diff --git a/src/librustc/back/link.rs b/src/librustc/back/link.rs
index 84836568029..55a832b15cc 100644
--- a/src/librustc/back/link.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/back/link.rs
@@ -190,8 +190,7 @@ pub mod write {
             let opts = sess.opts;
             if sess.time_llvm_passes() { llvm::LLVMRustEnableTimePasses(); }
             let mut pm = mk_pass_manager();
-            let td = mk_target_data(
-                /*bad*/copy sess.targ_cfg.target_strs.data_layout);
+            let td = mk_target_data(sess.targ_cfg.target_strs.data_layout);
             llvm::LLVMAddTargetData(td.lltd, pm.llpm);
             // FIXME (#2812): run the linter here also, once there are llvm-c
             // bindings for it.
@@ -834,8 +833,9 @@ pub fn link_binary(sess: Session,
     // to be found at compile time so it is still entirely up to outside
     // forces to make sure that library can be found at runtime.
 
-    let addl_paths = /*bad*/copy sess.opts.addl_lib_search_paths;
-    for addl_paths.each |path| { cc_args.push(~"-L" + path.to_str()); }
+    for sess.opts.addl_lib_search_paths.each |path| {
+        cc_args.push(~"-L" + path.to_str());
+    }
 
     // The names of the extern libraries
     let used_libs = cstore::get_used_libraries(cstore);
diff --git a/src/librustc/back/rpath.rs b/src/librustc/back/rpath.rs
index 2d98a84aee9..1911764da3c 100644
--- a/src/librustc/back/rpath.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/back/rpath.rs
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ pub fn get_rpath_flags(sess: session::Session, out_filename: &Path)
     // where rustrt is and we know every rust program needs it
     let libs = vec::append_one(libs, get_sysroot_absolute_rt_lib(sess));
 
-    let target_triple = /*bad*/copy sess.opts.target_triple;
-    let rpaths = get_rpaths(os, &sysroot, output, libs, target_triple);
+    let rpaths = get_rpaths(os, &sysroot, output, libs,
+                            sess.opts.target_triple);
     rpaths_to_flags(rpaths)
 }
 
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ pub fn get_relative_to(abs1: &Path, abs2: &Path) -> Path {
     let abs2 = abs2.normalize();
     debug!("finding relative path from %s to %s",
            abs1.to_str(), abs2.to_str());
-    let split1 = /*bad*/copy abs1.components;
-    let split2 = /*bad*/copy abs2.components;
+    let split1: &[~str] = abs1.components;
+    let split2: &[~str] = abs2.components;
     let len1 = vec::len(split1);
     let len2 = vec::len(split2);
     fail_unless!(len1 > 0);
diff --git a/src/librustc/driver/driver.rs b/src/librustc/driver/driver.rs
index dff8ec866d6..d14ff17d837 100644
--- a/src/librustc/driver/driver.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/driver/driver.rs
@@ -132,15 +132,12 @@ pub fn build_configuration(sess: Session, +argv0: ~str, input: input) ->
 }
 
 // Convert strings provided as --cfg [cfgspec] into a crate_cfg
-fn parse_cfgspecs(cfgspecs: ~[~str],
+fn parse_cfgspecs(+cfgspecs: ~[~str],
                   demitter: diagnostic::Emitter) -> ast::crate_cfg {
-    let mut meta = ~[];
-    for cfgspecs.each |s| {
+    do vec::map_consume(cfgspecs) |s| {
         let sess = parse::new_parse_sess(Some(demitter));
-        let m = parse::parse_meta_from_source_str(~"cfgspec", @/*bad*/ copy *s, ~[], sess);
-        meta.push(m)
+        parse::parse_meta_from_source_str(~"cfgspec", @s, ~[], sess)
     }
-    return meta;
 }
 
 pub enum input {
@@ -566,9 +563,9 @@ pub fn build_session_options(+binary: ~str,
     let debug_map = session::debugging_opts_map();
     for debug_flags.each |debug_flag| {
         let mut this_bit = 0u;
-        for debug_map.each |pair| {
-            let (name, _, bit) = /*bad*/copy *pair;
-            if name == *debug_flag { this_bit = bit; break; }
+        for debug_map.each |tuple| {
+            let (name, bit) = match *tuple { (ref a, _, b) => (a, b) };
+            if name == debug_flag { this_bit = bit; break; }
         }
         if this_bit == 0u {
             early_error(demitter, fmt!("unknown debug flag: %s", *debug_flag))
@@ -633,7 +630,7 @@ pub fn build_session_options(+binary: ~str,
     let target =
         match target_opt {
             None => host_triple(),
-            Some(ref s) => (/*bad*/copy *s)
+            Some(s) => s
         };
 
     let addl_lib_search_paths =
diff --git a/src/librustc/lib/llvm.rs b/src/librustc/lib/llvm.rs
index 23eb6743b9f..e5234dff91d 100644
--- a/src/librustc/lib/llvm.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/lib/llvm.rs
@@ -1647,7 +1647,7 @@ pub struct TargetData {
     dtor: @target_data_res
 }
 
-pub fn mk_target_data(string_rep: ~str) -> TargetData {
+pub fn mk_target_data(string_rep: &str) -> TargetData {
     let lltd =
         str::as_c_str(string_rep, |buf| unsafe {
             llvm::LLVMCreateTargetData(buf)
diff --git a/src/librustc/metadata/creader.rs b/src/librustc/metadata/creader.rs
index 92de7f3f5e6..21b035f2242 100644
--- a/src/librustc/metadata/creader.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/metadata/creader.rs
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ fn visit_crate(e: @mut Env, c: ast::crate) {
 }
 
 fn visit_view_item(e: @mut Env, i: @ast::view_item) {
-    match /*bad*/copy i.node {
-      ast::view_item_extern_mod(ident, meta_items, id) => {
+    match i.node {
+      ast::view_item_extern_mod(ident, /*bad*/copy meta_items, id) => {
         debug!("resolving extern mod stmt. ident: %?, meta: %?",
                ident, meta_items);
         let cnum = resolve_crate(e, ident, meta_items, @~"", i.span);
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ fn visit_view_item(e: @mut Env, i: @ast::view_item) {
 }
 
 fn visit_item(e: @mut Env, i: @ast::item) {
-    match /*bad*/copy i.node {
-      ast::item_foreign_mod(fm) => {
+    match i.node {
+      ast::item_foreign_mod(ref fm) => {
         match attr::foreign_abi(i.attrs) {
           either::Right(abi) => {
             if abi != ast::foreign_abi_cdecl &&
diff --git a/src/librustc/metadata/encoder.rs b/src/librustc/metadata/encoder.rs
index f507d0d8718..31b9dcea789 100644
--- a/src/librustc/metadata/encoder.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/metadata/encoder.rs
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ fn encode_info_for_item(ecx: @EncodeContext, ebml_w: writer::Encoder,
     debug!("encoding info for item at %s",
            ecx.tcx.sess.codemap.span_to_str(item.span));
 
-    match /*bad*/copy item.node {
+    match item.node {
       item_const(_, _) => {
         add_to_index();
         ebml_w.start_tag(tag_items_data_item);
@@ -1189,10 +1189,10 @@ fn synthesize_crate_attrs(ecx: @EncodeContext,
             if *attr::get_attr_name(attr) != ~"link" {
                 /*bad*/copy *attr
             } else {
-                match /*bad*/copy attr.node.value.node {
-                  meta_list(_, l) => {
+                match attr.node.value.node {
+                  meta_list(_, ref l) => {
                     found_link_attr = true;;
-                    synthesize_link_attr(ecx, l)
+                    synthesize_link_attr(ecx, /*bad*/copy *l)
                   }
                   _ => /*bad*/copy *attr
                 }
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/astencode.rs b/src/librustc/middle/astencode.rs
index 1dcaa76e9c7..853bb8df3a4 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/astencode.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/astencode.rs
@@ -639,14 +639,14 @@ fn encode_vtable_origin(ecx: @e::EncodeContext,
                       ebml_w: writer::Encoder,
                       vtable_origin: typeck::vtable_origin) {
     do ebml_w.emit_enum(~"vtable_origin") {
-        match /*bad*/copy vtable_origin {
-          typeck::vtable_static(def_id, tys, vtable_res) => {
+        match vtable_origin {
+          typeck::vtable_static(def_id, ref tys, vtable_res) => {
             do ebml_w.emit_enum_variant(~"vtable_static", 0u, 3u) {
                 do ebml_w.emit_enum_variant_arg(0u) {
                     ebml_w.emit_def_id(def_id)
                 }
                 do ebml_w.emit_enum_variant_arg(1u) {
-                    ebml_w.emit_tys(ecx, /*bad*/copy tys);
+                    ebml_w.emit_tys(ecx, /*bad*/copy *tys);
                 }
                 do ebml_w.emit_enum_variant_arg(2u) {
                     encode_vtable_res(ecx, ebml_w, vtable_res);
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/borrowck/gather_loans.rs b/src/librustc/middle/borrowck/gather_loans.rs
index e5f056619cc..83fe2db79ef 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/borrowck/gather_loans.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/borrowck/gather_loans.rs
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ fn req_loans_in_expr(ex: @ast::expr,
     }
 
     // Special checks for various kinds of expressions:
-    match /*bad*/copy ex.node {
+    match ex.node {
       ast::expr_addr_of(mutbl, base) => {
         let base_cmt = self.bccx.cat_expr(base);
 
@@ -150,10 +150,10 @@ fn req_loans_in_expr(ex: @ast::expr,
         visit::visit_expr(ex, self, vt);
       }
 
-      ast::expr_call(f, args, _) => {
+      ast::expr_call(f, ref args, _) => {
         let arg_tys = ty::ty_fn_args(ty::expr_ty(self.tcx(), f));
         let scope_r = ty::re_scope(ex.id);
-        for vec::each2(args, arg_tys) |arg, arg_ty| {
+        for vec::each2(*args, arg_tys) |arg, arg_ty| {
             match ty::resolved_mode(self.tcx(), arg_ty.mode) {
                 ast::by_ref => {
                     let arg_cmt = self.bccx.cat_expr(*arg);
@@ -165,11 +165,11 @@ fn req_loans_in_expr(ex: @ast::expr,
         visit::visit_expr(ex, self, vt);
       }
 
-      ast::expr_method_call(rcvr, _, _, args, _) => {
+      ast::expr_method_call(rcvr, _, _, ref args, _) => {
         let arg_tys = ty::ty_fn_args(ty::node_id_to_type(self.tcx(),
                                                          ex.callee_id));
         let scope_r = ty::re_scope(ex.id);
-        for vec::each2(args, arg_tys) |arg, arg_ty| {
+        for vec::each2(*args, arg_tys) |arg, arg_ty| {
             match ty::resolved_mode(self.tcx(), arg_ty.mode) {
                 ast::by_ref => {
                     let arg_cmt = self.bccx.cat_expr(*arg);
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/check_match.rs b/src/librustc/middle/check_match.rs
index a7fb1506d18..245872c39c6 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/check_match.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/check_match.rs
@@ -243,8 +243,8 @@ pub fn is_useful(cx: @MatchCheckCtxt, m: &matrix, v: &[@pat]) -> useful {
               }
               ty::ty_unboxed_vec(*) | ty::ty_evec(*) => {
                 let max_len = do m.foldr(0) |r, max_len| {
-                  match /*bad*/copy r[0].node {
-                    pat_vec(before, _, after) => {
+                  match r[0].node {
+                    pat_vec(ref before, _, ref after) => {
                       uint::max(before.len() + after.len(), max_len)
                     }
                     _ => max_len
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ pub fn is_useful_specialized(cx: @MatchCheckCtxt,
 
 pub fn pat_ctor_id(cx: @MatchCheckCtxt, p: @pat) -> Option<ctor> {
     let pat = raw_pat(p);
-    match /*bad*/copy pat.node {
+    match pat.node {
       pat_wild => { None }
       pat_ident(_, _, _) | pat_enum(_, _) => {
         match cx.tcx.def_map.find(&pat.id) {
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ pub fn pat_ctor_id(cx: @MatchCheckCtxt, p: @pat) -> Option<ctor> {
       pat_box(_) | pat_uniq(_) | pat_tup(_) | pat_region(*) => {
         Some(single)
       }
-      pat_vec(before, slice, after) => {
+      pat_vec(ref before, slice, ref after) => {
         match slice {
           Some(_) => None,
           None => Some(vec(before.len() + after.len()))
@@ -448,8 +448,8 @@ pub fn missing_ctor(cx: @MatchCheckCtxt,
 }
 
 pub fn ctor_arity(cx: @MatchCheckCtxt, ctor: ctor, ty: ty::t) -> uint {
-    match /*bad*/copy ty::get(ty).sty {
-      ty::ty_tup(fs) => fs.len(),
+    match ty::get(ty).sty {
+      ty::ty_tup(ref fs) => fs.len(),
       ty::ty_box(_) | ty::ty_uniq(_) | ty::ty_rptr(*) => 1u,
       ty::ty_enum(eid, _) => {
           let id = match ctor { variant(id) => id,
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ pub fn is_refutable(cx: @MatchCheckCtxt, pat: &pat) -> bool {
       _ => ()
     }
 
-    match /*bad*/copy pat.node {
+    match pat.node {
       pat_box(sub) | pat_uniq(sub) | pat_region(sub) |
       pat_ident(_, _, Some(sub)) => {
         is_refutable(cx, sub)
@@ -715,13 +715,13 @@ pub fn is_refutable(cx: @MatchCheckCtxt, pat: &pat) -> bool {
         false
       }
       pat_lit(_) | pat_range(_, _) => { true }
-      pat_struct(_, fields, _) => {
+      pat_struct(_, ref fields, _) => {
         fields.any(|f| is_refutable(cx, f.pat))
       }
-      pat_tup(elts) => {
+      pat_tup(ref elts) => {
         elts.any(|elt| is_refutable(cx, *elt))
       }
-      pat_enum(_, Some(args)) => {
+      pat_enum(_, Some(ref args)) => {
         args.any(|a| is_refutable(cx, *a))
       }
       pat_enum(_,_) => { false }
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/const_eval.rs b/src/librustc/middle/const_eval.rs
index 441e01bbc34..4888a01c6b9 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/const_eval.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/const_eval.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ pub fn classify(e: @expr,
       Some(x) => x,
       None => {
         let cn =
-            match /*bad*/copy e.node {
+            match e.node {
               ast::expr_lit(lit) => {
                 match lit.node {
                   ast::lit_str(*) |
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ pub fn classify(e: @expr,
                      classify(b, def_map, tcx))
               }
 
