Fedora Core 3 and OpenSUSE 11.x.
|
|
|
|
@item hostfwd=[tcp|udp]:[@var{hostaddr}]:@var{hostport}-[@var{guestaddr}]:@var{guestport}
|
|
Redirect incoming TCP or UDP connections to the host port @var{hostport} to
|
|
the guest IP address @var{guestaddr} on guest port @var{guestport}. If
|
|
@var{guestaddr} is not specified, its value is x.x.x.15 (default first address
|
|
given by the built-in DHCP server). By specifying @var{hostaddr}, the rule can
|
|
be bound to a specific host interface. If no connection type is set, TCP is
|
|
used. This option can be given multiple times.
|
|
|
|
For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest
|
|
screen 0, use the following:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
# on the host
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -net user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000 [...]
|
|
# this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server
|
|
xterm -display :1
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on
|
|
the guest, use the following:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
# on the host
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:23 [...]
|
|
telnet localhost 5555
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Then when you use on the host @code{telnet localhost 5555}, you
|
|
connect to the guest telnet server.
|
|
|
|
@item guestfwd=[tcp]:@var{server}:@var{port}-@var{dev}
|
|
@item guestfwd=[tcp]:@var{server}:@var{port}-@var{cmd:command}
|
|
Forward guest TCP connections to the IP address @var{server} on port @var{port}
|
|
to the character device @var{dev} or to a program executed by @var{cmd:command}
|
|
which gets spawned for each connection. This option can be given multiple times.
|
|
|
|
You can either use a chardev directly and have that one used throughout QEMU's
|
|
lifetime, like in the following example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
# open 10.10.1.1:4321 on bootup, connect 10.0.2.100:1234 to it whenever
|
|
# the guest accesses it
|
|
qemu -net user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-tcp:10.10.1.1:4321 [...]
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Or you can execute a command on every TCP connection established by the guest,
|
|
so that QEMU behaves similar to an inetd process for that virtual server:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
# call "netcat 10.10.1.1 4321" on every TCP connection to 10.0.2.100:1234
|
|
# and connect the TCP stream to its stdin/stdout
|
|
qemu -net 'user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-cmd:netcat 10.10.1.1 4321'
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Note: Legacy stand-alone options -tftp, -bootp, -smb and -redir are still
|
|
processed and applied to -net user. Mixing them with the new configuration
|
|
syntax gives undefined results. Their use for new applications is discouraged
|
|
as they will be removed from future versions.
|
|
|
|
@item -netdev tap,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}][,helper=@var{helper}]
|
|
@item -net tap[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}][,helper=@var{helper}]
|
|
Connect the host TAP network interface @var{name} to VLAN @var{n}.
|
|
|
|
Use the network script @var{file} to configure it and the network script
|
|
@var{dfile} to deconfigure it. If @var{name} is not provided, the OS
|
|
automatically provides one. The default network configure script is
|
|
@file{/etc/qemu-ifup} and the default network deconfigure script is
|
|
@file{/etc/qemu-ifdown}. Use @option{script=no} or @option{downscript=no}
|
|
to disable script execution.
|
|
|
|
If running QEMU as an unprivileged user, use the network helper
|
|
@var{helper} to configure the TAP interface. The default network
|
|
helper executable is @file{/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper}.
|
|
|
|
@option{fd}=@var{h} can be used to specify the handle of an already
|
|
opened host TAP interface.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#launch a QEMU instance with the default network script
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net nic -net tap
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#launch a QEMU instance with two NICs, each one connected
|
|
#to a TAP device
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
|
|
-net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \
|
|
-net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to
|
|
#connect a TAP device to bridge br0
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
|
|
-net nic -net tap,"helper=/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper"
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item -netdev bridge,id=@var{id}[,br=@var{bridge}][,helper=@var{helper}]
|
|
@item -net bridge[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,br=@var{bridge}][,helper=@var{helper}]
|
|
Connect a host TAP network interface to a host bridge device.
|
|
|
|
Use the network helper @var{helper} to configure the TAP interface and
|
|
attach it to the bridge. The default network helper executable is
|
|
@file{/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper} and the default bridge
|
|
device is @file{br0}.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to
|
|
#connect a TAP device to bridge br0
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net bridge -net nic,model=virtio
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to
|
|
#connect a TAP device to bridge qemubr0
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net bridge,br=qemubr0 -net nic,model=virtio
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item -netdev socket,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}]
|
|
@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}] [,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}]
|
|
|
|
Connect the VLAN @var{n} to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual
|
|
machine using a TCP socket connection. If @option{listen} is
|
|
specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on @var{port}
|
|
(@var{host} is optional). @option{connect} is used to connect to
|
|
another QEMU instance using the @option{listen} option. @option{fd}=@var{h}
|
|
specifies an already opened TCP socket.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
@example
|
|
# launch a first QEMU instance
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
|
|
-net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
|
|
-net socket,listen=:1234
|
|
# connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0
|
|
# of the first instance
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
|
|
-net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
|
|
-net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item -netdev socket,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}[,localaddr=@var{addr}]]
|
|
@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}[,localaddr=@var{addr}]]
|
|
|
|
Create a VLAN @var{n} shared with another QEMU virtual
|
|
machines using a UDP multicast socket, effectively making a bus for
|
|
every QEMU with same multicast address @var{maddr} and @var{port}.
|
|
NOTES:
|
|
@enumerate
|
|
@item
|
|
Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same bus (assuming
|
|
correct multicast setup for these hosts).
|
|
@item
|
|
mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument @option{eth@var{N}=mcast}), see
|
|
@url{http://user-mode-linux.sf.net}.
|
|
@item
|
|
Use @option{fd=h} to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket.
|
|
@end enumerate
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
@example
|
|
# launch one QEMU instance
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
|
|
-net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
|
|
-net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
|
|
# launch another QEMU instance on same "bus"
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
|
|
-net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
|
|
-net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
|
|
# launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus"
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
|
|
-net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \
|
|
-net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Example (User Mode Linux compat.):
|
|
@example
|
|
# launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected
|
|
# is UML's default)
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
|
|
-net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
|
|
-net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102
|
|
# launch UML
|
|
/path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Example (send packets from host's 1.2.3.4):
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
|
|
-net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
|
|
-net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102,localaddr=1.2.3.4
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item -netdev l2tpv3,id=@var{id},src=@var{srcaddr},dst=@var{dstaddr}[,srcport=@var{srcport}][,dstport=@var{dstport}],txsession=@var{txsession}[,rxsession=@var{rxsession}][,ipv6][,udp][,cookie64][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=@var{txcookie}][,rxcookie=@var{rxcookie}][,offset=@var{offset}]
|
|
@item -net l2tpv3[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}],src=@var{srcaddr},dst=@var{dstaddr}[,srcport=@var{srcport}][,dstport=@var{dstport}],txsession=@var{txsession}[,rxsession=@var{rxsession}][,ipv6][,udp][,cookie64][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=@var{txcookie}][,rxcookie=@var{rxcookie}][,offset=@var{offset}]
|
|
Connect VLAN @var{n} to L2TPv3 pseudowire. L2TPv3 (RFC3391) is a popular
|
|
protocol to transport Ethernet (and other Layer 2) data frames between
|
|
two systems. It is present in routers, firewalls and the Linux kernel
|
|
(from version 3.3 onwards).
|
|
|
|
This transport allows a VM to communicate to another VM, router or firewall directly.
|
|
|
|
@item src=@var{srcaddr}
|
|
source address (mandatory)
|
|
@item dst=@var{dstaddr}
|
|
destination address (mandatory)
|
|
@item udp
|
|
select udp encapsulation (default is ip).
|
|
@item srcport=@var{srcport}
|
|
source udp port.
|
|
@item dstport=@var{dstport}
|
|
destination udp port.