-              ast::expr_tup(es) |
-              ast::expr_vec(es, ast::m_imm) => {
-                join_all(vec::map(es, |e| classify(*e, def_map, tcx)))
+              ast::expr_tup(ref es) |
+              ast::expr_vec(ref es, ast::m_imm) => {
+                join_all(vec::map(*es, |e| classify(*e, def_map, tcx)))
               }
 
               ast::expr_vstore(e, vstore) => {
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/freevars.rs b/src/librustc/middle/freevars.rs
index d6f0da6d7a3..e4ea2333d27 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/freevars.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/freevars.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ fn collect_freevars(def_map: resolve::DefMap, blk: &ast::blk)
                     Some(df) => {
                       let mut def = df;
                       while i < depth {
-                        match copy def {
+                        match def {
                           ast::def_upvar(_, inner, _, _) => { def = *inner; }
                           _ => break
                         }
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/lint.rs b/src/librustc/middle/lint.rs
index ccd7e35f817..a8fe25b61c7 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/lint.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/lint.rs
@@ -360,8 +360,8 @@ pub impl Context {
             let metas =
                 attr::attr_metas(attr::find_attrs_by_name(attrs, level_name));
             for metas.each |meta| {
-                match /*bad*/copy meta.node {
-                  ast::meta_list(_, metas) => {
+                match meta.node {
+                  ast::meta_list(_, ref metas) => {
                     for metas.each |meta| {
                         match meta.node {
                           ast::meta_word(ref lintname) => {
@@ -653,8 +653,8 @@ fn check_item_type_limits(cx: ty::ctxt, it: @ast::item) {
 }
 
 fn check_item_default_methods(cx: ty::ctxt, item: @ast::item) {
-    match /*bad*/copy item.node {
-        ast::item_trait(_, _, methods) => {
+    match item.node {
+        ast::item_trait(_, _, ref methods) => {
             for methods.each |method| {
                 match *method {
                     ast::required(*) => {}
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/liveness.rs b/src/librustc/middle/liveness.rs
index c2417f75a82..7f14b215858 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/liveness.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/liveness.rs
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ pub impl IrMaps {
     }
 
     fn variable_name(&mut self, var: Variable) -> @~str {
-        match copy self.var_kinds[*var] {
+        match self.var_kinds[*var] {
             Local(LocalInfo {ident: nm, _}) |
             Arg(_, nm, _) => self.tcx.sess.str_of(nm),
             ImplicitRet => @~"<implicit-ret>"
@@ -1065,8 +1065,8 @@ pub impl Liveness {
 
     fn propagate_through_decl(&self, decl: @decl, succ: LiveNode)
                              -> LiveNode {
-        match /*bad*/copy decl.node {
-          decl_local(locals) => {
+        match decl.node {
+          decl_local(ref locals) => {
             do locals.foldr(succ) |local, succ| {
                 self.propagate_through_local(*local, succ)
             }
@@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ pub impl Liveness {
         self.define_bindings_in_pat(local.node.pat, succ)
     }
 
-    fn propagate_through_exprs(&self, exprs: ~[@expr],
+    fn propagate_through_exprs(&self, exprs: &[@expr],
                                succ: LiveNode) -> LiveNode {
         do exprs.foldr(succ) |expr, succ| {
             self.propagate_through_expr(*expr, succ)
@@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ pub impl Liveness {
         debug!("propagate_through_expr: %s",
              expr_to_str(expr, self.tcx.sess.intr()));
 
-        match /*bad*/copy expr.node {
+        match expr.node {
           // Interesting cases with control flow or which gen/kill
 
           expr_path(_) => {
@@ -1283,8 +1283,8 @@ pub impl Liveness {
             self.propagate_through_expr(expr, succ)
           }
 
-          expr_vec(exprs, _) => {
-            self.propagate_through_exprs(exprs, succ)
+          expr_vec(ref exprs, _) => {
+            self.propagate_through_exprs(*exprs, succ)
           }
 
           expr_repeat(element, count, _) => {
@@ -1299,29 +1299,29 @@ pub impl Liveness {
             }
           }
 
-          expr_call(f, args, _) => {
+          expr_call(f, ref args, _) => {
             // calling a fn with bot return type means that the fn
             // will fail, and hence the successors can be ignored
             let t_ret = ty::ty_fn_ret(ty::expr_ty(self.tcx, f));
             let succ = if ty::type_is_bot(t_ret) {self.s.exit_ln}
                        else {succ};
-            let succ = self.propagate_through_exprs(args, succ);
+            let succ = self.propagate_through_exprs(*args, succ);
             self.propagate_through_expr(f, succ)
           }
 
-          expr_method_call(rcvr, _, _, args, _) => {
+          expr_method_call(rcvr, _, _, ref args, _) => {
             // calling a method with bot return type means that the method
             // will fail, and hence the successors can be ignored
             let t_ret = ty::ty_fn_ret(ty::node_id_to_type(self.tcx,
                                                           expr.callee_id));
             let succ = if ty::type_is_bot(t_ret) {self.s.exit_ln}
                        else {succ};
-            let succ = self.propagate_through_exprs(args, succ);
+            let succ = self.propagate_through_exprs(*args, succ);
             self.propagate_through_expr(rcvr, succ)
           }
 
-          expr_tup(exprs) => {
-            self.propagate_through_exprs(exprs, succ)
+          expr_tup(ref exprs) => {
+            self.propagate_through_exprs(*exprs, succ)
           }
 
           expr_binary(op, l, r) if ast_util::lazy_binop(op) => {
@@ -1350,7 +1350,7 @@ pub impl Liveness {
             self.propagate_through_expr(e, succ)
           }
 
-          expr_inline_asm(_, ins, outs, _, _, _) =>{
+          expr_inline_asm(_, ref ins, ref outs, _, _, _) =>{
             let succ = do ins.foldr(succ) |&(_, expr), succ| {
                 self.propagate_through_expr(expr, succ)
             };
@@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ fn check_arm(arm: &arm, &&self: @Liveness, vt: vt<@Liveness>) {
 }
 
 fn check_expr(expr: @expr, &&self: @Liveness, vt: vt<@Liveness>) {
-    match /*bad*/copy expr.node {
+    match expr.node {
       expr_path(_) => {
         for self.variable_from_def_map(expr.id, expr.span).each |var| {
             let ln = self.live_node(expr.id, expr.span);
@@ -1624,7 +1624,7 @@ fn check_expr(expr: @expr, &&self: @Liveness, vt: vt<@Liveness>) {
         visit::visit_expr(expr, self, vt);
       }
 
-      expr_inline_asm(_, ins, outs, _, _, _) => {
+      expr_inline_asm(_, ref ins, ref outs, _, _, _) => {
         for ins.each |&(_, in)| {
           (vt.visit_expr)(in, self, vt);
         }
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/mem_categorization.rs b/src/librustc/middle/mem_categorization.rs
index c25266b4531..fee3695002d 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/mem_categorization.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/mem_categorization.rs
@@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ pub fn field_mutbl(tcx: ty::ctxt,
                    node_id: ast::node_id)
                 -> Option<ast::mutability> {
     // Need to refactor so that struct/enum fields can be treated uniformly.
-    match /*bad*/copy ty::get(base_ty).sty {
+    match ty::get(base_ty).sty {
       ty::ty_struct(did, _) => {
         for ty::lookup_struct_fields(tcx, did).each |fld| {
             if fld.ident == f_name {
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/privacy.rs b/src/librustc/middle/privacy.rs
index 3e3b1eb2071..4ca8885c554 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/privacy.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/privacy.rs
@@ -375,8 +375,8 @@ pub fn check_crate(tcx: ty::ctxt,
             visit::visit_expr(expr, method_map, visitor);
         },
         visit_pat: |pattern, method_map, visitor| {
-            match /*bad*/copy pattern.node {
-                pat_struct(_, fields, _) => {
+            match pattern.node {
+                pat_struct(_, ref fields, _) => {
                     match ty::get(ty::pat_ty(tcx, pattern)).sty {
                         ty_struct(id, _) => {
                             if id.crate != local_crate ||
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/resolve.rs b/src/librustc/middle/resolve.rs
index 6561da0862a..6c2168548f1 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/resolve.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/resolve.rs
@@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
         let sp = item.span;
         let privacy = visibility_to_privacy(item.vis);
 
-        match /*bad*/copy item.node {
+        match item.node {
             item_mod(ref module_) => {
                 let (name_bindings, new_parent) =
                     self.add_child(ident, parent, ForbidDuplicateModules, sp);
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
                 visit_mod(module_, sp, item.id, new_parent, visitor);
             }
 
-            item_foreign_mod(fm) => {
+            item_foreign_mod(ref fm) => {
                 let new_parent = match fm.sort {
                     named => {
                         let (name_bindings, new_parent) =
@@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
                 visit_item(item, new_parent, visitor);
             }
 
-            item_impl(_, trait_ref_opt, ty, methods) => {
+            item_impl(_, trait_ref_opt, ty, ref methods) => {
                 // If this implements an anonymous trait and it has static
                 // methods, then add all the static methods within to a new
                 // module, if the type was defined within this module.
@@ -1401,8 +1401,8 @@ pub impl Resolver {
                                          parent: ReducedGraphParent,
                                          &&_visitor: vt<ReducedGraphParent>) {
         let privacy = visibility_to_privacy(view_item.vis);
-        match /*bad*/copy view_item.node {
-            view_item_use(view_paths) => {
+        match view_item.node {
+            view_item_use(ref view_paths) => {
                 for view_paths.each |view_path| {
                     // Extract and intern the module part of the path. For
                     // globs and lists, the path is found directly in the AST;
@@ -1571,7 +1571,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
                            new_parent: ReducedGraphParent) {
         match def {
           def_mod(def_id) | def_foreign_mod(def_id) => {
-            match copy child_name_bindings.type_def {
+            match child_name_bindings.type_def {
               Some(TypeNsDef { module_def: Some(copy module_def), _ }) => {
                 debug!("(building reduced graph for external crate) \
                         already created module");
@@ -1790,7 +1790,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
                                     // Process the static methods. First,
                                     // create the module.
                                     let type_module;
-                                    match copy child_name_bindings.type_def {
+                                    match child_name_bindings.type_def {
                                         Some(TypeNsDef {
                                             module_def: Some(copy module_def),
                                             _
@@ -2008,10 +2008,13 @@ pub impl Resolver {
     }
 
     fn idents_to_str(@mut self, idents: &[ident]) -> ~str {
-        let ident_strs = do idents.map |ident| {
-            /*bad*/ copy *self.session.str_of(*ident)
+        let mut first = true;
+        let mut result = ~"";
+        for idents.each |ident| {
+            if first { first = false; } else { result += "::" };
+            result += *self.session.str_of(*ident);
         };
-        str::connect(ident_strs, "::")
+        return result;
     }
 
     fn import_directive_subclass_to_str(@mut self,
@@ -2511,22 +2514,22 @@ pub impl Resolver {
                     // Merge the two import resolutions at a finer-grained
                     // level.
 
-                    match copy target_import_resolution.value_target {
+                    match target_import_resolution.value_target {
                         None => {
                             // Continue.
                         }
-                        Some(value_target) => {
+                        Some(copy value_target) => {
                             dest_import_resolution.value_target =
-                                Some(copy value_target);
+                                Some(value_target);
                         }
                     }
-                    match copy target_import_resolution.type_target {
+                    match target_import_resolution.type_target {
                         None => {
                             // Continue.
                         }
-                        Some(type_target) => {
+                        Some(copy type_target) => {
                             dest_import_resolution.type_target =
-                                Some(copy type_target);
+                                Some(type_target);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -3149,7 +3152,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
         let mut exports2 = ~[];
 
         self.add_exports_for_module(&mut exports2, module_);
-        match copy module_.def_id {
+        match /*bad*/copy module_.def_id {
             Some(def_id) => {
                 self.export_map2.insert(def_id.node, exports2);
                 debug!("(computing exports) writing exports for %d (some)",
@@ -3448,12 +3451,12 @@ pub impl Resolver {
         // Items with the !resolve_unexported attribute are X-ray contexts.
         // This is used to allow the test runner to run unexported tests.
         let orig_xray_flag = self.xray_context;
-        if contains_name(attr_metas(/*bad*/copy item.attrs),
+        if contains_name(attr_metas(item.attrs),
                          ~"!resolve_unexported") {
             self.xray_context = Xray;
         }
 
-        match /*bad*/copy item.node {
+        match item.node {
 
             // enum item: resolve all the variants' discrs,
             // then resolve the ty params
@@ -3578,7 +3581,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
                 self.type_ribs.pop();
             }
 
-            item_struct(struct_def, ref generics) => {
+            item_struct(ref struct_def, ref generics) => {
                 self.resolve_struct(item.id,
                                     generics,
                                     struct_def.fields,
@@ -3593,7 +3596,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
                 }
             }
 
-            item_foreign_mod(foreign_module) => {
+            item_foreign_mod(ref foreign_module) => {
                 do self.with_scope(Some(item.ident)) {
                     for foreign_module.items.each |foreign_item| {
                         match foreign_item.node {
@@ -3639,7 +3642,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
                 }
 
                 self.resolve_function(OpaqueFunctionRibKind,
-                                      Some(@/*bad*/copy *fn_decl),
+                                      Some(fn_decl),
                                       HasTypeParameters
                                         (generics,
                                          item.id,
@@ -3721,7 +3724,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
 
     fn resolve_function(@mut self,
                         rib_kind: RibKind,
-                        optional_declaration: Option<@fn_decl>,
+                        optional_declaration: Option<&fn_decl>,
                         type_parameters: TypeParameters,
                         block: &blk,
                         self_binding: SelfBinding,
@@ -3868,7 +3871,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
         };
 
         self.resolve_function(rib_kind,
-                              Some(@/*bad*/copy method.decl),
+                              Some(&method.decl),
                               type_parameters,
                               &method.body,
                               self_binding,
@@ -4133,7 +4136,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
                     }
                 }
 
-                match copy result_def {
+                match result_def {
                     Some(def) => {
                         // Write the result into the def map.
                         debug!("(resolving type) writing resolution for `%s` \
@@ -4681,7 +4684,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
             }
         }
 
-        match copy search_result {
+        match search_result {
             Some(dl_def(def)) => {
                 debug!("(resolving path in local ribs) resolved `%s` to \
                         local: %?",
@@ -4823,7 +4826,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
                     }
                     None => {
                         let wrong_name = self.idents_to_str(
-                            /*bad*/copy path.idents);
+                            path.idents);
                         if self.name_exists_in_scope_struct(wrong_name) {
                             self.session.span_err(expr.span,
                                         fmt!("unresolved name: `%s`. \
@@ -4855,7 +4858,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
 
             expr_fn_block(ref fn_decl, ref block) => {
                 self.resolve_function(FunctionRibKind(expr.id, block.node.id),
-                                      Some(@/*bad*/copy *fn_decl),
+                                      Some(fn_decl),
                                       NoTypeParameters,
                                       block,
                                       NoSelfBinding,
@@ -5007,7 +5010,7 @@ pub impl Resolver {
         let mut search_module = self.current_module;
         loop {
             // Look for the current trait.
-            match copy self.current_trait_refs {
+            match /*bad*/copy self.current_trait_refs {
                 Some(trait_def_ids) => {
                     for trait_def_ids.each |trait_def_id| {
                         self.add_trait_info_if_containing_method(
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/trans/_match.rs b/src/librustc/middle/trans/_match.rs
index 8f0d9eb953f..45fe40ca1f7 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/trans/_match.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/trans/_match.rs
@@ -501,12 +501,13 @@ pub fn enter_opt(bcx: block, m: &[@Match/&r], opt: &Opt, col: uint,
     let tcx = bcx.tcx();
     let dummy = @ast::pat {id: 0, node: ast::pat_wild, span: dummy_sp()};
     do enter_match(bcx, tcx.def_map, m, col, val) |p| {
-        match /*bad*/copy p.node {
-            ast::pat_enum(_, subpats) => {
+        match p.node {
+            ast::pat_enum(_, ref subpats) => {
                 if opt_eq(tcx, &variant_opt(bcx, p.id), opt) {
-                    Some(option::get_or_default(subpats,
-                                             vec::from_elem(variant_size,
-                                                            dummy)))
+                    match *subpats {
+                        None => Some(vec::from_elem(variant_size, dummy)),
+                        _ => copy *subpats
+                    }
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
@@ -534,7 +535,7 @@ pub fn enter_opt(bcx: block, m: &[@Match/&r], opt: &Opt, col: uint,
             ast::pat_range(l1, l2) => {
                 if opt_eq(tcx, &range(l1, l2), opt) {Some(~[])} else {None}
             }
-            ast::pat_struct(_, field_pats, _) => {
+            ast::pat_struct(_, ref field_pats, _) => {
                 if opt_eq(tcx, &variant_opt(bcx, p.id), opt) {
                     // Look up the struct variant ID.
                     let struct_id;
@@ -565,14 +566,14 @@ pub fn enter_opt(bcx: block, m: &[@Match/&r], opt: &Opt, col: uint,
                     None
                 }
             }
-            ast::pat_vec(before, slice, after) => {
+            ast::pat_vec(ref before, slice, ref after) => {
                 match slice {
-                    Some(_) => {
+                    Some(slice) => {
                         let n = before.len() + after.len();
                         let i = before.len();
                         if opt_eq(tcx, &vec_len_ge(n, i), opt) {
-                            Some(vec::concat(
-                                &[before, ~[slice.get()], after]))
+                            Some(vec::append_one(copy *before, slice) +
+                                    *after)
                         } else {
                             None
                         }
@@ -580,7 +581,7 @@ pub fn enter_opt(bcx: block, m: &[@Match/&r], opt: &Opt, col: uint,
                     None => {
                         let n = before.len();
                         if opt_eq(tcx, &vec_len_eq(n), opt) {
-                            Some(copy before)
+                            Some(copy *before)
                         } else {
                             None
                         }
@@ -611,10 +612,10 @@ pub fn enter_rec_or_struct(bcx: block,
 