|
|
@item ipv6
|
|
force v6, otherwise defaults to v4.
|
|
@item rxcookie=@var{rxcookie}
|
|
@item txcookie=@var{txcookie}
|
|
Cookies are a weak form of security in the l2tpv3 specification.
|
|
Their function is mostly to prevent misconfiguration. By default they are 32
|
|
bit.
|
|
@item cookie64
|
|
Set cookie size to 64 bit instead of the default 32
|
|
@item counter=off
|
|
Force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter as in
|
|
draft-mkonstan-l2tpext-keyed-ipv6-tunnel-00
|
|
@item pincounter=on
|
|
Work around broken counter handling in peer. This may also help on
|
|
networks which have packet reorder.
|
|
@item offset=@var{offset}
|
|
Add an extra offset between header and data
|
|
|
|
For example, to attach a VM running on host 4.3.2.1 via L2TPv3 to the bridge br-lan
|
|
on the remote Linux host 1.2.3.4:
|
|
@example
|
|
# Setup tunnel on linux host using raw ip as encapsulation
|
|
# on 1.2.3.4
|
|
ip l2tp add tunnel remote 4.3.2.1 local 1.2.3.4 tunnel_id 1 peer_tunnel_id 1 \
|
|
encap udp udp_sport 16384 udp_dport 16384
|
|
ip l2tp add session tunnel_id 1 name vmtunnel0 session_id \
|
|
0xFFFFFFFF peer_session_id 0xFFFFFFFF
|
|
ifconfig vmtunnel0 mtu 1500
|
|
ifconfig vmtunnel0 up
|
|
brctl addif br-lan vmtunnel0
|
|
|
|
|
|
# on 4.3.2.1
|
|
# launch QEMU instance - if your network has reorder or is very lossy add ,pincounter
|
|
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net nic -net l2tpv3,src=4.2.3.1,dst=1.2.3.4,udp,srcport=16384,dstport=16384,rxsession=0xffffffff,txsession=0xffffffff,counter
|
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item -netdev vde,id=@var{id}[,sock=@var{socketpath}][,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}]
|
|
@item -net vde[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,sock=@var{socketpath}] [,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}]
|
|
Connect VLAN @var{n} to PORT @var{n} of a vde switch running on host and
|
|
listening for incoming connections on @var{socketpath}. Use GROUP @var{groupname}
|
|
and MODE @var{octalmode} to change default ownership and permissions for
|
|
communication port. This option is only available if QEMU has been compiled
|
|
with vde support enabled.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
@example
|
|
# launch vde switch
|
|
vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch
|
|
# launch QEMU instance
|
|
qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net nic -net vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item -netdev hubport,id=@var{id},hubid=@var{hubid}
|
|
|
|
Create a hub port on QEMU "vlan" @var{hubid}.
|
|
|
|
The hubport netdev lets you connect a NIC to a QEMU "vlan" instead of a single
|
|
netdev. @code{-net} and @code{-device} with parameter @option{vlan} create the
|
|
required hub automatically.
|
|
|
|
@item -netdev vhost-user,chardev=@var{id}[,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
|
|
|
|
Establish a vhost-user netdev, backed by a chardev @var{id}. The chardev should
|
|
be a unix domain socket backed one. The vhost-user uses a specifically defined
|
|
protocol to pass vhost ioctl replacement messages to an application on the other
|
|
end of the socket. On non-MSIX guests, the feature can be forced with
|
|
@var{vhostforce}. Use 'queues=@var{n}' to specify the number of queues to
|
|
be created for multiqueue vhost-user.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu -m 512 -object memory-backend-file,id=mem,size=512M,mem-path=/hugetlbfs,share=on \
|
|
-numa node,memdev=mem \
|
|
-chardev socket,path=/path/to/socket \
|
|
-netdev type=vhost-user,id=net0,chardev=chr0 \
|
|
-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item -net dump[,vlan=@var{n}][,file=@var{file}][,len=@var{len}]
|
|
Dump network traffic on VLAN @var{n} to file @var{file} (@file{qemu-vlan0.pcap} by default).
|
|
At most @var{len} bytes (64k by default) per packet are stored. The file format is
|
|
libpcap, so it can be analyzed with tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark.
|
|
|
|
@item -net none
|
|
Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to
|
|
override the default configuration (@option{-net nic -net user}) which
|
|
is activated if no @option{-net} options are provided.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEFHEADING()
|
|
|
|
DEFHEADING(Character device options:)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
|
|
The general form of a character device option is:
|
|
@table @option
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("chardev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chardev,
|
|
"-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
"-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay][,reconnect=seconds]\n"
|
|
" [,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off] (tcp)\n"
|
|
"-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off] (unix)\n"
|
|
"-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]\n"
|
|
" [,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
"-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
"-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]\n"
|
|
" [,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
"-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size]\n"
|
|
"-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
"-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
#ifdef _WIN32
|
|
"-chardev console,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
"-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
#else
|
|
"-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
"-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off]\n"
|
|
#endif
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_BRLAPI
|
|
"-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
#endif
|
|
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
|
|
|| defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
|
|
"-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
"-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
#endif
|
|
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
|
|
"-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
"-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
|
|
#endif
|
|
#if defined(CONFIG_SPICE)
|
|
"-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug]\n"
|
|
"-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug]\n"
|
|
#endif
|
|
, QEMU_ARCH_ALL
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -chardev @var{backend} ,id=@var{id} [,mux=on|off] [,@var{options}]
|
|
@findex -chardev
|
|
Backend is one of:
|
|
@option{null},
|
|
@option{socket},
|
|
@option{udp},
|
|
@option{msmouse},
|
|
@option{vc},
|
|
@option{ringbuf},
|
|
@option{file},
|
|
@option{pipe},
|
|
@option{console},
|
|
@option{serial},
|
|
@option{pty},
|
|
@option{stdio},
|
|
@option{braille},
|
|
@option{tty},
|
|
@option{parallel},
|
|
@option{parport},
|
|
@option{spicevmc}.
|
|
@option{spiceport}.
|
|
The specific backend will determine the applicable options.
|
|
|
|
All devices must have an id, which can be any string up to 127 characters long.
|
|
It is used to uniquely identify this device in other command line directives.
|
|
|
|
A character device may be used in multiplexing mode by multiple front-ends.
|
|
The key sequence of @key{Control-a} and @key{c} will rotate the input focus
|
|
between attached front-ends. Specify @option{mux=on} to enable this mode.
|
|
|
|
Options to each backend are described below.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev null ,id=@var{id}
|
|
A void device. This device will not emit any data, and will drop any data it
|
|
receives. The null backend does not take any options.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev socket ,id=@var{id} [@var{TCP options} or @var{unix options}] [,server] [,nowait] [,telnet] [,reconnect=@var{seconds}]
|
|
|
|
Create a two-way stream socket, which can be either a TCP or a unix socket. A
|
|
unix socket will be created if @option{path} is specified. Behaviour is
|
|
undefined if TCP options are specified for a unix socket.
|
|
|
|
@option{server} specifies that the socket shall be a listening socket.
|
|
|
|
@option{nowait} specifies that QEMU should not block waiting for a client to
|
|
connect to a listening socket.
|
|
|
|
@option{telnet} specifies that traffic on the socket should interpret telnet
|
|
escape sequences.
|
|
|
|
@option{reconnect} sets the timeout for reconnecting on non-server sockets when
|
|
the remote end goes away. qemu will delay this many seconds and then attempt
|
|
to reconnect. Zero disables reconnecting, and is the default.
|
|
|
|
TCP and unix socket options are given below:
|
|
|
|
@table @option
|
|
|
|
@item TCP options: port=@var{port} [,host=@var{host}] [,to=@var{to}] [,ipv4] [,ipv6] [,nodelay]
|
|
|
|
@option{host} for a listening socket specifies the local address to be bound.