     let dummy = @ast::pat {id: 0, node: ast::pat_wild, span: dummy_sp()};
     do enter_match(bcx, dm, m, col, val) |p| {
-        match /*bad*/copy p.node {
-            ast::pat_struct(_, fpats, _) => {
+        match p.node {
+            ast::pat_struct(_, ref fpats, _) => {
                 let mut pats = ~[];
-                for vec::each(fields) |fname| {
+                for fields.each |fname| {
                     match fpats.find(|p| p.ident == *fname) {
                         None => pats.push(dummy),
                         Some(pat) => pats.push(pat.pat)
@@ -642,8 +643,8 @@ pub fn enter_tup(bcx: block, dm: DefMap, m: &[@Match/&r],
 
     let dummy = @ast::pat {id: 0, node: ast::pat_wild, span: dummy_sp()};
     do enter_match(bcx, dm, m, col, val) |p| {
-        match /*bad*/copy p.node {
-            ast::pat_tup(elts) => {
+        match p.node {
+            ast::pat_tup(/*bad*/copy elts) => {
                 Some(elts)
             }
             _ => {
@@ -670,8 +671,8 @@ pub fn enter_tuple_struct(bcx: block,
 
     let dummy = @ast::pat {id: 0, node: ast::pat_wild, span: dummy_sp()};
     do enter_match(bcx, dm, m, col, val) |p| {
-        match /*bad*/copy p.node {
-            ast::pat_enum(_, Some(elts)) => Some(elts),
+        match p.node {
+            ast::pat_enum(_, Some(/*bad*/copy elts)) => Some(elts),
             _ => {
                 assert_is_binding_or_wild(bcx, p);
                 Some(vec::from_elem(n_elts, dummy))
@@ -774,7 +775,7 @@ pub fn get_options(bcx: block, m: &[@Match], col: uint) -> ~[Opt] {
     let mut found = ~[];
     for m.each |br| {
         let cur = br.pats[col];
-        match /*bad*/copy cur.node {
+        match cur.node {
             ast::pat_lit(l) => {
                 add_to_set(ccx.tcx, &mut found, lit(ExprLit(l)));
             }
@@ -811,7 +812,7 @@ pub fn get_options(bcx: block, m: &[@Match], col: uint) -> ~[Opt] {
             ast::pat_range(l1, l2) => {
                 add_to_set(ccx.tcx, &mut found, range(l1, l2));
             }
-            ast::pat_vec(before, slice, after) => {
+            ast::pat_vec(ref before, slice, ref after) => {
                 let opt = match slice {
                     None => vec_len_eq(before.len()),
                     Some(_) => vec_len_ge(before.len() + after.len(),
@@ -902,10 +903,10 @@ pub fn collect_record_or_struct_fields(bcx: block,
                                     -> ~[ast::ident] {
     let mut fields: ~[ast::ident] = ~[];
     for vec::each(m) |br| {
-        match /*bad*/copy br.pats[col].node {
-          ast::pat_struct(_, fs, _) => {
+        match br.pats[col].node {
+          ast::pat_struct(_, ref fs, _) => {
             match ty::get(node_id_type(bcx, br.pats[col].id)).sty {
-              ty::ty_struct(*) => extend(&mut fields, fs),
+              ty::ty_struct(*) => extend(&mut fields, *fs),
               _ => ()
             }
           }
@@ -1300,8 +1301,8 @@ pub fn compile_submatch(bcx: block,
     if any_tup_pat(m, col) {
         let tup_ty = node_id_type(bcx, pat_id);
         let tup_repr = adt::represent_type(bcx.ccx(), tup_ty);
-        let n_tup_elts = match /*bad*/copy ty::get(tup_ty).sty {
-          ty::ty_tup(elts) => elts.len(),
+        let n_tup_elts = match ty::get(tup_ty).sty {
+          ty::ty_tup(ref elts) => elts.len(),
           _ => ccx.sess.bug(~"non-tuple type in tuple pattern")
         };
         let tup_vals = do vec::from_fn(n_tup_elts) |i| {
@@ -1701,8 +1702,8 @@ pub fn bind_irrefutable_pat(bcx: block,
     let mut bcx = bcx;
 
     // Necessary since bind_irrefutable_pat is called outside trans_match
-    match /*bad*/copy pat.node {
-        ast::pat_ident(_, _,inner) => {
+    match pat.node {
+        ast::pat_ident(_, _, ref inner) => {
             if pat_is_variant_or_struct(bcx.tcx().def_map, pat) {
                 return bcx;
             }
@@ -1740,7 +1741,7 @@ pub fn bind_irrefutable_pat(bcx: block,
                     bcx, *inner_pat, val, true, binding_mode);
             }
         }
-        ast::pat_enum(_, sub_pats) => {
+        ast::pat_enum(_, ref sub_pats) => {
             match bcx.tcx().def_map.find(&pat.id) {
                 Some(ast::def_variant(enum_id, var_id)) => {
                     let repr = adt::represent_node(bcx, pat.id);
@@ -1762,14 +1763,14 @@ pub fn bind_irrefutable_pat(bcx: block,
                     }
                 }
                 Some(ast::def_struct(*)) => {
-                    match sub_pats {
+                    match *sub_pats {
                         None => {
                             // This is a unit-like struct. Nothing to do here.
                         }
-                        Some(elems) => {
+                        Some(ref elems) => {
                             // This is the tuple struct case.
                             let repr = adt::represent_node(bcx, pat.id);
-                            for vec::eachi(elems) |i, elem| {
+                            for elems.eachi |i, elem| {
                                 let fldptr = adt::trans_field_ptr(bcx, repr,
                                                             val, 0, i);
                                 bcx = bind_irrefutable_pat(bcx,
@@ -1786,12 +1787,12 @@ pub fn bind_irrefutable_pat(bcx: block,
                 }
             }
         }
-        ast::pat_struct(_, fields, _) => {
+        ast::pat_struct(_, ref fields, _) => {
             let tcx = bcx.tcx();
             let pat_ty = node_id_type(bcx, pat.id);
             let pat_repr = adt::represent_type(bcx.ccx(), pat_ty);
             do expr::with_field_tys(tcx, pat_ty, None) |discr, field_tys| {
-                for vec::each(fields) |f| {
+                for fields.each |f| {
                     let ix = ty::field_idx_strict(tcx, f.ident, field_tys);
                     let fldptr = adt::trans_field_ptr(bcx, pat_repr, val,
                                                 discr, ix);
@@ -1803,9 +1804,9 @@ pub fn bind_irrefutable_pat(bcx: block,
                 }
             }
         }
-        ast::pat_tup(elems) => {
+        ast::pat_tup(ref elems) => {
             let repr = adt::represent_node(bcx, pat.id);
-            for vec::eachi(elems) |i, elem| {
+            for elems.eachi |i, elem| {
                 let fldptr = adt::trans_field_ptr(bcx, repr, val, 0, i);
                 bcx = bind_irrefutable_pat(bcx,
                                            *elem,
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/trans/base.rs b/src/librustc/middle/trans/base.rs
index 4836ce062c9..8816c4a359b 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/trans/base.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/trans/base.rs
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ pub fn iter_structural_ty(cx: block, av: ValueRef, t: ty::t,
     }
 
     let mut cx = cx;
-    match /*bad*/copy ty::get(t).sty {
+    match ty::get(t).sty {
       ty::ty_struct(*) => {
           let repr = adt::represent_type(cx.ccx(), t);
           do expr::with_field_tys(cx.tcx(), t, None) |discr, field_tys| {
@@ -653,9 +653,9 @@ pub fn iter_structural_ty(cx: block, av: ValueRef, t: ty::t,
         let (base, len) = tvec::get_base_and_len(cx, av, t);
         cx = tvec::iter_vec_raw(cx, base, t, len, f);
       }
-      ty::ty_tup(args) => {
+      ty::ty_tup(ref args) => {
           let repr = adt::represent_type(cx.ccx(), t);
-          for vec::eachi(args) |i, arg| {
+          for args.eachi |i, arg| {
               let llfld_a = adt::trans_field_ptr(cx, repr, av, 0, i);
               cx = f(cx, llfld_a, *arg);
           }
@@ -756,9 +756,9 @@ pub fn cast_shift_rhs(op: ast::binop,
 pub fn fail_if_zero(cx: block, span: span, divmod: ast::binop,
                     rhs: ValueRef, rhs_t: ty::t) -> block {
     let text = if divmod == ast::div {
-        ~"divide by zero"
+        @~"divide by zero"
     } else {
-        ~"modulo zero"
+        @~"modulo zero"
     };
     let is_zero = match ty::get(rhs_t).sty {
       ty::ty_int(t) => {
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ pub fn fail_if_zero(cx: block, span: span, divmod: ast::binop,
       }
     };
     do with_cond(cx, is_zero) |bcx| {
-        controlflow::trans_fail(bcx, Some(span), @/*bad*/copy text)
+        controlflow::trans_fail(bcx, Some(span), text)
     }
 }
 
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ pub fn get_landing_pad(bcx: block) -> BasicBlockRef {
     let mut cached = None, pad_bcx = bcx; // Guaranteed to be set below
     do in_lpad_scope_cx(bcx) |inf| {
         // If there is a valid landing pad still around, use it
-        match copy inf.landing_pad {
+        match inf.landing_pad {
           Some(target) => cached = Some(target),
           None => {
             pad_bcx = lpad_block(bcx, ~"unwind");
@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ pub fn get_landing_pad(bcx: block) -> BasicBlockRef {
 
     // We store the retval in a function-central alloca, so that calls to
     // Resume can find it.
-    match copy bcx.fcx.personality {
+    match bcx.fcx.personality {
       Some(addr) => Store(pad_bcx, llretval, addr),
       None => {
         let addr = alloca(pad_bcx, val_ty(llretval));
@@ -1143,9 +1143,9 @@ pub fn trans_stmt(cx: block, s: ast::stmt) -> block {
             bcx = expr::trans_into(cx, e, expr::Ignore);
         }
         ast::stmt_decl(d, _) => {
-            match /*bad*/copy d.node {
-                ast::decl_local(locals) => {
-                    for vec::each(locals) |local| {
+            match d.node {
+                ast::decl_local(ref locals) => {
+                    for locals.each |local| {
                         bcx = init_local(bcx, *local);
                         if cx.sess().opts.extra_debuginfo {
                             debuginfo::create_local_var(bcx, *local);
@@ -1390,9 +1390,9 @@ pub fn block_locals(b: &ast::blk, it: &fn(@ast::local)) {
     for vec::each(b.node.stmts) |s| {
         match s.node {
           ast::stmt_decl(d, _) => {
-            match /*bad*/copy d.node {
-              ast::decl_local(locals) => {
-                for vec::each(locals) |local| {
+            match d.node {
+              ast::decl_local(ref locals) => {
+                for locals.each |local| {
                     it(*local);
                 }
               }
@@ -1771,7 +1771,7 @@ pub fn trans_closure(ccx: @CrateContext,
     let fcx = new_fn_ctxt_w_id(ccx, path, llfndecl, id, impl_id, param_substs,
                                   Some(body.span));
     let raw_llargs = create_llargs_for_fn_args(fcx, ty_self,
-                                               /*bad*/copy decl.inputs);
+                                               decl.inputs);
 
     // Set GC for function.
     if ccx.sess.opts.gc {
@@ -1871,8 +1871,8 @@ pub fn trans_enum_variant(ccx: @CrateContext,
                                param_substs, None);
     let raw_llargs = create_llargs_for_fn_args(fcx, no_self, fn_args);
     let ty_param_substs = match param_substs {
-      Some(ref substs) => /*bad*/copy substs.tys,
-      None => ~[]
+        Some(ref substs) => { copy substs.tys }
+        None => ~[]
     };
     let bcx = top_scope_block(fcx, None), lltop = bcx.llbb;
     let arg_tys = ty::ty_fn_args(node_id_type(bcx, variant.node.id));
@@ -1932,8 +1932,7 @@ pub fn trans_tuple_struct(ccx: @CrateContext,
                                param_substs,
                                None);
 
-    // XXX: Bad copy.
-    let raw_llargs = create_llargs_for_fn_args(fcx, no_self, copy fn_args);
+    let raw_llargs = create_llargs_for_fn_args(fcx, no_self, fn_args);
 
     let bcx = top_scope_block(fcx, None);
     let lltop = bcx.llbb;
@@ -1942,7 +1941,7 @@ pub fn trans_tuple_struct(ccx: @CrateContext,
 