|
|
For a connecting socket species the remote host to connect to. @option{host} is
|
|
optional for listening sockets. If not specified it defaults to @code{0.0.0.0}.
|
|
|
|
@option{port} for a listening socket specifies the local port to be bound. For a
|
|
connecting socket specifies the port on the remote host to connect to.
|
|
@option{port} can be given as either a port number or a service name.
|
|
@option{port} is required.
|
|
|
|
@option{to} is only relevant to listening sockets. If it is specified, and
|
|
@option{port} cannot be bound, QEMU will attempt to bind to subsequent ports up
|
|
to and including @option{to} until it succeeds. @option{to} must be specified
|
|
as a port number.
|
|
|
|
@option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used.
|
|
If neither is specified the socket may use either protocol.
|
|
|
|
@option{nodelay} disables the Nagle algorithm.
|
|
|
|
@item unix options: path=@var{path}
|
|
|
|
@option{path} specifies the local path of the unix socket. @option{path} is
|
|
required.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev udp ,id=@var{id} [,host=@var{host}] ,port=@var{port} [,localaddr=@var{localaddr}] [,localport=@var{localport}] [,ipv4] [,ipv6]
|
|
|
|
Sends all traffic from the guest to a remote host over UDP.
|
|
|
|
@option{host} specifies the remote host to connect to. If not specified it
|
|
defaults to @code{localhost}.
|
|
|
|
@option{port} specifies the port on the remote host to connect to. @option{port}
|
|
is required.
|
|
|
|
@option{localaddr} specifies the local address to bind to. If not specified it
|
|
defaults to @code{0.0.0.0}.
|
|
|
|
@option{localport} specifies the local port to bind to. If not specified any
|
|
available local port will be used.
|
|
|
|
@option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used.
|
|
If neither is specified the device may use either protocol.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev msmouse ,id=@var{id}
|
|
|
|
Forward QEMU's emulated msmouse events to the guest. @option{msmouse} does not
|
|
take any options.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev vc ,id=@var{id} [[,width=@var{width}] [,height=@var{height}]] [[,cols=@var{cols}] [,rows=@var{rows}]]
|
|
|
|
Connect to a QEMU text console. @option{vc} may optionally be given a specific
|
|
size.
|
|
|
|
@option{width} and @option{height} specify the width and height respectively of
|
|
the console, in pixels.
|
|
|
|
@option{cols} and @option{rows} specify that the console be sized to fit a text
|
|
console with the given dimensions.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev ringbuf ,id=@var{id} [,size=@var{size}]
|
|
|
|
Create a ring buffer with fixed size @option{size}.
|
|
@var{size} must be a power of two, and defaults to @code{64K}).
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev file ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
|
|
|
|
Log all traffic received from the guest to a file.
|
|
|
|
@option{path} specifies the path of the file to be opened. This file will be
|
|
created if it does not already exist, and overwritten if it does. @option{path}
|
|
is required.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev pipe ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
|
|
|
|
Create a two-way connection to the guest. The behaviour differs slightly between
|
|
Windows hosts and other hosts:
|
|
|
|
On Windows, a single duplex pipe will be created at
|
|
@file{\\.pipe\@option{path}}.
|
|
|
|
On other hosts, 2 pipes will be created called @file{@option{path}.in} and
|
|
@file{@option{path}.out}. Data written to @file{@option{path}.in} will be
|
|
received by the guest. Data written by the guest can be read from
|
|
@file{@option{path}.out}. QEMU will not create these fifos, and requires them to
|
|
be present.
|
|
|
|
@option{path} forms part of the pipe path as described above. @option{path} is
|
|
required.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev console ,id=@var{id}
|
|
|
|
Send traffic from the guest to QEMU's standard output. @option{console} does not
|
|
take any options.
|
|
|
|
@option{console} is only available on Windows hosts.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev serial ,id=@var{id} ,path=@option{path}
|
|
|
|
Send traffic from the guest to a serial device on the host.
|
|
|
|
On Unix hosts serial will actually accept any tty device,
|
|
not only serial lines.
|
|
|
|
@option{path} specifies the name of the serial device to open.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev pty ,id=@var{id}
|
|
|
|
Create a new pseudo-terminal on the host and connect to it. @option{pty} does
|
|
not take any options.
|
|
|
|
@option{pty} is not available on Windows hosts.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev stdio ,id=@var{id} [,signal=on|off]
|
|
Connect to standard input and standard output of the QEMU process.
|
|
|
|
@option{signal} controls if signals are enabled on the terminal, that includes
|
|
exiting QEMU with the key sequence @key{Control-c}. This option is enabled by
|
|
default, use @option{signal=off} to disable it.
|
|
|
|
@option{stdio} is not available on Windows hosts.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev braille ,id=@var{id}
|
|
|
|
Connect to a local BrlAPI server. @option{braille} does not take any options.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev tty ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
|
|
|
|
@option{tty} is only available on Linux, Sun, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and
|
|
DragonFlyBSD hosts. It is an alias for @option{serial}.
|
|
|
|
@option{path} specifies the path to the tty. @option{path} is required.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev parallel ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
|
|
@item -chardev parport ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
|
|
|
|
@option{parallel} is only available on Linux, FreeBSD and DragonFlyBSD hosts.
|
|
|
|
Connect to a local parallel port.
|
|
|
|
@option{path} specifies the path to the parallel port device. @option{path} is
|
|
required.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev spicevmc ,id=@var{id} ,debug=@var{debug}, name=@var{name}
|
|
|
|
@option{spicevmc} is only available when spice support is built in.
|
|
|
|
@option{debug} debug level for spicevmc
|
|
|
|
@option{name} name of spice channel to connect to
|
|
|
|
Connect to a spice virtual machine channel, such as vdiport.
|
|
|
|
@item -chardev spiceport ,id=@var{id} ,debug=@var{debug}, name=@var{name}
|
|
|
|
@option{spiceport} is only available when spice support is built in.
|
|
|
|
@option{debug} debug level for spicevmc
|
|
|
|
@option{name} name of spice port to connect to
|
|
|
|
Connect to a spice port, allowing a Spice client to handle the traffic
|
|
identified by a name (preferably a fqdn).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEFHEADING()
|
|
|
|
DEFHEADING(Device URL Syntax:)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
|
|
In addition to using normal file images for the emulated storage devices,
|
|
QEMU can also use networked resources such as iSCSI devices. These are
|
|
specified using a special URL syntax.
|
|
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item iSCSI
|
|
iSCSI support allows QEMU to access iSCSI resources directly and use as
|
|
images for the guest storage. Both disk and cdrom images are supported.
|
|
|
|
Syntax for specifying iSCSI LUNs is
|
|
``iscsi://<target-ip>[:<port>]/<target-iqn>/<lun>''
|
|
|
|
By default qemu will use the iSCSI initiator-name
|
|
'iqn.2008-11.org.linux-kvm[:<name>]' but this can also be set from the command
|
|
line or a configuration file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example (without authentication):
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -iscsi initiator-name=iqn.2001-04.com.example:my-initiator \
|
|
-cdrom iscsi://192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/2 \
|
|
-drive file=iscsi://192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/1
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Example (CHAP username/password via URL):
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=iscsi://user%password@@192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/1
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Example (CHAP username/password via environment variables):
|
|
@example
|
|
LIBISCSI_CHAP_USERNAME="user" \
|
|
LIBISCSI_CHAP_PASSWORD="password" \
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=iscsi://192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/1
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
iSCSI support is an optional feature of QEMU and only available when
|
|
compiled and linked against libiscsi.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEF("iscsi", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_iscsi,
|
|
"-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]\n"
|
|
" [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE\n"
|
|
" [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]\n"
|
|
" iSCSI session parameters\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
|
|
iSCSI parameters such as username and password can also be specified via
|
|
a configuration file. See qemu-doc for more information and examples.