     // XXX is there a better way to reconstruct the ty::t?
     let ty_param_substs = match param_substs {
-        Some(ref substs) => /*bad*/copy substs.tys,
+        Some(ref substs) => { copy substs.tys }
         None => ~[]
     };
     let ctor_ty = ty::subst_tps(ccx.tcx, ty_param_substs, None,
@@ -2022,7 +2021,7 @@ pub fn trans_enum_def(ccx: @CrateContext, enum_definition: ast::enum_def,
         match variant.node.kind {
             ast::tuple_variant_kind(ref args) if args.len() > 0 => {
                 let llfn = get_item_val(ccx, variant.node.id);
-                trans_enum_variant(ccx, id, *variant, /*bad*/copy *args,
+                trans_enum_variant(ccx, id, *variant, *args,
                                    disr_val, None, llfn);
             }
             ast::tuple_variant_kind(_) => {
@@ -2051,7 +2050,7 @@ pub fn trans_item(ccx: @CrateContext, item: ast::item) {
         // tjc: ?
         _ => fail!(~"trans_item"),
     };
-    match /*bad*/copy item.node {
+    match item.node {
       ast::item_fn(ref decl, purity, ref generics, ref body) => {
         if purity == ast::extern_fn  {
             let llfndecl = get_item_val(ccx, item.id);
@@ -2096,11 +2095,11 @@ pub fn trans_item(ccx: @CrateContext, item: ast::item) {
       ast::item_foreign_mod(ref foreign_mod) => {
         let abi = match attr::foreign_abi(item.attrs) {
             Right(abi_) => abi_,
-            Left(ref msg) => ccx.sess.span_fatal(item.span, /*bad*/copy *msg)
+            Left(msg) => ccx.sess.span_fatal(item.span, msg)
         };
         foreign::trans_foreign_mod(ccx, foreign_mod, abi);
       }
-      ast::item_struct(struct_def, generics) => {
+      ast::item_struct(struct_def, ref generics) => {
         if !generics.is_type_parameterized() {
             trans_struct_def(ccx, struct_def, path, item.id);
         }
@@ -2124,7 +2123,7 @@ pub fn trans_struct_def(ccx: @CrateContext, struct_def: @ast::struct_def,
         // otherwise this is a unit-like struct.
         Some(ctor_id) if struct_def.fields.len() > 0 => {
             let llfndecl = get_item_val(ccx, ctor_id);
-            trans_tuple_struct(ccx, /*bad*/copy struct_def.fields,
+            trans_tuple_struct(ccx, struct_def.fields,
                                ctor_id, None, llfndecl);
         }
         Some(_) | None => {}
@@ -2405,7 +2404,7 @@ pub fn get_item_val(ccx: @CrateContext, id: ast::node_id) -> ValueRef {
                                                  i.id,
                                                  i.attrs)
                 };
-                set_inline_hint_if_appr(/*bad*/copy i.attrs, llfn);
+                set_inline_hint_if_appr(i.attrs, llfn);
                 llfn
               }
               _ => fail!(~"get_item_val: weird result in table")
@@ -2479,8 +2478,8 @@ pub fn get_item_val(ccx: @CrateContext, id: ast::node_id) -> ValueRef {
 
           ast_map::node_variant(ref v, enm, pth) => {
             let llfn;
-            match /*bad*/copy (*v).node.kind {
-                ast::tuple_variant_kind(args) => {
+            match v.node.kind {
+                ast::tuple_variant_kind(ref args) => {
                     fail_unless!(args.len() != 0u);
                     let pth = vec::append(/*bad*/copy *pth,
                                           ~[path_name(enm.ident),
@@ -2543,7 +2542,7 @@ pub fn register_method(ccx: @CrateContext,
     let pth = vec::append(/*bad*/copy *pth, ~[path_name((ccx.names)(~"meth")),
                                   path_name(m.ident)]);
     let llfn = register_fn_full(ccx, m.span, pth, id, m.attrs, mty);
-    set_inline_hint_if_appr(/*bad*/copy m.attrs, llfn);
+    set_inline_hint_if_appr(m.attrs, llfn);
     llfn
 }
 
@@ -3013,8 +3012,8 @@ pub fn trans_crate(sess: session::Session,
             llvm::LLVMModuleCreateWithNameInContext
                 (buf, llvm::LLVMGetGlobalContext())
         });
-        let data_layout = /*bad*/copy sess.targ_cfg.target_strs.data_layout;
-        let targ_triple = /*bad*/copy sess.targ_cfg.target_strs.target_triple;
+        let data_layout: &str = sess.targ_cfg.target_strs.data_layout;
+        let targ_triple: &str = sess.targ_cfg.target_strs.target_triple;
         let _: () =
             str::as_c_str(data_layout,
                         |buf| llvm::LLVMSetDataLayout(llmod, buf));
@@ -3022,8 +3021,7 @@ pub fn trans_crate(sess: session::Session,
             str::as_c_str(targ_triple,
                         |buf| llvm::LLVMSetTarget(llmod, buf));
         let targ_cfg = sess.targ_cfg;
-        let td = mk_target_data(
-            /*bad*/copy sess.targ_cfg.target_strs.data_layout);
+        let td = mk_target_data(sess.targ_cfg.target_strs.data_layout);
         let tn = mk_type_names();
         let intrinsics = declare_intrinsics(llmod);
         if sess.opts.extra_debuginfo {
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/trans/build.rs b/src/librustc/middle/trans/build.rs
index 96c124d60de..0933cf6c8e5 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/trans/build.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/trans/build.rs
@@ -70,10 +70,9 @@ pub fn count_insn(cx: block, category: &str) {
         let mut s = ~".";
         i = 0u;
         while i < len {
-            let e = /*bad*/copy v[i];
-            i = mm.get(&e);
+            i = mm.get(&v[i]);
             s += ~"/";
-            s += e;
+            s += v[i];
             i += 1u;
         }
 
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/trans/common.rs b/src/librustc/middle/trans/common.rs
index 04e25bdbf21..8c95ee4fd96 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/trans/common.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/trans/common.rs
@@ -1291,14 +1291,14 @@ pub type mono_id = @mono_id_;
 
 impl to_bytes::IterBytes for mono_param_id {
     pure fn iter_bytes(&self, +lsb0: bool, f: to_bytes::Cb) {
-        match /*bad*/copy *self {
-          mono_precise(t, mids) =>
-          to_bytes::iter_bytes_3(&0u8, &ty::type_id(t), &mids, lsb0, f),
+        match *self {
+            mono_precise(t, ref mids) =>
+                to_bytes::iter_bytes_3(&0u8, &ty::type_id(t), mids, lsb0, f),
 
-          mono_any => 1u8.iter_bytes(lsb0, f),
+            mono_any => 1u8.iter_bytes(lsb0, f),
 
-          mono_repr(ref a, ref b, ref c, ref d) =>
-          to_bytes::iter_bytes_5(&2u8, a, b, c, d, lsb0, f)
+            mono_repr(ref a, ref b, ref c, ref d) =>
+                to_bytes::iter_bytes_5(&2u8, a, b, c, d, lsb0, f)
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1340,7 +1340,7 @@ pub fn path_str(sess: session::Session, p: &[path_elt]) -> ~str {
 }
 
 pub fn monomorphize_type(bcx: block, t: ty::t) -> ty::t {
-    match /*bad*/copy bcx.fcx.param_substs {
+    match bcx.fcx.param_substs {
         Some(substs) => {
             ty::subst_tps(bcx.tcx(), substs.tys, substs.self_ty, t)
         }
@@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ pub fn expr_ty_adjusted(bcx: block, ex: @ast::expr) -> ty::t {
 pub fn node_id_type_params(bcx: block, id: ast::node_id) -> ~[ty::t] {
     let tcx = bcx.tcx();
     let params = ty::node_id_to_type_params(tcx, id);
-    match /*bad*/copy bcx.fcx.param_substs {
+    match bcx.fcx.param_substs {
       Some(substs) => {
         do vec::map(params) |t| {
             ty::subst_tps(tcx, substs.tys, substs.self_ty, *t)
@@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ pub fn resolve_vtable_in_fn_ctxt(fcx: fn_ctxt, +vt: typeck::vtable_origin)
     let tcx = fcx.ccx.tcx;
     match vt {
         typeck::vtable_static(trait_id, tys, sub) => {
-            let tys = match /*bad*/copy fcx.param_substs {
+            let tys = match fcx.param_substs {
                 Some(substs) => {
                     do vec::map(tys) |t| {
                         ty::subst_tps(tcx, substs.tys, substs.self_ty, *t)
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/trans/consts.rs b/src/librustc/middle/trans/consts.rs
index 1d1fb13db0c..b630a9b44e8 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/trans/consts.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/trans/consts.rs
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ pub fn const_expr(cx: @CrateContext, e: @ast::expr) -> ValueRef {
 fn const_expr_unadjusted(cx: @CrateContext, e: @ast::expr) -> ValueRef {
     unsafe {
         let _icx = cx.insn_ctxt("const_expr");
-        return match /*bad*/copy e.node {
+        return match e.node {
           ast::expr_lit(lit) => consts::const_lit(cx, e, *lit),
           ast::expr_binary(b, e1, e2) => {
             let te1 = const_expr(cx, e1);
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ fn const_expr_unadjusted(cx: @CrateContext, e: @ast::expr) -> ValueRef {
           ast::expr_addr_of(ast::m_imm, sub) => {
               const_addr_of(cx, const_expr(cx, sub))
           }
-          ast::expr_tup(es) => {
+          ast::expr_tup(ref es) => {
               let ety = ty::expr_ty(cx.tcx, e);
               let repr = adt::represent_type(cx, ety);
               adt::trans_const(cx, repr, 0, es.map(|e| const_expr(cx, *e)))
@@ -460,24 +460,24 @@ fn const_expr_unadjusted(cx: @CrateContext, e: @ast::expr) -> ValueRef {
                   adt::trans_const(cx, repr, discr, cs)
               }
           }
-          ast::expr_vec(es, ast::m_imm) => {
-            let (v, _, _) = const_vec(cx, e, es);
+          ast::expr_vec(ref es, ast::m_imm) => {
+            let (v, _, _) = const_vec(cx, e, *es);
             v
           }
           ast::expr_vstore(e, ast::expr_vstore_fixed(_)) => {
             const_expr(cx, e)
           }
           ast::expr_vstore(sub, ast::expr_vstore_slice) => {
-            match /*bad*/copy sub.node {
-              ast::expr_lit(lit) => {
+            match sub.node {
+              ast::expr_lit(ref lit) => {
                 match lit.node {
                   ast::lit_str(*) => { const_expr(cx, sub) }
                   _ => { cx.sess.span_bug(e.span,
                                           ~"bad const-slice lit") }
                 }
               }
-              ast::expr_vec(es, ast::m_imm) => {
-                let (cv, sz, llunitty) = const_vec(cx, e, es);
+              ast::expr_vec(ref es, ast::m_imm) => {
+                let (cv, sz, llunitty) = const_vec(cx, e, *es);
                 let llty = val_ty(cv);
                 let gv = do str::as_c_str("const") |name| {
                     llvm::LLVMAddGlobal(cx.llmod, llty, name)
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ fn const_expr_unadjusted(cx: @CrateContext, e: @ast::expr) -> ValueRef {
                 }
             }
           }
-          ast::expr_call(callee, args, _) => {
+          ast::expr_call(callee, ref args, _) => {
               match cx.tcx.def_map.find(&callee.id) {
                   Some(ast::def_struct(_)) => {
                       let ety = ty::expr_ty(cx.tcx, e);
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/trans/debuginfo.rs b/src/librustc/middle/trans/debuginfo.rs
index e4b9d01c509..f74f83e4573 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/trans/debuginfo.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/trans/debuginfo.rs
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ fn create_struct(cx: @CrateContext, t: ty::t, fields: ~[ty::field],
     return mdval;
 }
 
-fn create_tuple(cx: @CrateContext, t: ty::t, elements: ~[ty::t], span: span)
+fn create_tuple(cx: @CrateContext, t: ty::t, elements: &[ty::t], span: span)
     -> @Metadata<TyDescMetadata> {
     let fname = filename_from_span(cx, span);
     let file_node = create_file(cx, fname);
@@ -648,46 +648,46 @@ fn create_ty(cx: @CrateContext, t: ty::t, span: span)
     }*/
 
     let sty = copy ty::get(t).sty;
-    match copy sty {
+    match sty {
         ty::ty_nil | ty::ty_bot | ty::ty_bool | ty::ty_int(_) | ty::ty_uint(_)
         | ty::ty_float(_) => create_basic_type(cx, t, span),
         ty::ty_estr(_vstore) => {
             cx.sess.span_bug(span, ~"debuginfo for estr NYI")
         },
-        ty::ty_enum(_did, _substs) => {
+        ty::ty_enum(_did, ref _substs) => {
             cx.sess.span_bug(span, ~"debuginfo for enum NYI")
         }
-        ty::ty_box(_mt) => {
+        ty::ty_box(ref _mt) => {
             cx.sess.span_bug(span, ~"debuginfo for box NYI")
         },
-        ty::ty_uniq(_mt) => {
+        ty::ty_uniq(ref _mt) => {
             cx.sess.span_bug(span, ~"debuginfo for uniq NYI")
         },
-        ty::ty_evec(_mt, _vstore) => {
+        ty::ty_evec(ref _mt, ref _vstore) => {
             cx.sess.span_bug(span, ~"debuginfo for evec NYI")
         },
-        ty::ty_ptr(mt) => {
+        ty::ty_ptr(ref mt) => {
             let pointee = create_ty(cx, mt.ty, span);
             create_pointer_type(cx, t, span, pointee)
         },
-        ty::ty_rptr(_region, _mt) => {
+        ty::ty_rptr(ref _region, ref _mt) => {
             cx.sess.span_bug(span, ~"debuginfo for rptr NYI")
         },
-        ty::ty_bare_fn(_barefnty) => {
+        ty::ty_bare_fn(ref _barefnty) => {
             cx.sess.span_bug(span, ~"debuginfo for bare_fn NYI")
         },
-        ty::ty_closure(_closurety) => {
+        ty::ty_closure(ref _closurety) => {
             cx.sess.span_bug(span, ~"debuginfo for closure NYI")
         },
-        ty::ty_trait(_did, _substs, _vstore) => {
+        ty::ty_trait(_did, ref _substs, ref _vstore) => {
             cx.sess.span_bug(span, ~"debuginfo for trait NYI")
         },
-        ty::ty_struct(did, substs) => {
-            let fields = ty::struct_fields(cx.tcx, did, &substs);
+        ty::ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
+            let fields = ty::struct_fields(cx.tcx, did, substs);
             create_struct(cx, t, fields, span)
         },
-        ty::ty_tup(elements) => {
-            create_tuple(cx, t, elements, span)
+        ty::ty_tup(ref elements) => {
+            create_tuple(cx, t, *elements, span)
         },
         _ => cx.sess.bug(~"debuginfo: unexpected type in create_ty")
     }
@@ -853,8 +853,8 @@ pub fn create_function(fcx: fn_ctxt) -> @Metadata<SubProgramMetadata> {
 
     let (ident, ret_ty, id) = match cx.tcx.items.get(&fcx.id) {
       ast_map::node_item(item, _) => {
-        match /*bad*/copy item.node {
-          ast::item_fn(decl, _, _, _) => {
+        match item.node {
+          ast::item_fn(ref decl, _, _, _) => {
             (item.ident, decl.output, item.id)
           }
           _ => fcx.ccx.sess.span_bug(item.span, ~"create_function: item \
@@ -865,8 +865,8 @@ pub fn create_function(fcx: fn_ctxt) -> @Metadata<SubProgramMetadata> {
           (method.ident, method.decl.output, method.id)
       }
       ast_map::node_expr(expr) => {
-        match /*bad*/copy expr.node {
-          ast::expr_fn_block(decl, _) => {
+        match expr.node {
+          ast::expr_fn_block(ref decl, _) => {
             ((dbg_cx.names)(~"fn"), decl.output, expr.id)
           }
           _ => fcx.ccx.sess.span_bug(expr.span,
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/trans/glue.rs b/src/librustc/middle/trans/glue.rs
index 284a5eac39d..2352ada8ced 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/trans/glue.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/trans/glue.rs
@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ pub fn emit_tydescs(ccx: @CrateContext) {
         // tydesc type. Then we'll recast each function to its real type when
         // calling it.
         let take_glue =
-            match copy ti.take_glue {
+            match ti.take_glue {
               None => { ccx.stats.n_null_glues += 1u; C_null(glue_fn_ty) }
               Some(v) => {
                 unsafe {
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ pub fn emit_tydescs(ccx: @CrateContext) {
               }
             };
         let drop_glue =
-            match copy ti.drop_glue {
+            match ti.drop_glue {
               None => { ccx.stats.n_null_glues += 1u; C_null(glue_fn_ty) }
               Some(v) => {
                 unsafe {
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ pub fn emit_tydescs(ccx: @CrateContext) {
               }
             };
         let free_glue =
-            match copy ti.free_glue {
+            match ti.free_glue {
               None => { ccx.stats.n_null_glues += 1u; C_null(glue_fn_ty) }
               Some(v) => {
                 unsafe {
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ pub fn emit_tydescs(ccx: @CrateContext) {
               }
             };
         let visit_glue =
-            match copy ti.visit_glue {
+            match ti.visit_glue {
               None => { ccx.stats.n_null_glues += 1u; C_null(glue_fn_ty) }
               Some(v) => {
                 unsafe {
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/trans/meth.rs b/src/librustc/middle/trans/meth.rs
index 51e26d3cfef..205acedb9e1 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/trans/meth.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/trans/meth.rs
@@ -320,12 +320,12 @@ pub fn trans_static_method_callee(bcx: block,
     let vtbls = resolve_vtables_in_fn_ctxt(
         bcx.fcx, ccx.maps.vtable_map.get(&callee_id));
 
-    match /*bad*/copy vtbls[bound_index] {
-        typeck::vtable_static(impl_did, rcvr_substs, rcvr_origins) => {
+    match vtbls[bound_index] {
+        typeck::vtable_static(impl_did, ref rcvr_substs, rcvr_origins) => {
 
             let mth_id = method_with_name(bcx.ccx(), impl_did, mname);
             let callee_substs = combine_impl_and_methods_tps(
-                bcx, mth_id, impl_did, callee_id, rcvr_substs);
+                bcx, mth_id, impl_did, callee_id, *rcvr_substs);
             let callee_origins = combine_impl_and_methods_origins(
                 bcx, mth_id, impl_did, callee_id, rcvr_origins);
 
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ pub fn trans_static_method_callee(bcx: block,
     }
 }
 
-pub fn method_from_methods(ms: ~[@ast::method], name: ast::ident)
+pub fn method_from_methods(ms: &[@ast::method], name: ast::ident)
     -> Option<ast::def_id> {
     ms.find(|m| m.ident == name).map(|m| ast_util::local_def(m.id))
 }
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ pub fn method_with_name(ccx: @CrateContext, impl_id: ast::def_id,
                 node: ast::item_impl(_, _, _, ref ms),
                 _
             }, _) => {
-            method_from_methods(/*bad*/copy *ms, name).get()
+            method_from_methods(*ms, name).get()
           }
           _ => fail!(~"method_with_name")
         }
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ pub fn method_with_name_or_default(ccx: @CrateContext, impl_id: ast::def_id,
           ast_map::node_item(@ast::item {
                 node: ast::item_impl(_, _, _, ref ms), _
           }, _) => {
-              let did = method_from_methods(/*bad*/copy *ms, name);
+              let did = method_from_methods(*ms, name);
               if did.is_some() {
                   return did.get();
               } else {
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ pub fn trans_monomorphized_callee(bcx: block,
                                -> Callee {
     let _icx = bcx.insn_ctxt("impl::trans_monomorphized_callee");
     return match vtbl {
-      typeck::vtable_static(impl_did, rcvr_substs, rcvr_origins) => {
+      typeck::vtable_static(impl_did, ref rcvr_substs, rcvr_origins) => {
           let ccx = bcx.ccx();
           let mname = ty::trait_methods(ccx.tcx, trait_id)[n_method].ident;
           let mth_id = method_with_name_or_default(
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ pub fn trans_monomorphized_callee(bcx: block,
           // create a concatenated set of substitutions which includes
           // those from the impl and those from the method:
           let callee_substs = combine_impl_and_methods_tps(
-              bcx, mth_id, impl_did, callee_id, rcvr_substs);
+              bcx, mth_id, impl_did, callee_id, *rcvr_substs);
           let callee_origins = combine_impl_and_methods_origins(
               bcx, mth_id, impl_did, callee_id, rcvr_origins);
 
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ pub fn combine_impl_and_methods_tps(bcx: block,
                                     mth_did: ast::def_id,
                                     impl_did: ast::def_id,
                                     callee_id: ast::node_id,
-                                    +rcvr_substs: ~[ty::t])
+                                    rcvr_substs: &[ty::t])
                                  -> ~[ty::t] {
     /*!
     *
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ pub fn combine_impl_and_methods_tps(bcx: block,
     let node_substs = node_id_type_params(bcx, callee_id);
     debug!("rcvr_substs=%?", rcvr_substs.map(|t| bcx.ty_to_str(*t)));
     let ty_substs
-        = vec::append(rcvr_substs,
+        = vec::append(rcvr_substs.to_vec(),
                       vec::tailn(node_substs,
                                  node_substs.len() - n_m_tps));
     debug!("n_m_tps=%?", n_m_tps);
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/trans/reachable.rs b/src/librustc/middle/trans/reachable.rs
index 44464810620..306eb0b0d44 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/trans/reachable.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/trans/reachable.rs
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ fn traverse_public_mod(cx: ctx, mod_id: node_id, m: &_mod) {
 fn traverse_public_item(cx: ctx, item: @item) {
     if cx.rmap.contains_key(&item.id) { return; }
     cx.rmap.insert(item.id, ());
-    match /*bad*/copy item.node {
+    match item.node {
       item_mod(ref m) => traverse_public_mod(cx, item.id, m),
       item_foreign_mod(ref nm) => {
           if !traverse_exports(cx, item.id) {
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/trans/reflect.rs b/src/librustc/middle/trans/reflect.rs
index 955bc563107..c6bf8ff3a3a 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/trans/reflect.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/trans/reflect.rs
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub impl Reflector {
         PointerCast(bcx, static_ti.tydesc, T_ptr(self.tydesc_ty))
     }
 
-    fn c_mt(&mut self, mt: ty::mt) -> ~[ValueRef] {
+    fn c_mt(&mut self, mt: &ty::mt) -> ~[ValueRef] {
         ~[self.c_uint(mt.mutbl as uint),
           self.c_tydesc(mt.ty)]
     }
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ pub impl Reflector {
         debug!("reflect::visit_ty %s",
                ty_to_str(bcx.ccx().tcx, t));
 
-        match /*bad*/copy ty::get(t).sty {
+        match ty::get(t).sty {
           ty::ty_bot => self.leaf(~"bot"),
           ty::ty_nil => self.leaf(~"nil"),
           ty::ty_bool => self.leaf(~"bool"),
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ pub impl Reflector {
           ty::ty_float(ast::ty_f32) => self.leaf(~"f32"),
           ty::ty_float(ast::ty_f64) => self.leaf(~"f64"),
 
-          ty::ty_unboxed_vec(mt) => {
+          ty::ty_unboxed_vec(ref mt) => {
               let values = self.c_mt(mt);
               self.visit(~"vec", values)
           }
@@ -179,30 +179,30 @@ pub impl Reflector {
               let (name, extra) = self.vstore_name_and_extra(t, vst);
               self.visit(~"estr_" + name, extra)
           }
-          ty::ty_evec(mt, vst) => {
+          ty::ty_evec(ref mt, vst) => {
               let (name, extra) = self.vstore_name_and_extra(t, vst);
               let extra = extra + self.c_mt(mt);
               self.visit(~"evec_" + name, extra)
           }
-          ty::ty_box(mt) => {
+          ty::ty_box(ref mt) => {
               let extra = self.c_mt(mt);
               self.visit(~"box", extra)
           }
-          ty::ty_uniq(mt) => {
+          ty::ty_uniq(ref mt) => {
               let extra = self.c_mt(mt);
               self.visit(~"uniq", extra)
           }
-          ty::ty_ptr(mt) => {
+          ty::ty_ptr(ref mt) => {
               let extra = self.c_mt(mt);
               self.visit(~"ptr", extra)
           }
-          ty::ty_rptr(_, mt) => {
+          ty::ty_rptr(_, ref mt) => {
               let extra = self.c_mt(mt);
               self.visit(~"rptr", extra)
           }
 
-          ty::ty_tup(tys) => {
-              let extra = ~[self.c_uint(vec::len(tys))]
+          ty::ty_tup(ref tys) => {
+              let extra = ~[self.c_uint(tys.len())]
                   + self.c_size_and_align(t);
               do self.bracketed(~"tup", extra) |this| {
                   for tys.eachi |i, t| {
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ pub impl Reflector {
                       let extra = ~[this.c_uint(i),
                                     this.c_slice(
                                         bcx.ccx().sess.str_of(field.ident))]
-                          + this.c_mt(field.mt);
+                          + this.c_mt(&field.mt);
                       this.visit(~"class_field", extra);
                   }
               }
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ pub impl Reflector {
           ty::ty_trait(_, _, _) => self.leaf(~"trait"),
           ty::ty_infer(_) => self.leaf(~"infer"),
           ty::ty_err => self.leaf(~"err"),
-          ty::ty_param(p) => {
+          ty::ty_param(ref p) => {
               let extra = ~[self.c_uint(p.idx)];
               self.visit(~"param", extra)
           }
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/trans/tvec.rs b/src/librustc/middle/trans/tvec.rs
index 9f66bb5b468..586b29c19c9 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/trans/tvec.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/trans/tvec.rs
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ pub fn write_content(bcx: block,
            bcx.expr_to_str(vstore_expr));
     let _indenter = indenter();
 
-    match /*bad*/copy content_expr.node {
+    match content_expr.node {
         ast::expr_lit(@codemap::spanned { node: ast::lit_str(s), _ }) => {
             match dest {
                 Ignore => {
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ pub fn write_content(bcx: block,
                 }
             }
         }
-        ast::expr_vec(elements, _) => {
+        ast::expr_vec(ref elements, _) => {
             match dest {
                 Ignore => {
                     for elements.each |element| {
@@ -467,11 +467,11 @@ pub fn vec_types(bcx: block, vec_ty: ty::t) -> VecTypes {
 pub fn elements_required(bcx: block, content_expr: @ast::expr) -> uint {
     //! Figure out the number of elements we need to store this content
 
-    match /*bad*/copy content_expr.node {
+    match content_expr.node {
         ast::expr_lit(@codemap::spanned { node: ast::lit_str(s), _ }) => {
             s.len() + 1
         },
-        ast::expr_vec(es, _) => es.len(),
+        ast::expr_vec(ref es, _) => es.len(),
         ast::expr_repeat(_, count_expr, _) => {
             ty::eval_repeat_count(bcx.tcx(), count_expr)
         }
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/trans/type_of.rs b/src/librustc/middle/trans/type_of.rs
index 0c3e93885f9..785a3183676 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/trans/type_of.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/trans/type_of.rs
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ pub fn type_of(cx: @CrateContext, t: ty::t) -> TypeRef {
     }
 
     // XXX: This is a terrible terrible copy.
-    let llty = match /*bad*/copy ty::get(t).sty {
+    let llty = match ty::get(t).sty {
       ty::ty_nil | ty::ty_bot => T_nil(),
       ty::ty_bool => T_bool(),
       ty::ty_int(t) => T_int_ty(cx, t),
@@ -199,22 +199,22 @@ pub fn type_of(cx: @CrateContext, t: ty::t) -> TypeRef {
       ty::ty_estr(ty::vstore_box) => {
         T_box_ptr(T_box(cx, T_vec(cx, T_i8())))
       }
-      ty::ty_evec(mt, ty::vstore_box) => {
+      ty::ty_evec(ref mt, ty::vstore_box) => {
         T_box_ptr(T_box(cx, T_vec(cx, type_of(cx, mt.ty))))
       }
-      ty::ty_box(mt) => T_box_ptr(T_box(cx, type_of(cx, mt.ty))),
+      ty::ty_box(ref mt) => T_box_ptr(T_box(cx, type_of(cx, mt.ty))),
       ty::ty_opaque_box => T_box_ptr(T_box(cx, T_i8())),
-      ty::ty_uniq(mt) => T_unique_ptr(T_unique(cx, type_of(cx, mt.ty))),
-      ty::ty_evec(mt, ty::vstore_uniq) => {
+      ty::ty_uniq(ref mt) => T_unique_ptr(T_unique(cx, type_of(cx, mt.ty))),
+      ty::ty_evec(ref mt, ty::vstore_uniq) => {
         T_unique_ptr(T_unique(cx, T_vec(cx, type_of(cx, mt.ty))))
       }
-      ty::ty_unboxed_vec(mt) => {
+      ty::ty_unboxed_vec(ref mt) => {
         T_vec(cx, type_of(cx, mt.ty))
       }
-      ty::ty_ptr(mt) => T_ptr(type_of(cx, mt.ty)),
-      ty::ty_rptr(_, mt) => T_ptr(type_of(cx, mt.ty)),
+      ty::ty_ptr(ref mt) => T_ptr(type_of(cx, mt.ty)),
+      ty::ty_rptr(_, ref mt) => T_ptr(type_of(cx, mt.ty)),
 
-      ty::ty_evec(mt, ty::vstore_slice(_)) => {
+      ty::ty_evec(ref mt, ty::vstore_slice(_)) => {
         T_struct(~[T_ptr(type_of(cx, mt.ty)),
                    T_uint_ty(cx, ast::ty_u)])
       }
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ pub fn type_of(cx: @CrateContext, t: ty::t) -> TypeRef {
         T_array(T_i8(), n + 1u /* +1 for trailing null */)
       }
 
-      ty::ty_evec(mt, ty::vstore_fixed(n)) => {
+      ty::ty_evec(ref mt, ty::vstore_fixed(n)) => {
         T_array(type_of(cx, mt.ty), n)
       }
 
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/ty.rs b/src/librustc/middle/ty.rs
index 599fa28e242..b0cf31fe8b7 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/ty.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/ty.rs
@@ -1161,20 +1161,20 @@ pub fn walk_ty(ty: t, f: &fn(t)) {
 
 pub fn maybe_walk_ty(ty: t, f: &fn(t) -> bool) {
     if !f(ty) { return; }
-    match /*bad*/copy get(ty).sty {
+    match get(ty).sty {
       ty_nil | ty_bot | ty_bool | ty_int(_) | ty_uint(_) | ty_float(_) |
       ty_estr(_) | ty_type | ty_opaque_box | ty_self |
       ty_opaque_closure_ptr(_) | ty_infer(_) | ty_param(_) | ty_err => {
       }
-      ty_box(tm) | ty_evec(tm, _) | ty_unboxed_vec(tm) |
-      ty_ptr(tm) | ty_rptr(_, tm) => {
+      ty_box(ref tm) | ty_evec(ref tm, _) | ty_unboxed_vec(ref tm) |
+      ty_ptr(ref tm) | ty_rptr(_, ref tm) | ty_uniq(ref tm) => {
         maybe_walk_ty(tm.ty, f);
       }
       ty_enum(_, ref substs) | ty_struct(_, ref substs) |
       ty_trait(_, ref substs, _) => {
         for (*substs).tps.each |subty| { maybe_walk_ty(*subty, f); }
       }
-      ty_tup(ts) => { for ts.each |tt| { maybe_walk_ty(*tt, f); } }
+      ty_tup(ref ts) => { for ts.each |tt| { maybe_walk_ty(*tt, f); } }
       ty_bare_fn(ref ft) => {
         for ft.sig.inputs.each |a| { maybe_walk_ty(a.ty, f); }
         maybe_walk_ty(ft.sig.output, f);
@@ -1183,7 +1183,6 @@ pub fn maybe_walk_ty(ty: t, f: &fn(t) -> bool) {
         for ft.sig.inputs.each |a| { maybe_walk_ty(a.ty, f); }
         maybe_walk_ty(ft.sig.output, f);
       }
-      ty_uniq(tm) => { maybe_walk_ty(tm.ty, f); }
     }
 }
 
@@ -1209,20 +1208,20 @@ fn fold_sty(sty: &sty, fldop: &fn(t) -> t) -> sty {
                 tps: substs.tps.map(|t| fldop(*t))}
     }
 