|
|
|
|
@item NBD
|
|
QEMU supports NBD (Network Block Devices) both using TCP protocol as well
|
|
as Unix Domain Sockets.
|
|
|
|
Syntax for specifying a NBD device using TCP
|
|
``nbd:<server-ip>:<port>[:exportname=<export>]''
|
|
|
|
Syntax for specifying a NBD device using Unix Domain Sockets
|
|
``nbd:unix:<domain-socket>[:exportname=<export>]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example for TCP
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 --drive file=nbd:192.0.2.1:30000
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Example for Unix Domain Sockets
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 --drive file=nbd:unix:/tmp/nbd-socket
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item SSH
|
|
QEMU supports SSH (Secure Shell) access to remote disks.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file=ssh://user@@host/path/to/disk.img
|
|
qemu-system-i386 -drive file.driver=ssh,file.user=user,file.host=host,file.port=22,file.path=/path/to/disk.img
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Currently authentication must be done using ssh-agent. Other
|
|
authentication methods may be supported in future.
|
|
|
|
@item Sheepdog
|
|
Sheepdog is a distributed storage system for QEMU.
|
|
QEMU supports using either local sheepdog devices or remote networked
|
|
devices.
|
|
|
|
Syntax for specifying a sheepdog device
|
|
@example
|
|
sheepdog[+tcp|+unix]://[host:port]/vdiname[?socket=path][#snapid|#tag]
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Example
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 --drive file=sheepdog://192.0.2.1:30000/MyVirtualMachine
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
See also @url{http://http://www.osrg.net/sheepdog/}.
|
|
|
|
@item GlusterFS
|
|
GlusterFS is an user space distributed file system.
|
|
QEMU supports the use of GlusterFS volumes for hosting VM disk images using
|
|
TCP, Unix Domain Sockets and RDMA transport protocols.
|
|
|
|
Syntax for specifying a VM disk image on GlusterFS volume is
|
|
@example
|
|
gluster[+transport]://[server[:port]]/volname/image[?socket=...]
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-x86_64 --drive file=gluster://192.0.2.1/testvol/a.img
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
See also @url{http://www.gluster.org}.
|
|
|
|
@item HTTP/HTTPS/FTP/FTPS/TFTP
|
|
QEMU supports read-only access to files accessed over http(s), ftp(s) and tftp.
|
|
|
|
Syntax using a single filename:
|
|
@example
|
|
<protocol>://[<username>[:<password>]@@]<host>/<path>
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
where:
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item protocol
|
|
'http', 'https', 'ftp', 'ftps', or 'tftp'.
|
|
|
|
@item username
|
|
Optional username for authentication to the remote server.
|
|
|
|
@item password
|
|
Optional password for authentication to the remote server.
|
|
|
|
@item host
|
|
Address of the remote server.
|
|
|
|
@item path
|
|
Path on the remote server, including any query string.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
The following options are also supported:
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item url
|
|
The full URL when passing options to the driver explicitly.
|
|
|
|
@item readahead
|
|
The amount of data to read ahead with each range request to the remote server.
|
|
This value may optionally have the suffix 'T', 'G', 'M', 'K', 'k' or 'b'. If it
|
|
does not have a suffix, it will be assumed to be in bytes. The value must be a
|
|
multiple of 512 bytes. It defaults to 256k.
|
|
|
|
@item sslverify
|
|
Whether to verify the remote server's certificate when connecting over SSL. It
|
|
can have the value 'on' or 'off'. It defaults to 'on'.
|
|
|
|
@item cookie
|
|
Send this cookie (it can also be a list of cookies separated by ';') with
|
|
each outgoing request. Only supported when using protocols such as HTTP
|
|
which support cookies, otherwise ignored.
|
|
|
|
@item timeout
|
|
Set the timeout in seconds of the CURL connection. This timeout is the time
|
|
that CURL waits for a response from the remote server to get the size of the
|
|
image to be downloaded. If not set, the default timeout of 5 seconds is used.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Note that when passing options to qemu explicitly, @option{driver} is the value
|
|
of <protocol>.
|
|
|
|
Example: boot from a remote Fedora 20 live ISO image
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-x86_64 --drive media=cdrom,file=http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/20/Live/x86_64/Fedora-Live-Desktop-x86_64-20-1.iso,readonly
|
|
|
|
qemu-system-x86_64 --drive media=cdrom,file.driver=http,file.url=http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/20/Live/x86_64/Fedora-Live-Desktop-x86_64-20-1.iso,readonly
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Example: boot from a remote Fedora 20 cloud image using a local overlay for
|
|
writes, copy-on-read, and a readahead of 64k
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o backing_file='json:@{"file.driver":"http",, "file.url":"https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/20/Images/x86_64/Fedora-x86_64-20-20131211.1-sda.qcow2",, "file.readahead":"64k"@}' /tmp/Fedora-x86_64-20-20131211.1-sda.qcow2
|
|
|
|
qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=/tmp/Fedora-x86_64-20-20131211.1-sda.qcow2,copy-on-read=on
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Example: boot from an image stored on a VMware vSphere server with a self-signed
|
|
certificate using a local overlay for writes, a readahead of 64k and a timeout
|
|
of 10 seconds.
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o backing_file='json:@{"file.driver":"https",, "file.url":"https://user:password@@vsphere.example.com/folder/test/test-flat.vmdk?dcPath=Datacenter&dsName=datastore1",, "file.sslverify":"off",, "file.readahead":"64k",, "file.timeout":10@}' /tmp/test.qcow2
|
|
|
|
qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=/tmp/test.qcow2
|
|
@end example
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEFHEADING(Bluetooth(R) options:)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@table @option
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("bt", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bt, \
|
|
"-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands\n" \
|
|
"-bt hci,host[:id]\n" \
|
|
" use host's HCI with the given name\n" \
|
|
"-bt hci[,vlan=n]\n" \
|
|
" emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'\n" \
|
|
"-bt vhci[,vlan=n]\n" \
|
|
" add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI\n" \
|
|
"-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]\n" \
|
|
" emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -bt hci[...]
|
|
@findex -bt
|
|
Defines the function of the corresponding Bluetooth HCI. -bt options
|
|
are matched with the HCIs present in the chosen machine type. For
|
|
example when emulating a machine with only one HCI built into it, only
|
|
the first @code{-bt hci[...]} option is valid and defines the HCI's
|
|
logic. The Transport Layer is decided by the machine type. Currently
|
|
the machines @code{n800} and @code{n810} have one HCI and all other
|
|
machines have none.
|
|
|
|
@anchor{bt-hcis}
|
|
The following three types are recognized:
|
|
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item -bt hci,null
|
|
(default) The corresponding Bluetooth HCI assumes no internal logic
|
|
and will not respond to any HCI commands or emit events.
|
|
|
|
@item -bt hci,host[:@var{id}]
|
|
(@code{bluez} only) The corresponding HCI passes commands / events
|
|
to / from the physical HCI identified by the name @var{id} (default:
|
|
@code{hci0}) on the computer running QEMU. Only available on @code{bluez}
|
|
capable systems like Linux.
|
|
|
|
@item -bt hci[,vlan=@var{n}]
|
|
Add a virtual, standard HCI that will participate in the Bluetooth
|
|
scatternet @var{n} (default @code{0}). Similarly to @option{-net}
|
|
VLANs, devices inside a bluetooth network @var{n} can only communicate
|
|
with other devices in the same network (scatternet).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item -bt vhci[,vlan=@var{n}]
|
|
(Linux-host only) Create a HCI in scatternet @var{n} (default 0) attached
|
|
to the host bluetooth stack instead of to the emulated target. This
|
|
allows the host and target machines to participate in a common scatternet
|
|
and communicate. Requires the Linux @code{vhci} driver installed. Can
|
|
be used as following:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu-system-i386 [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item -bt device:@var{dev}[,vlan=@var{n}]
|
|
Emulate a bluetooth device @var{dev} and place it in network @var{n}
|
|
(default @code{0}). QEMU can only emulate one type of bluetooth devices
|
|
currently:
|
|
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item keyboard
|
|
Virtual wireless keyboard implementing the HIDP bluetooth profile.
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEFHEADING()
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_TPM
|
|
DEFHEADING(TPM device options:)
|
|
|
|
DEF("tpmdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev, \
|
|
"-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]\n"
|
|
" use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0\n"
|
|
" use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if\n"
|
|
" not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
|
|
The general form of a TPM device option is:
|
|
@table @option
|
|
|
|
@item -tpmdev @var{backend} ,id=@var{id} [,@var{options}]
|
|
@findex -tpmdev
|
|
Backend type must be:
|
|
@option{passthrough}.
|
|
|
|
The specific backend type will determine the applicable options.
|
|
The @code{-tpmdev} option creates the TPM backend and requires a
|
|
@code{-device} option that specifies the TPM frontend interface model.
|
|
|
|
Options to each backend are described below.
|
|
|
|
Use 'help' to print all available TPM backend types.
|
|
@example
|
|
qemu -tpmdev help
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item -tpmdev passthrough, id=@var{id}, path=@var{path}, cancel-path=@var{cancel-path}
|
|
|
|
(Linux-host only) Enable access to the host's TPM using the passthrough
|
|
driver.
|
|
|
|
@option{path} specifies the path to the host's TPM device, i.e., on
|
|
a Linux host this would be @code{/dev/tpm0}.
|
|
@option{path} is optional and by default @code{/dev/tpm0} is used.
|
|
|
|
@option{cancel-path} specifies the path to the host TPM device's sysfs
|
|
entry allowing for cancellation of an ongoing TPM command.
|
|
@option{cancel-path} is optional and by default QEMU will search for the
|
|
sysfs entry to use.
|
|
|
|
Some notes about using the host's TPM with the passthrough driver:
|
|
|
|
The TPM device accessed by the passthrough driver must not be
|
|
used by any other application on the host.
|
|
|
|
Since the host's firmware (BIOS/UEFI) has already initialized the TPM,
|
|
the VM's firmware (BIOS/UEFI) will not be able to initialize the
|
|
TPM again and may therefore not show a TPM-specific menu that would
|
|
otherwise allow the user to configure the TPM, e.g., allow the user to
|
|
enable/disable or activate/deactivate the TPM.
|
|
Further, if TPM ownership is released from within a VM then the host's TPM
|
|
will get disabled and deactivated. To enable and activate the
|
|
TPM again afterwards, the host has to be rebooted and the user is
|
|
required to enter the firmware's menu to enable and activate the TPM.
|
|
If the TPM is left disabled and/or deactivated most TPM commands will fail.
|
|
|
|
To create a passthrough TPM use the following two options:
|
|
@example
|
|
-tpmdev passthrough,id=tpm0 -device tpm-tis,tpmdev=tpm0
|
|
@end example
|
|
Note that the @code{-tpmdev} id is @code{tpm0} and is referenced by
|
|
@code{tpmdev=tpm0} in the device option.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEFHEADING()
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
DEFHEADING(Linux/Multiboot boot specific:)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
|
|
When using these options, you can use a given Linux or Multiboot
|
|
kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful
|
|
for easier testing of various kernels.
|
|
|
|
@table @option
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("kernel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_kernel, \
|
|
"-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -kernel @var{bzImage}
|
|
@findex -kernel
|
|
Use @var{bzImage} as kernel image. The kernel can be either a Linux kernel
|
|
or in multiboot format.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("append", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_append, \
|
|
"-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -append @var{cmdline}
|
|
@findex -append
|
|
Use @var{cmdline} as kernel command line
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("initrd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_initrd, \
|
|
"-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -initrd @var{file}
|
|
@findex -initrd
|
|
Use @var{file} as initial ram disk.
|
|
|
|
@item -initrd "@var{file1} arg=foo,@var{file2}"
|
|
|
|
This syntax is only available with multiboot.
|
|
|
|
Use @var{file1} and @var{file2} as modules and pass arg=foo as parameter to the
|
|
first module.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("dtb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_dtb, \
|
|
"-dtb file use 'file' as device tree image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -dtb @var{file}
|
|
@findex -dtb
|
|
Use @var{file} as a device tree binary (dtb) image and pass it to the kernel
|
|
on boot.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEFHEADING()
|
|
|
|
DEFHEADING(Debug/Expert options:)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@table @option
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("serial", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_serial, \
|
|
"-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -serial @var{dev}
|
|
@findex -serial
|
|
Redirect the virtual serial port to host character device
|
|
@var{dev}. The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and
|
|
@code{stdio} in non graphical mode.
|
|
|
|
This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serial
|
|
ports.
|
|
|
|
Use @code{-serial none} to disable all serial ports.
|
|
|
|
Available character devices are:
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item vc[:@var{W}x@var{H}]
|
|
Virtual console. Optionally, a width and height can be given in pixel with
|
|
@example
|
|
vc:800x600
|
|
@end example
|
|
It is also possible to specify width or height in characters:
|
|
@example
|
|
vc:80Cx24C
|
|
@end example
|
|
@item pty
|
|
[Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated)
|
|
@item none
|
|
No device is allocated.
|
|
@item null
|
|
void device
|
|
@item chardev:@var{id}
|
|
Use a named character device defined with the @code{-chardev} option.
|
|
@item /dev/XXX
|
|
[Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. @file{/dev/ttyS0}. The host serial port
|
|
parameters are set according to the emulated ones.
|
|
@item /dev/parport@var{N}
|
|
[Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port
|
|
@var{N}. Currently SPP and EPP parallel port features can be used.
|
|
@item file:@var{filename}
|
|
Write output to @var{filename}. No character can be read.
|
|
@item stdio
|
|
[Unix only] standard input/output
|
|
@item pipe:@var{filename}
|
|
name pipe @var{filename}
|
|
@item COM@var{n}
|
|
[Windows only] Use host serial port @var{n}
|
|
@item udp:[@var{remote_host}]:@var{remote_port}[@@[@var{src_ip}]:@var{src_port}]
|
|
This implements UDP Net Console.
|
|
When @var{remote_host} or @var{src_ip} are not specified
|
|
they default to @code{0.0.0.0}.
|
|
When not using a specified @var{src_port} a random port is automatically chosen.
|
|
|
|
If you just want a simple readonly console you can use @code{netcat} or
|
|
@code{nc}, by starting QEMU with: @code{-serial udp::4555} and nc as:
|
|
@code{nc -u -l -p 4555}. Any time QEMU writes something to that port it
|
|
will appear in the netconsole session.
|
|
|
|
If you plan to send characters back via netconsole or you want to stop
|
|
and start QEMU a lot of times, you should have QEMU use the same
|
|
source port each time by using something like @code{-serial
|
|
udp::4555@@:4556} to QEMU. Another approach is to use a patched
|
|
version of netcat which can listen to a TCP port and send and receive
|
|
characters via udp. If you have a patched version of netcat which
|
|
activates telnet remote echo and single char transfer, then you can
|
|
use the following options to step up a netcat redirector to allow
|
|
telnet on port 5555 to access the QEMU port.