-    match /*bad*/copy *sty {
-        ty_box(tm) => {
+    match *sty {
+        ty_box(ref tm) => {
             ty_box(mt {ty: fldop(tm.ty), mutbl: tm.mutbl})
         }
-        ty_uniq(tm) => {
+        ty_uniq(ref tm) => {
             ty_uniq(mt {ty: fldop(tm.ty), mutbl: tm.mutbl})
         }
-        ty_ptr(tm) => {
+        ty_ptr(ref tm) => {
             ty_ptr(mt {ty: fldop(tm.ty), mutbl: tm.mutbl})
         }
-        ty_unboxed_vec(tm) => {
+        ty_unboxed_vec(ref tm) => {
             ty_unboxed_vec(mt {ty: fldop(tm.ty), mutbl: tm.mutbl})
         }
-        ty_evec(tm, vst) => {
+        ty_evec(ref tm, vst) => {
             ty_evec(mt {ty: fldop(tm.ty), mutbl: tm.mutbl}, vst)
         }
         ty_enum(tid, ref substs) => {
@@ -1231,8 +1230,8 @@ fn fold_sty(sty: &sty, fldop: &fn(t) -> t) -> sty {
         ty_trait(did, ref substs, st) => {
             ty_trait(did, fold_substs(substs, fldop), st)
         }
-        ty_tup(ts) => {
-            let new_ts = vec::map(ts, |tt| fldop(*tt));
+        ty_tup(ref ts) => {
+            let new_ts = ts.map(|tt| fldop(*tt));
             ty_tup(new_ts)
         }
         ty_bare_fn(ref f) => {
@@ -1243,7 +1242,7 @@ fn fold_sty(sty: &sty, fldop: &fn(t) -> t) -> sty {
             let sig = fold_sig(&f.sig, fldop);
             ty_closure(ClosureTy {sig: sig, ..copy *f})
         }
-        ty_rptr(r, tm) => {
+        ty_rptr(r, ref tm) => {
             ty_rptr(r, mt {ty: fldop(tm.ty), mutbl: tm.mutbl})
         }
         ty_struct(did, ref substs) => {
@@ -1510,8 +1509,8 @@ pub fn sequence_element_type(cx: ctxt, ty: t) -> t {
 }
 
 pub fn get_element_type(ty: t, i: uint) -> t {
-    match /*bad*/copy get(ty).sty {
-      ty_tup(ts) => return ts[i],
+    match get(ty).sty {
+      ty_tup(ref ts) => return ts[i],
       _ => fail!(~"get_element_type called on invalid type")
     }
 }
@@ -2118,7 +2117,7 @@ pub fn type_contents(cx: ctxt, ty: t) -> TypeContents {
     /// gives a rough estimate of how much space it takes to represent
     /// an instance of `ty`.  Used for the mode transition.
     fn type_size(cx: ctxt, ty: t) -> uint {
-        match /*bad*/copy get(ty).sty {
+        match get(ty).sty {
           ty_nil | ty_bot | ty_bool | ty_int(_) | ty_uint(_) | ty_float(_) |
           ty_ptr(_) | ty_box(_) | ty_uniq(_) | ty_estr(vstore_uniq) |
           ty_trait(*) | ty_rptr(*) | ty_evec(_, vstore_uniq) |
@@ -2146,7 +2145,7 @@ pub fn type_contents(cx: ctxt, ty: t) -> TypeContents {
             flds.foldl(0, |s, f| *s + type_size(cx, f.mt.ty))
           }
 
-          ty_tup(tys) => {
+          ty_tup(ref tys) => {
             tys.foldl(0, |s, t| *s + type_size(cx, *t))
           }
 
@@ -2208,7 +2207,7 @@ pub fn is_instantiable(cx: ctxt, r_ty: t) -> bool {
                ::util::ppaux::ty_to_str(cx, r_ty),
                ::util::ppaux::ty_to_str(cx, ty));
 
-        let r = match /*bad*/copy get(ty).sty {
+        let r = match get(ty).sty {
           ty_nil |
           ty_bot |
           ty_bool |
@@ -2229,9 +2228,9 @@ pub fn is_instantiable(cx: ctxt, r_ty: t) -> bool {
           ty_unboxed_vec(_) => {
             false
           }
-          ty_box(mt) |
-          ty_uniq(mt) |
-          ty_rptr(_, mt) => {
+          ty_box(ref mt) |
+          ty_uniq(ref mt) |
+          ty_rptr(_, ref mt) => {
             return type_requires(cx, seen, r_ty, mt.ty);
           }
 
@@ -2255,8 +2254,8 @@ pub fn is_instantiable(cx: ctxt, r_ty: t) -> bool {
             r
           }
 
-          ty_tup(ts) => {
-            vec::any(ts, |t| type_requires(cx, seen, r_ty, *t))
+          ty_tup(ref ts) => {
+            ts.any(|t| type_requires(cx, seen, r_ty, *t))
           }
 
           ty_enum(ref did, _) if vec::contains(*seen, did) => {
@@ -2297,7 +2296,7 @@ pub fn type_structurally_contains(cx: ctxt,
     debug!("type_structurally_contains: %s",
            ::util::ppaux::ty_to_str(cx, ty));
     if test(sty) { return true; }
-    match /*bad*/copy *sty {
+    match *sty {
       ty_enum(did, ref substs) => {
         for vec::each(*enum_variants(cx, did)) |variant| {
             for variant.args.each |aty| {
@@ -2315,13 +2314,13 @@ pub fn type_structurally_contains(cx: ctxt,
         return false;
       }
 
-      ty_tup(ts) => {
+      ty_tup(ref ts) => {
         for ts.each |tt| {
             if type_structurally_contains(cx, *tt, test) { return true; }
         }
         return false;
       }
-      ty_evec(mt, vstore_fixed(_)) => {
+      ty_evec(ref mt, vstore_fixed(_)) => {
         return type_structurally_contains(cx, mt.ty, test);
       }
       _ => return false
@@ -2375,7 +2374,7 @@ pub fn type_is_signed(ty: t) -> bool {
 // that the cycle collector might care about.
 pub fn type_is_pod(cx: ctxt, ty: t) -> bool {
     let mut result = true;
-    match /*bad*/copy get(ty).sty {
+    match get(ty).sty {
       // Scalar types
       ty_nil | ty_bot | ty_bool | ty_int(_) | ty_float(_) | ty_uint(_) |
       ty_type | ty_ptr(_) | ty_bare_fn(_) => result = true,
@@ -2395,11 +2394,11 @@ pub fn type_is_pod(cx: ctxt, ty: t) -> bool {
             if !type_is_pod(cx, tup_ty) { result = false; }
         }
       }
-      ty_tup(elts) => {
+      ty_tup(ref elts) => {
         for elts.each |elt| { if !type_is_pod(cx, *elt) { result = false; } }
       }
       ty_estr(vstore_fixed(_)) => result = true,
-      ty_evec(mt, vstore_fixed(_)) | ty_unboxed_vec(mt) => {
+      ty_evec(ref mt, vstore_fixed(_)) | ty_unboxed_vec(ref mt) => {
         result = type_is_pod(cx, mt.ty);
       }
       ty_param(_) => result = false,
@@ -3007,8 +3006,8 @@ pub fn method_call_bounds(tcx: ctxt, method_map: typeck::method_map,
             // trait itself.  This ought to be harmonized.
             let trt_bounds =
                 ty::lookup_item_type(tcx, trt_id).bounds;
-            let mth = /*bad*/copy ty::trait_methods(tcx, trt_id)[n_mth];
-            @(vec::append(/*bad*/copy *trt_bounds, *mth.tps))
+            @(vec::append(/*bad*/copy *trt_bounds,
+                          *ty::trait_methods(tcx, trt_id)[n_mth].tps))
           }
         }
     }
@@ -3528,7 +3527,7 @@ pub fn provided_trait_methods(cx: ctxt, id: ast::def_id) -> ~[ast::ident] {
                         node: item_trait(_, _, ref ms),
                         _
                     }, _)) =>
-                match ast_util::split_trait_methods((/*bad*/copy *ms)) {
+                match ast_util::split_trait_methods(*ms) {
                    (_, p) => p.map(|method| method.ident)
                 },
             _ => cx.sess.bug(fmt!("provided_trait_methods: %? is not a trait",
@@ -3830,9 +3829,8 @@ pub fn enum_variants(cx: ctxt, id: ast::def_id) -> @~[VariantInfo] {
                     node: ast::item_enum(ref enum_definition, _),
                     _
                 }, _) => {
-            let variants = /*bad*/copy (*enum_definition).variants;
             let mut disr_val = -1;
-            @vec::map(variants, |variant| {
+            @vec::map(enum_definition.variants, |variant| {
                 match variant.node.kind {
                     ast::tuple_variant_kind(ref args) => {
                         let ctor_ty = node_id_to_type(cx, variant.node.id);
@@ -3945,7 +3943,7 @@ pub fn lookup_struct_fields(cx: ctxt, did: ast::def_id) -> ~[field_ty] {
        Some(ast_map::node_item(i,_)) => {
          match i.node {
             ast::item_struct(struct_def, _) => {
-               struct_field_tys(/*bad*/copy struct_def.fields)
+               struct_field_tys(struct_def.fields)
             }
             _ => cx.sess.bug(~"struct ID bound to non-struct")
          }
@@ -3953,7 +3951,7 @@ pub fn lookup_struct_fields(cx: ctxt, did: ast::def_id) -> ~[field_ty] {
        Some(ast_map::node_variant(ref variant, _, _)) => {
           match (*variant).node.kind {
             ast::struct_variant_kind(struct_def) => {
-              struct_field_tys(/*bad*/copy struct_def.fields)
+              struct_field_tys(struct_def.fields)
             }
             _ => {
               cx.sess.bug(~"struct ID bound to enum variant that isn't \
@@ -3993,7 +3991,7 @@ pure fn is_public(f: field_ty) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
-fn struct_field_tys(fields: ~[@struct_field]) -> ~[field_ty] {
+fn struct_field_tys(fields: &[@struct_field]) -> ~[field_ty] {
     do fields.map |field| {
         match field.node.kind {
             named_field(ident, mutability, visibility) => {
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/astconv.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/astconv.rs
index 2a70ba7d4c1..b49c8c2bff8 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/astconv.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/astconv.rs
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ pub fn ast_ty_to_ty<AC:AstConv, RS:region_scope + Copy + Durable>(
     self: &AC, rscope: &RS, &&ast_ty: @ast::Ty) -> ty::t {
 
     fn ast_mt_to_mt<AC:AstConv, RS:region_scope + Copy + Durable>(
-        self: &AC, rscope: &RS, mt: ast::mt) -> ty::mt {
+        self: &AC, rscope: &RS, mt: &ast::mt) -> ty::mt {
 
         ty::mt {ty: ast_ty_to_ty(self, rscope, mt.ty), mutbl: mt.mutbl}
     }
@@ -223,14 +223,14 @@ pub fn ast_ty_to_ty<AC:AstConv, RS:region_scope + Copy + Durable>(
     fn mk_pointer<AC:AstConv,RS:region_scope + Copy + Durable>(
         self: &AC,
         rscope: &RS,
-        a_seq_ty: ast::mt,
+        a_seq_ty: &ast::mt,
         vst: ty::vstore,
         constr: &fn(ty::mt) -> ty::t) -> ty::t
     {
         let tcx = self.tcx();
 
         match a_seq_ty.ty.node {
-            ast::ty_vec(mt) => {
+            ast::ty_vec(ref mt) => {
                 let mut mt = ast_mt_to_mt(self, rscope, mt);
                 if a_seq_ty.mutbl == ast::m_mutbl ||
                         a_seq_ty.mutbl == ast::m_const {
@@ -318,34 +318,34 @@ pub fn ast_ty_to_ty<AC:AstConv, RS:region_scope + Copy + Durable>(
     }
 
     tcx.ast_ty_to_ty_cache.insert(ast_ty.id, ty::atttce_unresolved);
-    let typ = match /*bad*/copy ast_ty.node {
+    let typ = match ast_ty.node {
       ast::ty_nil => ty::mk_nil(tcx),
       ast::ty_bot => ty::mk_bot(tcx),
-      ast::ty_box(mt) => {
+      ast::ty_box(ref mt) => {
         mk_pointer(self, rscope, mt, ty::vstore_box,
                    |tmt| ty::mk_box(tcx, tmt))
       }
-      ast::ty_uniq(mt) => {
+      ast::ty_uniq(ref mt) => {
         mk_pointer(self, rscope, mt, ty::vstore_uniq,
                    |tmt| ty::mk_uniq(tcx, tmt))
       }
-      ast::ty_vec(mt) => {
+      ast::ty_vec(ref mt) => {
         tcx.sess.span_err(ast_ty.span,
                           ~"bare `[]` is not a type");
         // return /something/ so they can at least get more errors
         ty::mk_evec(tcx, ast_mt_to_mt(self, rscope, mt),
                     ty::vstore_uniq)
       }
-      ast::ty_ptr(mt) => {
+      ast::ty_ptr(ref mt) => {
         ty::mk_ptr(tcx, ast_mt_to_mt(self, rscope, mt))
       }
-      ast::ty_rptr(region, mt) => {
+      ast::ty_rptr(region, ref mt) => {
         let r = ast_region_to_region(self, rscope, ast_ty.span, region);
         mk_pointer(self, rscope, mt, ty::vstore_slice(r),
                    |tmt| ty::mk_rptr(tcx, r, tmt))
       }
-      ast::ty_tup(fields) => {
-        let flds = vec::map(fields, |t| ast_ty_to_ty(self, rscope, *t));
+      ast::ty_tup(ref fields) => {
+        let flds = fields.map(|t| ast_ty_to_ty(self, rscope, *t));
         ty::mk_tup(tcx, flds)
       }
       ast::ty_bare_fn(ref bf) => {
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ pub fn ast_ty_to_ty<AC:AstConv, RS:region_scope + Copy + Durable>(
           }
         }
       }
-      ast::ty_fixed_length_vec(a_mt, e) => {
+      ast::ty_fixed_length_vec(ref a_mt, e) => {
         match const_eval::eval_const_expr_partial(tcx, e) {
           Ok(ref r) => {
             match *r {
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/_match.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/_match.rs
index 4b7def26fd5..5e106668fc9 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/_match.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/_match.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use syntax::print::pprust;
 pub fn check_match(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
                    expr: @ast::expr,
                    discrim: @ast::expr,
-                   arms: ~[ast::arm]) -> bool {
+                   arms: &[ast::arm]) -> bool {
     let tcx = fcx.ccx.tcx;
     let mut bot;
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ pub struct pat_ctxt {
 }
 
 pub fn check_pat_variant(pcx: pat_ctxt, pat: @ast::pat, path: @ast::path,
-                         +subpats: Option<~[@ast::pat]>, expected: ty::t) {
+                         subpats: &Option<~[@ast::pat]>, expected: ty::t) {
 
     // Typecheck the path.
     let fcx = pcx.fcx;
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ pub fn check_pat_variant(pcx: pat_ctxt, pat: @ast::pat, path: @ast::path,
 
     // Count the number of subpatterns.
     let subpats_len;
-    match subpats {
+    match *subpats {
         None => subpats_len = arg_len,
         Some(ref subpats) => subpats_len = subpats.len()
     }
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ pub fn check_pat_variant(pcx: pat_ctxt, pat: @ast::pat, path: @ast::path,
 pub fn check_struct_pat_fields(pcx: pat_ctxt,
                                span: span,
                                path: @ast::path,
-                               fields: ~[ast::field_pat],
+                               fields: &[ast::field_pat],
                                class_fields: ~[ty::field_ty],
                                class_id: ast::def_id,
                                substitutions: &ty::substs,
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ pub fn check_struct_pat_fields(pcx: pat_ctxt,
 
 pub fn check_struct_pat(pcx: pat_ctxt, pat_id: ast::node_id, span: span,
                         expected: ty::t, path: @ast::path,
-                        +fields: ~[ast::field_pat], etc: bool,
+                        fields: &[ast::field_pat], etc: bool,
                         class_id: ast::def_id, substitutions: &ty::substs) {
     let fcx = pcx.fcx;
     let tcx = pcx.fcx.ccx.tcx;
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ pub fn check_struct_like_enum_variant_pat(pcx: pat_ctxt,
                                           span: span,
                                           expected: ty::t,
                                           path: @ast::path,
-                                          +fields: ~[ast::field_pat],
+                                          fields: &[ast::field_pat],
                                           etc: bool,
                                           enum_id: ast::def_id,
                                           substitutions: &ty::substs) {
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ pub fn check_pat(pcx: pat_ctxt, pat: @ast::pat, expected: ty::t) {
     let fcx = pcx.fcx;
     let tcx = pcx.fcx.ccx.tcx;
 