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item QEMU Options:
|
|
-serial udp::4555@@:4556
|
|
@item netcat options:
|
|
-u -P 4555 -L 0.0.0.0:4556 -t -p 5555 -I -T
|
|
@item telnet options:
|
|
localhost 5555
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item tcp:[@var{host}]:@var{port}[,@var{server}][,nowait][,nodelay][,reconnect=@var{seconds}]
|
|
The TCP Net Console has two modes of operation. It can send the serial
|
|
I/O to a location or wait for a connection from a location. By default
|
|
the TCP Net Console is sent to @var{host} at the @var{port}. If you use
|
|
the @var{server} option QEMU will wait for a client socket application
|
|
to connect to the port before continuing, unless the @code{nowait}
|
|
option was specified. The @code{nodelay} option disables the Nagle buffering
|
|
algorithm. The @code{reconnect} option only applies if @var{noserver} is
|
|
set, if the connection goes down it will attempt to reconnect at the
|
|
given interval. If @var{host} is omitted, 0.0.0.0 is assumed. Only
|
|
one TCP connection at a time is accepted. You can use @code{telnet} to
|
|
connect to the corresponding character device.
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item Example to send tcp console to 192.168.0.2 port 4444
|
|
-serial tcp:192.168.0.2:4444
|
|
@item Example to listen and wait on port 4444 for connection
|
|
-serial tcp::4444,server
|
|
@item Example to not wait and listen on ip 192.168.0.100 port 4444
|
|
-serial tcp:192.168.0.100:4444,server,nowait
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item telnet:@var{host}:@var{port}[,server][,nowait][,nodelay]
|
|
The telnet protocol is used instead of raw tcp sockets. The options
|
|
work the same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp}. The
|
|
difference is that the port acts like a telnet server or client using
|
|
telnet option negotiation. This will also allow you to send the
|
|
MAGIC_SYSRQ sequence if you use a telnet that supports sending the break
|
|
sequence. Typically in unix telnet you do it with Control-] and then
|
|
type "send break" followed by pressing the enter key.
|
|
|
|
@item unix:@var{path}[,server][,nowait][,reconnect=@var{seconds}]
|
|
A unix domain socket is used instead of a tcp socket. The option works the
|
|
same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp} except the unix domain socket
|
|
@var{path} is used for connections.
|
|
|
|
@item mon:@var{dev_string}
|
|
This is a special option to allow the monitor to be multiplexed onto
|
|
another serial port. The monitor is accessed with key sequence of
|
|
@key{Control-a} and then pressing @key{c}.
|
|
@var{dev_string} should be any one of the serial devices specified
|
|
above. An example to multiplex the monitor onto a telnet server
|
|
listening on port 4444 would be:
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item -serial mon:telnet::4444,server,nowait
|
|
@end table
|
|
When the monitor is multiplexed to stdio in this way, Ctrl+C will not terminate
|
|
QEMU any more but will be passed to the guest instead.
|
|
|
|
@item braille
|
|
Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real
|
|
or fake device.
|
|
|
|
@item msmouse
|
|
Three button serial mouse. Configure the guest to use Microsoft protocol.
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("parallel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_parallel, \
|
|
"-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -parallel @var{dev}
|
|
@findex -parallel
|
|
Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device @var{dev} (same
|
|
devices as the serial port). On Linux hosts, @file{/dev/parportN} can
|
|
be used to use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host
|
|
parallel port.
|
|
|
|
This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel
|
|
ports.
|
|
|
|
Use @code{-parallel none} to disable all parallel ports.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("monitor", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_monitor, \
|
|
"-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -monitor @var{dev}
|
|
@findex -monitor
|
|
Redirect the monitor to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the
|
|
serial port).
|
|
The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in
|
|
non graphical mode.
|
|
Use @code{-monitor none} to disable the default monitor.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEF("qmp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qmp, \
|
|
"-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -qmp @var{dev}
|
|
@findex -qmp
|
|
Like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEF("qmp-pretty", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty, \
|
|
"-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -qmp-pretty @var{dev}
|
|
@findex -qmp-pretty
|
|
Like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("mon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mon, \
|
|
"-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,default]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,default]
|
|
@findex -mon
|
|
Setup monitor on chardev @var{name}.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("debugcon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_debugcon, \
|
|
"-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -debugcon @var{dev}
|
|
@findex -debugcon
|
|
Redirect the debug console to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the
|
|
serial port). The debug console is an I/O port which is typically port
|
|
0xe9; writing to that I/O port sends output to this device.
|
|
The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in
|
|
non graphical mode.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("pidfile", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pidfile, \
|
|
"-pidfile file write PID to 'file'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -pidfile @var{file}
|
|
@findex -pidfile
|
|
Store the QEMU process PID in @var{file}. It is useful if you launch QEMU
|
|
from a script.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("singlestep", 0, QEMU_OPTION_singlestep, \
|
|
"-singlestep always run in singlestep mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -singlestep
|
|
@findex -singlestep
|
|
Run the emulation in single step mode.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("S", 0, QEMU_OPTION_S, \
|
|
"-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -S
|
|
@findex -S
|
|
Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("realtime", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_realtime,
|
|
"-realtime [mlock=on|off]\n"
|
|
" run qemu with realtime features\n"
|
|
" mlock=on|off controls mlock support (default: on)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -realtime mlock=on|off
|
|
@findex -realtime
|
|
Run qemu with realtime features.
|
|
mlocking qemu and guest memory can be enabled via @option{mlock=on}
|
|
(enabled by default).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("gdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_gdb, \
|
|
"-gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -gdb @var{dev}
|
|
@findex -gdb
|
|
Wait for gdb connection on device @var{dev} (@pxref{gdb_usage}). Typical
|
|
connections will likely be TCP-based, but also UDP, pseudo TTY, or even
|
|
stdio are reasonable use case. The latter is allowing to start QEMU from
|
|
within gdb and establish the connection via a pipe:
|
|
@example
|
|
(gdb) target remote | exec qemu-system-i386 -gdb stdio ...
|
|
@end example
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("s", 0, QEMU_OPTION_s, \
|
|
"-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT "\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -s
|
|
@findex -s
|
|
Shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234, i.e. open a gdbserver on TCP port 1234
|
|
(@pxref{gdb_usage}).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("d", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_d, \
|
|
"-d item1,... enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -d @var{item1}[,...]
|
|
@findex -d
|
|
Enable logging of specified items. Use '-d help' for a list of log items.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("D", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_D, \
|
|
"-D logfile output log to logfile (default stderr)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -D @var{logfile}
|
|
@findex -D
|
|
Output log in @var{logfile} instead of to stderr
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("L", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_L, \
|
|
"-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -L @var{path}
|
|
@findex -L
|
|
Set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("bios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bios, \
|
|
"-bios file set the filename for the BIOS\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -bios @var{file}
|
|
@findex -bios
|
|
Set the filename for the BIOS.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("enable-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm, \
|
|
"-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -enable-kvm
|
|
@findex -enable-kvm
|
|
Enable KVM full virtualization support. This option is only available
|
|
if KVM support is enabled when compiling.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("xen-domid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid,
|
|
"-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
DEF("xen-create", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_create,
|
|
"-xen-create create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend\n"
|
|
" warning: should not be used when xend is in use\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
DEF("xen-attach", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach,
|
|
"-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain\n"
|
|
" xend will use this when starting QEMU\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -xen-domid @var{id}
|
|
@findex -xen-domid
|
|
Specify xen guest domain @var{id} (XEN only).
|
|
@item -xen-create
|
|
@findex -xen-create
|
|
Create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend.
|
|
Warning: should not be used when xend is in use (XEN only).
|
|
@item -xen-attach
|
|
@findex -xen-attach
|
|
Attach to existing xen domain.
|
|
xend will use this when starting QEMU (XEN only).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("no-reboot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot, \
|
|
"-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -no-reboot
|
|
@findex -no-reboot
|
|
Exit instead of rebooting.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("no-shutdown", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown, \
|
|
"-no-shutdown stop before shutdown\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -no-shutdown
|
|
@findex -no-shutdown
|
|
Don't exit QEMU on guest shutdown, but instead only stop the emulation.
|
|
This allows for instance switching to monitor to commit changes to the
|
|
disk image.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("loadvm", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_loadvm, \
|
|
"-loadvm [tag|id]\n" \
|
|
" start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -loadvm @var{file}
|
|
@findex -loadvm
|
|
Start right away with a saved state (@code{loadvm} in monitor)
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
#ifndef _WIN32
|
|
DEF("daemonize", 0, QEMU_OPTION_daemonize, \
|
|
"-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
#endif
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -daemonize
|
|
@findex -daemonize
|
|
Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization. QEMU will not detach from
|
|
standard IO until it is ready to receive connections on any of its devices.
|
|
This option is a useful way for external programs to launch QEMU without having
|
|
to cope with initialization race conditions.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("option-rom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_option_rom, \
|
|
"-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -option-rom @var{file}
|
|
@findex -option-rom
|
|
Load the contents of @var{file} as an option ROM.
|
|
This option is useful to load things like EtherBoot.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
HXCOMM Silently ignored for compatibility
|
|
DEF("clock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_clock, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
|
|
HXCOMM Options deprecated by -rtc
|
|
DEF("localtime", 0, QEMU_OPTION_localtime, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
DEF("startdate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_startdate, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
|
|
DEF("rtc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rtc, \
|
|
"-rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]\n" \
|
|
" set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
|
|
STEXI
|
|
|
|
@item -rtc [base=utc|localtime|@var{date}][,clock=host|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
|
|
@findex -rtc
|
|
Specify @option{base} as @code{utc} or @code{localtime} to let the RTC start at the current
|
|
UTC or local time, respectively. @code{localtime} is required for correct date in
|
|
MS-DOS or Windows. To start at a specific point in time, provide @var{date} in the
|
|
format @code{2006-06-17T16:01:21} or @code{2006-06-17}. The default base is UTC.
|
|
|
|
By default the RTC is driven by the host system time. This allows using of the
|
|
RTC as accurate reference clock inside the guest, specifically if the host
|
|
time is smoothly following an accurate external reference clock, e.g. via NTP.
|
|
If you want to isolate the guest time from the host, you can set @option{clock}
|
|
to @code{rt} instead. To even prevent it from progressing during suspension,
|
|
you can set it to @code{vm}.
|
|
|
|
Enable @option{driftfix} (i386 targets only) if you experience time drift problems,
|
|
specifically with Windows' ACPI HAL. This option will try to figure out how
|
|
many timer interrupts were not processed by the Windows guest and will
|
|
re-inject them.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("icount", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_icount, \
|
|
"-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off]\n" \
|
|
" enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per\n" \
|
|
" instruction and enable aligning the host and virtual clocks\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -icount [shift=@var{N}|auto]
|
|
@findex -icount
|
|
Enable virtual instruction counter. The virtual cpu will execute one
|
|
instruction every 2^@var{N} ns of virtual time. If @code{auto} is specified
|
|
then the virtual cpu speed will be automatically adjusted to keep virtual
|
|
time within a few seconds of real time.
|
|
|
|
Note that while this option can give deterministic behavior, it does not
|
|
provide cycle accurate emulation. Modern CPUs contain superscalar out of
|
|
order cores with complex cache hierarchies. The number of instructions
|
|
executed often has little or no correlation with actual performance.
|
|
|
|
@option{align=on} will activate the delay algorithm which will try to
|
|
to synchronise the host clock and the virtual clock. The goal is to
|
|
have a guest running at the real frequency imposed by the shift option.
|
|
Whenever the guest clock is behind the host clock and if
|
|
@option{align=on} is specified then we print a message to the user
|
|
to inform about the delay.
|
|
Currently this option does not work when @option{shift} is @code{auto}.
|
|
Note: The sync algorithm will work for those shift values for which
|
|
the guest clock runs ahead of the host clock. Typically this happens
|
|
when the shift value is high (how high depends on the host machine).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("watchdog", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog, \
|
|
"-watchdog i6300esb|ib700\n" \
|
|
" enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -watchdog @var{model}
|
|
@findex -watchdog
|
|
Create a virtual hardware watchdog device. Once enabled (by a guest
|
|
action), the watchdog must be periodically polled by an agent inside
|
|
the guest or else the guest will be restarted.
|
|
|
|
The @var{model} is the model of hardware watchdog to emulate. Choices
|
|
for model are: @code{ib700} (iBASE 700) which is a very simple ISA
|
|
watchdog with a single timer, or @code{i6300esb} (Intel 6300ESB I/O
|
|
controller hub) which is a much more featureful PCI-based dual-timer
|
|
watchdog. Choose a model for which your guest has drivers.
|
|
|
|
Use @code{-watchdog help} to list available hardware models. Only one
|
|
watchdog can be enabled for a guest.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("watchdog-action", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action, \
|
|
"-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none\n" \
|
|
" action when watchdog fires [default=reset]\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -watchdog-action @var{action}
|
|
@findex -watchdog-action
|
|
|
|
The @var{action} controls what QEMU will do when the watchdog timer
|
|
expires.
|
|
The default is
|
|
@code{reset} (forcefully reset the guest).
|
|
Other possible actions are:
|
|
@code{shutdown} (attempt to gracefully shutdown the guest),
|
|
@code{poweroff} (forcefully poweroff the guest),
|
|
@code{pause} (pause the guest),
|
|
@code{debug} (print a debug message and continue), or
|
|
@code{none} (do nothing).
|
|
|
|
Note that the @code{shutdown} action requires that the guest responds
|
|
to ACPI signals, which it may not be able to do in the sort of
|
|
situations where the watchdog would have expired, and thus
|
|
@code{-watchdog-action shutdown} is not recommended for production use.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item -watchdog i6300esb -watchdog-action pause
|
|
@item -watchdog ib700
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("echr", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_echr, \
|
|
"-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
|
|
@item -echr @var{numeric_ascii_value}
|
|
@findex -echr
|
|
Change the escape character used for switching to the monitor when using
|
|
monitor and serial sharing. The default is @code{0x01} when using the
|
|
@code{-nographic} option. @code{0x01} is equal to pressing
|
|
@code{Control-a}. You can select a different character from the ascii
|
|
control keys where 1 through 26 map to Control-a through Control-z. For
|
|
instance you could use the either of the following to change the escape
|
|
character to Control-t.
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item -echr 0x14
|
|
@item -echr 20
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("virtioconsole", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtiocon, \
|
|
"-virtioconsole c\n" \
|
|
" set virtio console\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -virtioconsole @var{c}
|
|
@findex -virtioconsole
|
|
Set virtio console.
|
|
|
|
This option is maintained for backward compatibility.
|
|
|
|
Please use @code{-device virtconsole} for the new way of invocation.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("show-cursor", 0, QEMU_OPTION_show_cursor, \
|
|
"-show-cursor show cursor\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -show-cursor
|
|
@findex -show-cursor
|
|
Show cursor.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("tb-size", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tb_size, \
|
|
"-tb-size n set TB size\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -tb-size @var{n}
|
|
@findex -tb-size
|
|
Set TB size.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("incoming", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_incoming, \
|
|
"-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4][,ipv6]\n" \
|
|
"-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4][,ipv6]\n" \
|
|
"-incoming unix:socketpath\n" \
|
|
" prepare for incoming migration, listen on\n" \
|
|
" specified protocol and socket address\n" \
|
|
"-incoming fd:fd\n" \
|
|
"-incoming exec:cmdline\n" \
|
|
" accept incoming migration on given file descriptor\n" \
|
|
" or from given external command\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -incoming tcp:[@var{host}]:@var{port}[,to=@var{maxport}][,ipv4][,ipv6]
|
|
@item -incoming rdma:@var{host}:@var{port}[,ipv4][,ipv6]
|
|
@findex -incoming
|
|
Prepare for incoming migration, listen on a given tcp port.