-    match /*bad*/copy pat.node {
+    match pat.node {
       ast::pat_wild => {
         fcx.write_ty(pat.id, expected);
       }
@@ -409,22 +409,22 @@ pub fn check_pat(pcx: pat_ctxt, pat: @ast::pat, expected: ty::t) {
         }
       }
       ast::pat_ident(_, path, _) => {
-        check_pat_variant(pcx, pat, path, Some(~[]), expected);
+        check_pat_variant(pcx, pat, path, &Some(~[]), expected);
       }
-      ast::pat_enum(path, subpats) => {
+      ast::pat_enum(path, ref subpats) => {
         check_pat_variant(pcx, pat, path, subpats, expected);
       }
-      ast::pat_struct(path, fields, etc) => {
+      ast::pat_struct(path, ref fields, etc) => {
         // Grab the class data that we care about.
         let structure = structure_of(fcx, pat.span, expected);
         match structure {
             ty::ty_struct(cid, ref substs) => {
                 check_struct_pat(pcx, pat.id, pat.span, expected, path,
-                                 fields, etc, cid, substs);
+                                 *fields, etc, cid, substs);
             }
             ty::ty_enum(eid, ref substs) => {
                 check_struct_like_enum_variant_pat(
-                    pcx, pat.id, pat.span, expected, path, fields, etc, eid,
+                    pcx, pat.id, pat.span, expected, path, *fields, etc, eid,
                     substs);
             }
             _ => {
@@ -439,9 +439,10 @@ pub fn check_pat(pcx: pat_ctxt, pat: @ast::pat, expected: ty::t) {
         // Finally, write in the type.
         fcx.write_ty(pat.id, expected);
       }
-      ast::pat_tup(elts) => {
-        let ex_elts = match structure_of(fcx, pat.span, expected) {
-          ty::ty_tup(elts) => elts,
+      ast::pat_tup(ref elts) => {
+        let s = structure_of(fcx, pat.span, expected);
+        let ex_elts = match s {
+          ty::ty_tup(ref elts) => elts,
           _ => {
             tcx.sess.span_fatal
                 (pat.span,
@@ -449,12 +450,12 @@ pub fn check_pat(pcx: pat_ctxt, pat: @ast::pat, expected: ty::t) {
                       fcx.infcx().ty_to_str(expected)));
           }
         };
-        let e_count = vec::len(elts);
-        if e_count != vec::len(ex_elts) {
+        let e_count = elts.len();
+        if e_count != ex_elts.len() {
             tcx.sess.span_fatal
                 (pat.span, fmt!("mismatched types: expected a tuple \
                       with %u fields, found one with %u \
-                      fields", vec::len(ex_elts), e_count));
+                      fields", ex_elts.len(), e_count));
         }
         let mut i = 0u;
         for elts.each |elt| {
@@ -509,7 +510,7 @@ pub fn check_pat(pcx: pat_ctxt, pat: @ast::pat, expected: ty::t) {
           }
         }
       }
-      ast::pat_vec(before, slice, after) => {
+      ast::pat_vec(ref before, slice, ref after) => {
         let default_region_var =
             fcx.infcx().next_region_var_with_lb(
                 pat.span, pcx.block_region
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/method.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/method.rs
index 604a753c448..63a210f84eb 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/method.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/method.rs
@@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ pub impl LookupContext/&self {
 
             let mut j = i + 1;
             while j < candidates.len() {
-                let candidate_b = /*bad*/copy candidates[j];
+                let candidate_b = &candidates[j];
                 debug!("attempting to merge %? and %?",
                        candidate_a, candidate_b);
                 let candidates_same = match (&candidate_a.origin,
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/mod.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/mod.rs
index 7a1beeca513..2d35fc17ede 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/mod.rs
@@ -577,18 +577,18 @@ pub fn check_item(ccx: @mut CrateCtxt, it: @ast::item) {
            ty::item_path_str(ccx.tcx, local_def(it.id)));
     let _indenter = indenter();
 
-    match /*bad*/copy it.node {
+    match it.node {
       ast::item_const(_, e) => check_const(ccx, it.span, e, it.id),
       ast::item_enum(ref enum_definition, _) => {
         check_enum_variants(ccx,
                             it.span,
-                            /*bad*/copy (*enum_definition).variants,
+                            enum_definition.variants,
                             it.id);
       }
       ast::item_fn(ref decl, _, _, ref body) => {
         check_bare_fn(ccx, decl, body, it.id, None);
       }
-      ast::item_impl(_, _, ty, ms) => {
+      ast::item_impl(_, _, ty, ref ms) => {
         let rp = ccx.tcx.region_paramd_items.find(&it.id);
         debug!("item_impl %s with id %d rp %?",
                *ccx.tcx.sess.str_of(it.ident), it.id, rp);
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ pub fn check_item(ccx: @mut CrateCtxt, it: @ast::item) {
         let tpt_ty = ty::node_id_to_type(ccx.tcx, it.id);
         check_bounds_are_used(ccx, t.span, &generics.ty_params, tpt_ty);
       }
-      ast::item_foreign_mod(m) => {
+      ast::item_foreign_mod(ref m) => {
         if syntax::attr::foreign_abi(it.attrs) ==
             either::Right(ast::foreign_abi_rust_intrinsic) {
             for m.items.each |item| {
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
         call_expr_id: ast::node_id,
         in_fty: ty::t,
         callee_expr: @ast::expr,
-        args: ~[@ast::expr],
+        args: &[@ast::expr],
         sugar: ast::CallSugar,
         deref_args: DerefArgs) -> (ty::t, bool)
     {
@@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
                             call_expr_id: ast::node_id,
                             fn_ty: ty::t,
                             expr: @ast::expr,
-                            +args: ~[@ast::expr],
+                            args: &[@ast::expr],
                             bot: bool,
                             sugar: ast::CallSugar) -> bool
     {
@@ -1331,14 +1331,14 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
                   sp: span,
                   call_expr_id: ast::node_id,
                   f: @ast::expr,
-                  +args: ~[@ast::expr],
+                  args: &[@ast::expr],
                   sugar: ast::CallSugar)
                -> bool {
         // Index expressions need to be handled separately, to inform them
         // that they appear in call position.
-        let mut bot = match /*bad*/copy f.node {
-            ast::expr_field(base, field, tys) => {
-                check_field(fcx, f, true, base, field, tys)
+        let mut bot = match f.node {
+            ast::expr_field(base, field, ref tys) => {
+                check_field(fcx, f, true, base, field, *tys)
             }
             _ => check_expr(fcx, f)
         };
@@ -1358,8 +1358,8 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
                          expr: @ast::expr,
                          rcvr: @ast::expr,
                          method_name: ast::ident,
-                         +args: ~[@ast::expr],
-                         tps: ~[@ast::Ty],
+                         args: &[@ast::expr],
+                         tps: &[@ast::Ty],
                          sugar: ast::CallSugar)
                       -> bool {
         let bot = check_expr(fcx, rcvr);
@@ -1594,7 +1594,7 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
 
     fn check_user_unop(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
                        op_str: ~str,
-                       mname: ~str,
+                       +mname: ~str,
                        ex: @ast::expr,
                        rhs_expr: @ast::expr,
                        rhs_t: ty::t)
@@ -1603,7 +1603,7 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
                                ex,
                                rhs_expr,
                                rhs_t,
-                               fcx.tcx().sess.ident_of(/*bad*/ copy mname),
+                               fcx.tcx().sess.ident_of(mname),
                                ~[],
                                DontDerefArgs,
                                DontAutoderefReceiver) {
@@ -1713,7 +1713,7 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
                    is_callee: bool,
                    base: @ast::expr,
                    field: ast::ident,
-                   tys: ~[@ast::Ty])
+                   tys: &[@ast::Ty])
                 -> bool {
         let tcx = fcx.ccx.tcx;
         let bot = check_expr(fcx, base);
@@ -1791,8 +1791,8 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
                                       span: span,
                                       class_id: ast::def_id,
                                       substitutions: &ty::substs,
-                                      field_types: ~[ty::field_ty],
-                                      ast_fields: ~[ast::field],
+                                      field_types: &[ty::field_ty],
+                                      ast_fields: &[ast::field],
                                       check_completeness: bool)
                                    -> bool {
         let tcx = fcx.ccx.tcx;
@@ -1870,7 +1870,7 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
                                 id: ast::node_id,
                                 span: codemap::span,
                                 class_id: ast::def_id,
-                                fields: ~[ast::field],
+                                fields: &[ast::field],
                                 base_expr: Option<@ast::expr>)
                              -> bool {
         let mut bot = false;
@@ -1955,7 +1955,7 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
                                  span: codemap::span,
                                  enum_id: ast::def_id,
                                  variant_id: ast::def_id,
-                                 fields: ~[ast::field])
+                                 fields: &[ast::field])
                               -> bool {
         let mut bot = false;
         let tcx = fcx.ccx.tcx;
@@ -2147,14 +2147,14 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
     let tcx = fcx.ccx.tcx;
     let id = expr.id;
     let mut bot = false;
-    match /*bad*/copy expr.node {
+    match expr.node {
       ast::expr_vstore(ev, vst) => {
-        let typ = match /*bad*/copy ev.node {
+        let typ = match ev.node {
           ast::expr_lit(@codemap::spanned { node: ast::lit_str(s), _ }) => {
             let tt = ast_expr_vstore_to_vstore(fcx, ev, str::len(*s), vst);
             ty::mk_estr(tcx, tt)
           }
-          ast::expr_vec(args, mutbl) => {
+          ast::expr_vec(ref args, mutbl) => {
             let tt = ast_expr_vstore_to_vstore(fcx, ev, args.len(), vst);
             let mutability;
             match vst {
@@ -2317,7 +2317,7 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
         let region_lb = ty::re_scope(expr.id);
         instantiate_path(fcx, pth, tpt, expr.span, expr.id, region_lb);
       }
-      ast::expr_inline_asm(_, ins, outs, _, _, _) => {
+      ast::expr_inline_asm(_, ref ins, ref outs, _, _, _) => {
           fcx.require_unsafe(expr.span, ~"use of inline assembly");
 
           for ins.each |&(_, in)| {
@@ -2389,7 +2389,7 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
         bot = !may_break(tcx, expr.id, body);
       }
       ast::expr_match(discrim, ref arms) => {
-        bot = _match::check_match(fcx, expr, discrim, (/*bad*/copy *arms));
+        bot = _match::check_match(fcx, expr, discrim, *arms);
       }
       ast::expr_fn_block(ref decl, ref body) => {
         check_expr_fn(fcx, expr, None,
@@ -2441,11 +2441,11 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
             };
         fcx.write_ty(id, typ);
       }
-      ast::expr_call(f, args, sugar) => {
-        bot = check_call(fcx, expr.span, expr.id, f, args, sugar);
+      ast::expr_call(f, ref args, sugar) => {
+        bot = check_call(fcx, expr.span, expr.id, f, *args, sugar);
       }
-      ast::expr_method_call(rcvr, ident, tps, args, sugar) => {
-        bot = check_method_call(fcx, expr, rcvr, ident, args, tps, sugar);
+      ast::expr_method_call(rcvr, ident, ref tps, ref args, sugar) => {
+        bot = check_method_call(fcx, expr, rcvr, ident, *args, *tps, sugar);
       }
       ast::expr_cast(e, t) => {
         bot = check_expr(fcx, e);
@@ -2528,7 +2528,7 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
         }
         fcx.write_ty(id, t_1);
       }
-      ast::expr_vec(args, mutbl) => {
+      ast::expr_vec(ref args, mutbl) => {
         let t: ty::t = fcx.infcx().next_ty_var();
         for args.each |e| { bot |= check_expr_has_type(fcx, *e, t); }
         let typ = ty::mk_evec(tcx, ty::mt {ty: t, mutbl: mutbl},
@@ -2544,7 +2544,7 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
                             ty::vstore_fixed(count));
         fcx.write_ty(id, t);
       }
-      ast::expr_tup(elts) => {
+      ast::expr_tup(ref elts) => {
         let flds = unpack_expected(fcx, expected, |sty| {
             match *sty { ty::ty_tup(ref flds) => Some(copy *flds), _ => None }
         });
@@ -2560,11 +2560,11 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
         match tcx.def_map.find(&id) {
             Some(ast::def_struct(type_def_id)) => {
                 check_struct_constructor(fcx, id, expr.span, type_def_id,
-                                         (/*bad*/copy *fields), base_expr);
+                                         *fields, base_expr);
             }
             Some(ast::def_variant(enum_id, variant_id)) => {
                 check_struct_enum_variant(fcx, id, expr.span, enum_id,
-                                          variant_id, (/*bad*/copy *fields));
+                                          variant_id, *fields);
             }
             _ => {
                 tcx.sess.span_bug(path.span, ~"structure constructor does \
@@ -2572,8 +2572,8 @@ pub fn check_expr_with_unifier(fcx: @mut FnCtxt,
             }
         }
       }
-      ast::expr_field(base, field, tys) => {
-        bot = check_field(fcx, expr, false, base, field, tys);
+      ast::expr_field(base, field, ref tys) => {
+        bot = check_field(fcx, expr, false, base, field, *tys);
       }
       ast::expr_index(base, idx) => {
           bot |= check_expr(fcx, base);
@@ -2678,8 +2678,8 @@ pub fn check_stmt(fcx: @mut FnCtxt, stmt: @ast::stmt) -> bool {
     match stmt.node {
       ast::stmt_decl(decl, id) => {
         node_id = id;
-        match /*bad*/copy decl.node {
-          ast::decl_local(ls) => for ls.each |l| {
+        match decl.node {
+          ast::decl_local(ref ls) => for ls.each |l| {
             bot |= check_decl_local(fcx, *l);
           },
           ast::decl_item(_) => {/* ignore for now */ }
@@ -2803,11 +2803,11 @@ pub fn check_instantiable(tcx: ty::ctxt,
 
 pub fn check_enum_variants(ccx: @mut CrateCtxt,
                            sp: span,
-                           +vs: ~[ast::variant],
+                           vs: &[ast::variant],
                            id: ast::node_id) {
     fn do_check(ccx: @mut CrateCtxt,
                 sp: span,
-                vs: ~[ast::variant],
+                vs: &[ast::variant],
                 id: ast::node_id,
                 disr_vals: &mut ~[int],
                 disr_val: &mut int,
@@ -2867,7 +2867,7 @@ pub fn check_enum_variants(ccx: @mut CrateCtxt,
                     arg_tys = None;
                     do_check(ccx,
                              sp,
-                             /*bad*/copy vs,
+                             vs,
                              id,
                              &mut *disr_vals,
                              &mut *disr_val,
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/regionck.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/regionck.rs
index 6871496a805..e0441d2e544 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/regionck.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/check/regionck.rs
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ pub fn visit_expr(expr: @ast::expr, &&rcx: @mut Rcx, v: rvt) {
         }
     }
 