|
|
|
|
@item -incoming unix:@var{socketpath}
|
|
Prepare for incoming migration, listen on a given unix socket.
|
|
|
|
@item -incoming fd:@var{fd}
|
|
Accept incoming migration from a given filedescriptor.
|
|
|
|
@item -incoming exec:@var{cmdline}
|
|
Accept incoming migration as an output from specified external command.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("nodefaults", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults, \
|
|
"-nodefaults don't create default devices\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -nodefaults
|
|
@findex -nodefaults
|
|
Don't create default devices. Normally, QEMU sets the default devices like serial
|
|
port, parallel port, virtual console, monitor device, VGA adapter, floppy and
|
|
CD-ROM drive and others. The @code{-nodefaults} option will disable all those
|
|
default devices.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
#ifndef _WIN32
|
|
DEF("chroot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chroot, \
|
|
"-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
#endif
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -chroot @var{dir}
|
|
@findex -chroot
|
|
Immediately before starting guest execution, chroot to the specified
|
|
directory. Especially useful in combination with -runas.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
#ifndef _WIN32
|
|
DEF("runas", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_runas, \
|
|
"-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
#endif
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -runas @var{user}
|
|
@findex -runas
|
|
Immediately before starting guest execution, drop root privileges, switching
|
|
to the specified user.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("prom-env", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_prom_env,
|
|
"-prom-env variable=value\n"
|
|
" set OpenBIOS nvram variables\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -prom-env @var{variable}=@var{value}
|
|
@findex -prom-env
|
|
Set OpenBIOS nvram @var{variable} to given @var{value} (PPC, SPARC only).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEF("semihosting", 0, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting,
|
|
"-semihosting semihosting mode\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_M68K | QEMU_ARCH_XTENSA | QEMU_ARCH_LM32)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -semihosting
|
|
@findex -semihosting
|
|
Enable semihosting mode (ARM, M68K, Xtensa only).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEF("semihosting-config", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config,
|
|
"-semihosting-config [enable=on|off,]target=native|gdb|auto semihosting configuration\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_M68K | QEMU_ARCH_XTENSA | QEMU_ARCH_LM32)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -semihosting-config [enable=on|off,]target=native|gdb|auto
|
|
@findex -semihosting-config
|
|
Enable semihosting and define where the semihosting calls will be addressed,
|
|
to QEMU (@code{native}) or to GDB (@code{gdb}). The default is @code{auto}, which means
|
|
@code{gdb} during debug sessions and @code{native} otherwise (ARM, M68K, Xtensa only).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEF("old-param", 0, QEMU_OPTION_old_param,
|
|
"-old-param old param mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ARM)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -old-param
|
|
@findex -old-param (ARM)
|
|
Old param mode (ARM only).
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("sandbox", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sandbox, \
|
|
"-sandbox <arg> Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -sandbox @var{arg}
|
|
@findex -sandbox
|
|
Enable Seccomp mode 2 system call filter. 'on' will enable syscall filtering and 'off' will
|
|
disable it. The default is 'off'.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("readconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_readconfig,
|
|
"-readconfig <file>\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -readconfig @var{file}
|
|
@findex -readconfig
|
|
Read device configuration from @var{file}. This approach is useful when you want to spawn
|
|
QEMU process with many command line options but you don't want to exceed the command line
|
|
character limit.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEF("writeconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_writeconfig,
|
|
"-writeconfig <file>\n"
|
|
" read/write config file\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -writeconfig @var{file}
|
|
@findex -writeconfig
|
|
Write device configuration to @var{file}. The @var{file} can be either filename to save
|
|
command line and device configuration into file or dash @code{-}) character to print the
|
|
output to stdout. This can be later used as input file for @code{-readconfig} option.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEF("nodefconfig", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefconfig,
|
|
"-nodefconfig\n"
|
|
" do not load default config files at startup\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -nodefconfig
|
|
@findex -nodefconfig
|
|
Normally QEMU loads configuration files from @var{sysconfdir} and @var{datadir} at startup.
|
|
The @code{-nodefconfig} option will prevent QEMU from loading any of those config files.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEF("no-user-config", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig,
|
|
"-no-user-config\n"
|
|
" do not load user-provided config files at startup\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -no-user-config
|
|
@findex -no-user-config
|
|
The @code{-no-user-config} option makes QEMU not load any of the user-provided
|
|
config files on @var{sysconfdir}, but won't make it skip the QEMU-provided config
|
|
files from @var{datadir}.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
DEF("trace", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_trace,
|
|
"-trace [events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
|
|
" specify tracing options\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
HXCOMM This line is not accurate, as some sub-options are backend-specific but
|
|
HXCOMM HX does not support conditional compilation of text.
|
|
@item -trace [events=@var{file}][,file=@var{file}]
|
|
@findex -trace
|
|
|
|
Specify tracing options.
|
|
|
|
@table @option
|
|
@item events=@var{file}
|
|
Immediately enable events listed in @var{file}.
|
|
The file must contain one event name (as listed in the @var{trace-events} file)
|
|
per line.
|
|
This option is only available if QEMU has been compiled with
|
|
either @var{simple} or @var{stderr} tracing backend.
|
|
@item file=@var{file}
|
|
Log output traces to @var{file}.
|
|
|
|
This option is only available if QEMU has been compiled with
|
|
the @var{simple} tracing backend.
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
HXCOMM Internal use
|
|
DEF("qtest", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
DEF("qtest-log", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
|
|
#ifdef __linux__
|
|
DEF("enable-fips", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enablefips,
|
|
"-enable-fips enable FIPS 140-2 compliance\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
#endif
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -enable-fips
|
|
@findex -enable-fips
|
|
Enable FIPS 140-2 compliance mode.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
HXCOMM Deprecated by -machine accel=tcg property
|
|
DEF("no-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
|
|
|
|
HXCOMM Deprecated by kvm-pit driver properties
|
|
DEF("no-kvm-pit-reinjection", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_pit_reinjection,
|
|
"", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
|
|
|
|
HXCOMM Deprecated (ignored)
|
|
DEF("no-kvm-pit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_pit, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
|
|
|
|
HXCOMM Deprecated by -machine kernel_irqchip=on|off property
|
|
DEF("no-kvm-irqchip", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_irqchip, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
|
|
|
|
HXCOMM Deprecated (ignored)
|
|
DEF("tdf", 0, QEMU_OPTION_tdf,"", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
|
|
DEF("object", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_object,
|
|
"-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]\n"
|
|
" create an new object of type TYPENAME setting properties\n"
|
|
" in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id'\n"
|
|
" property must be set. These objects are placed in the\n"
|
|
" '/objects' path.\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -object @var{typename}[,@var{prop1}=@var{value1},...]
|
|
@findex -object
|
|
Create an new object of type @var{typename} setting properties
|
|
in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id'
|
|
property must be set. These objects are placed in the
|
|
'/objects' path.
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("msg", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_msg,
|
|
"-msg timestamp[=on|off]\n"
|
|
" change the format of messages\n"
|
|
" on|off controls leading timestamps (default:on)\n",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -msg timestamp[=on|off]
|
|
@findex -msg
|
|
prepend a timestamp to each log message.(default:on)
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
DEF("dump-vmstate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate,
|
|
"-dump-vmstate <file>\n"
|
|
" Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.\n"
|
|
" Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to\n"
|
|
" check for possible regressions in migration code\n"
|
|
" by comparing two such vmstate dumps.",
|
|
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@item -dump-vmstate @var{file}
|
|
@findex -dump-vmstate
|
|
Dump json-encoded vmstate information for current machine type to file
|
|
in @var{file}
|
|
ETEXI
|
|
|
|
HXCOMM This is the last statement. Insert new options before this line!
|
|
STEXI
|
|
@end table
|
|
ETEXI
|