-    match /*bad*/copy expr.node {
+    match expr.node {
         ast::expr_path(*) => {
             // Avoid checking the use of local variables, as we
             // already check their definitions.  The def'n always
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ pub fn visit_expr(expr: @ast::expr, &&rcx: @mut Rcx, v: rvt) {
             }
         }
 
-        ast::expr_call(callee, args, _) => {
+        ast::expr_call(callee, ref args, _) => {
             // Check for a.b() where b is a method.  Ensure that
             // any types in the callee are valid for the entire
             // method call.
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ pub fn visit_expr(expr: @ast::expr, &&rcx: @mut Rcx, v: rvt) {
             }
         }
 
-        ast::expr_method_call(rcvr, _, _, args, _) => {
+        ast::expr_method_call(rcvr, _, _, ref args, _) => {
             // Check for a.b() where b is a method.  Ensure that
             // any types in the callee are valid for the entire
             // method call.
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/coherence.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/coherence.rs
index 699b8ad74e4..620d64fd58e 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/coherence.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/coherence.rs
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ pub impl CoherenceChecker {
     fn check_privileged_scopes(self, crate: @crate) {
         visit_crate(*crate, (), mk_vt(@Visitor {
             visit_item: |item, _context, visitor| {
-                match /*bad*/copy item.node {
+                match item.node {
                     item_mod(ref module_) => {
                         // Then visit the module items.
                         visit_mod(module_, item.span, item.id, (), visitor);
@@ -738,8 +738,8 @@ pub impl CoherenceChecker {
             }
         }
 
-        match /*bad*/copy item.node {
-            item_impl(_, trait_refs, _, ast_methods) => {
+        match item.node {
+            item_impl(_, ref trait_refs, _, ref ast_methods) => {
                 let mut methods = ~[];
                 for ast_methods.each |ast_method| {
                     methods.push(method_to_MethodInfo(*ast_method));
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/collect.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/collect.rs
index b9aac4b19ed..a6626d5c4ed 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/collect.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/collect.rs
@@ -228,9 +228,9 @@ pub fn ensure_trait_methods(ccx: &CrateCtxt,
                             trait_ty: ty::t) {
     fn store_methods<T>(ccx: &CrateCtxt,
                         id: ast::node_id,
-                        stuff: ~[T],
+                        stuff: &[T],
                         f: &fn(v: &T) -> ty::method) {
-        ty::store_trait_methods(ccx.tcx, id, @vec::map(stuff, f));
+        ty::store_trait_methods(ccx.tcx, id, @stuff.map(f));
     }
 
     fn make_static_method_ty(ccx: &CrateCtxt,
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ pub fn ensure_trait_methods(ccx: &CrateCtxt,
                 node: ast::item_trait(ref generics, _, ref ms),
                 _
             }, _) => {
-        store_methods::<ast::trait_method>(ccx, id, (/*bad*/copy *ms), |m| {
+        store_methods::<ast::trait_method>(ccx, id, *ms, |m| {
             let def_id;
             match *m {
                 ast::required(ref ty_method) => {
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ pub fn check_methods_against_trait(ccx: &CrateCtxt,
                                    rp: Option<ty::region_variance>,
                                    selfty: ty::t,
                                    a_trait_ty: @ast::trait_ref,
-                                   impl_ms: ~[ConvertedMethod]) {
+                                   impl_ms: &[ConvertedMethod]) {
 
     let tcx = ccx.tcx;
     let (did, tpt) = instantiate_trait_ref(ccx, a_trait_ty, rp);
@@ -643,8 +643,7 @@ pub fn convert(ccx: &CrateCtxt, it: @ast::item) {
         // XXX: Bad copy of `ms` below.
         let cms = convert_methods(ccx, *ms, rp, i_bounds);
         for trait_ref.each |t| {
-            check_methods_against_trait(ccx, generics, rp, selfty,
-                                        *t, /*bad*/copy cms);
+            check_methods_against_trait(ccx, generics, rp, selfty, *t, cms);
         }
       }
       ast::item_trait(ref generics, ref supertraits, ref trait_methods) => {
@@ -656,7 +655,7 @@ pub fn convert(ccx: &CrateCtxt, it: @ast::item) {
         ensure_supertraits(ccx, it.id, it.span, rp, *supertraits);
 
         let (_, provided_methods) =
-            split_trait_methods(/*bad*/copy *trait_methods);
+            split_trait_methods(*trait_methods);
         let (bounds, _) = mk_substs(ccx, generics, rp);
         let _ = convert_methods(ccx, provided_methods, rp, bounds);
       }
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/combine.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/combine.rs
index 3ec4fcb6d2e..8b128dbc5c5 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/combine.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/combine.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ pub trait Combine {
     fn lub(&self) -> Lub;
     fn glb(&self) -> Glb;
 
-    fn mts(&self, a: ty::mt, b: ty::mt) -> cres<ty::mt>;
+    fn mts(&self, a: &ty::mt, b: &ty::mt) -> cres<ty::mt>;
     fn contratys(&self, a: ty::t, b: ty::t) -> cres<ty::t>;
     fn tys(&self, a: ty::t, b: ty::t) -> cres<ty::t>;
     fn tps(&self, as_: &[ty::t], bs: &[ty::t]) -> cres<~[ty::t]>;
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ pub fn super_flds<C:Combine>(
     self: &C, a: ty::field, b: ty::field) -> cres<ty::field> {
 
     if a.ident == b.ident {
-        self.mts(a.mt, b.mt)
+        self.mts(&a.mt, &b.mt)
             .chain(|mt| Ok(ty::field {ident: a.ident, mt: mt}) )
             .chain_err(|e| Err(ty::terr_in_field(@e, a.ident)) )
     } else {
@@ -419,8 +419,8 @@ pub fn super_fn_sigs<C:Combine>(
     self: &C, a_f: &ty::FnSig, b_f: &ty::FnSig) -> cres<ty::FnSig>
 {
     fn argvecs<C:Combine>(self: &C,
-                          +a_args: ~[ty::arg],
-                          +b_args: ~[ty::arg]) -> cres<~[ty::arg]>
+                          a_args: &[ty::arg],
+                          b_args: &[ty::arg]) -> cres<~[ty::arg]>
     {
         if vec::same_length(a_args, b_args) {
             map_vec2(a_args, b_args, |a, b| self.args(*a, *b))
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ pub fn super_fn_sigs<C:Combine>(
         }
     }
 
-    do argvecs(self, /*bad*/copy a_f.inputs, /*bad*/copy b_f.inputs)
+    do argvecs(self, a_f.inputs, b_f.inputs)
             .chain |inputs| {
         do self.tys(a_f.output, b_f.output).chain |output| {
             Ok(FnSig {inputs: /*bad*/copy inputs, output: output})
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ pub fn super_tys<C:Combine>(
         }
       }
 
-      (ty::ty_param(a_p), ty::ty_param(b_p)) if a_p.idx == b_p.idx => {
+      (ty::ty_param(ref a_p), ty::ty_param(ref b_p)) if a_p.idx == b_p.idx => {
         Ok(a)
       }
 
@@ -538,31 +538,31 @@ pub fn super_tys<C:Combine>(
         }
       }
 
-      (ty::ty_box(a_mt), ty::ty_box(b_mt)) => {
+      (ty::ty_box(ref a_mt), ty::ty_box(ref b_mt)) => {
         do self.mts(a_mt, b_mt).chain |mt| {
             Ok(ty::mk_box(tcx, mt))
         }
       }
 
-      (ty::ty_uniq(a_mt), ty::ty_uniq(b_mt)) => {
+      (ty::ty_uniq(ref a_mt), ty::ty_uniq(ref b_mt)) => {
         do self.mts(a_mt, b_mt).chain |mt| {
             Ok(ty::mk_uniq(tcx, mt))
         }
       }
 
-      (ty::ty_ptr(a_mt), ty::ty_ptr(b_mt)) => {
+      (ty::ty_ptr(ref a_mt), ty::ty_ptr(ref b_mt)) => {
         do self.mts(a_mt, b_mt).chain |mt| {
             Ok(ty::mk_ptr(tcx, mt))
         }
       }
 
-      (ty::ty_rptr(a_r, a_mt), ty::ty_rptr(b_r, b_mt)) => {
+      (ty::ty_rptr(a_r, ref a_mt), ty::ty_rptr(b_r, ref b_mt)) => {
           let r = if_ok!(self.contraregions(a_r, b_r));
           let mt = if_ok!(self.mts(a_mt, b_mt));
           Ok(ty::mk_rptr(tcx, r, mt))
       }
 
-      (ty::ty_evec(a_mt, vs_a), ty::ty_evec(b_mt, vs_b)) => {
+      (ty::ty_evec(ref a_mt, vs_a), ty::ty_evec(ref b_mt, vs_b)) => {
         do self.mts(a_mt, b_mt).chain |mt| {
             do self.vstores(ty::terr_vec, vs_a, vs_b).chain |vs| {
                 Ok(ty::mk_evec(tcx, mt, vs))
@@ -576,9 +576,9 @@ pub fn super_tys<C:Combine>(
         }
       }
 
-      (ty::ty_tup(as_), ty::ty_tup(bs)) => {
-        if vec::same_length(as_, bs) {
-            map_vec2(as_, bs, |a, b| self.tys(*a, *b) )
+      (ty::ty_tup(ref as_), ty::ty_tup(ref bs)) => {
+        if as_.len() == bs.len() {
+            map_vec2(*as_, *bs, |a, b| self.tys(*a, *b) )
                 .chain(|ts| Ok(ty::mk_tup(tcx, ts)) )
         } else {
             Err(ty::terr_tuple_size(
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/glb.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/glb.rs
index ff13f7ee576..55bfa9888c0 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/glb.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/glb.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl Combine for Glb {
     fn lub(&self) -> Lub { Lub(**self) }
     fn glb(&self) -> Glb { Glb(**self) }
 
-    fn mts(&self, a: ty::mt, b: ty::mt) -> cres<ty::mt> {
+    fn mts(&self, a: &ty::mt, b: &ty::mt) -> cres<ty::mt> {
         let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
 
         debug!("%s.mts(%s, %s)",
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/lub.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/lub.rs
index 933ad44a79e..59cc15dfc02 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/lub.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/lub.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl Combine for Lub {
     fn lub(&self) -> Lub { Lub(**self) }
     fn glb(&self) -> Glb { Glb(**self) }
 
-    fn mts(&self, a: ty::mt, b: ty::mt) -> cres<ty::mt> {
+    fn mts(&self, a: &ty::mt, b: &ty::mt) -> cres<ty::mt> {
         let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
 
         debug!("%s.mts(%s, %s)",
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/resolve.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/resolve.rs
index bcbe08c2881..1d9594d930c 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/resolve.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/resolve.rs
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ pub impl ResolveState {
             return typ;
         }
 
-        match /*bad*/ copy ty::get(typ).sty {
+        match ty::get(typ).sty {
             ty::ty_infer(TyVar(vid)) => {
                 self.resolve_ty_var(vid)
             }
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/sub.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/sub.rs
index 580aefe5b1a..561fabd9d70 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/sub.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/sub.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl Combine for Sub {
         }
     }
 
-    fn mts(&self, a: ty::mt, b: ty::mt) -> cres<ty::mt> {
+    fn mts(&self, a: &ty::mt, b: &ty::mt) -> cres<ty::mt> {
         debug!("mts(%s <: %s)", a.inf_str(self.infcx), b.inf_str(self.infcx));
 
         if a.mutbl != b.mutbl && b.mutbl != m_const {
@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ impl Combine for Sub {
           m_mutbl => {
             // If supertype is mut, subtype must match exactly
             // (i.e., invariant if mut):
-            eq_tys(self, a.ty, b.ty).then(|| Ok(a) )
+            eq_tys(self, a.ty, b.ty).then(|| Ok(copy *a) )
           }
           m_imm | m_const => {
             // Otherwise we can be covariant:
-            self.tys(a.ty, b.ty).chain(|_t| Ok(a) )
+            self.tys(a.ty, b.ty).chain(|_t| Ok(copy *a) )
           }
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/to_str.rs b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/to_str.rs
index a9ad54aea8b..7a28e7d1607 100644
--- a/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/to_str.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/middle/typeck/infer/to_str.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ impl InferStr for FnSig {
 
 impl InferStr for ty::mt {
     fn inf_str(&self, cx: &InferCtxt) -> ~str {
-        mt_to_str(cx.tcx, *self)
+        mt_to_str(cx.tcx, self)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/librustc/util/ppaux.rs b/src/librustc/util/ppaux.rs
index 77258d0b329..d8636470555 100644
--- a/src/librustc/util/ppaux.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/util/ppaux.rs
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ pub fn region_to_str_space(cx: ctxt, prefix: &str, region: Region) -> ~str {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn mt_to_str(cx: ctxt, m: mt) -> ~str {
+pub fn mt_to_str(cx: ctxt, m: &mt) -> ~str {
     let mstr = match m.mutbl {
       ast::m_mutbl => "mut ",
       ast::m_imm => "",
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ pub fn ty_to_str(cx: ctxt, typ: t) -> ~str {
                        &m.fty.sig) + ~";"
     }
     fn field_to_str(cx: ctxt, f: field) -> ~str {
-        return *cx.sess.str_of(f.ident) + ~": " + mt_to_str(cx, f.mt);
+        return *cx.sess.str_of(f.ident) + ~": " + mt_to_str(cx, &f.mt);
     }
 
     // if there is an id, print that instead of the structural type:
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ pub fn ty_to_str(cx: ctxt, typ: t) -> ~str {
     }*/
 
     // pretty print the structural type representation:
-    return match /*bad*/copy ty::get(typ).sty {
+    return match ty::get(typ).sty {
       ty_nil => ~"()",
       ty_bot => ~"!",
       ty_bool => ~"bool",
@@ -413,15 +413,15 @@ pub fn ty_to_str(cx: ctxt, typ: t) -> ~str {
       ty_uint(t) => ast_util::uint_ty_to_str(t),
       ty_float(ast::ty_f) => ~"float",
       ty_float(t) => ast_util::float_ty_to_str(t),
-      ty_box(tm) => ~"@" + mt_to_str(cx, tm),
-      ty_uniq(tm) => ~"~" + mt_to_str(cx, tm),
-      ty_ptr(tm) => ~"*" + mt_to_str(cx, tm),
-      ty_rptr(r, tm) => {
+      ty_box(ref tm) => ~"@" + mt_to_str(cx, tm),
+      ty_uniq(ref tm) => ~"~" + mt_to_str(cx, tm),
+      ty_ptr(ref tm) => ~"*" + mt_to_str(cx, tm),
+      ty_rptr(r, ref tm) => {
         region_to_str_space(cx, ~"&", r) + mt_to_str(cx, tm)
       }
-      ty_unboxed_vec(tm) => { ~"unboxed_vec<" + mt_to_str(cx, tm) + ~">" }
+      ty_unboxed_vec(ref tm) => { ~"unboxed_vec<" + mt_to_str(cx, tm) + ~">" }
       ty_type => ~"type",
-      ty_tup(elems) => {
+      ty_tup(ref elems) => {
         let strs = elems.map(|elem| ty_to_str(cx, *elem));
         ~"(" + str::connect(strs, ~",") + ~")"
       }
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ pub fn ty_to_str(cx: ctxt, typ: t) -> ~str {
         let ty = parameterized(cx, base, substs.self_r, substs.tps);
         fmt!("%s%s", trait_store_to_str(cx, s), ty)
       }
-      ty_evec(mt, vs) => {
+      ty_evec(ref mt, vs) => {
         vstore_ty_to_str(cx, fmt!("%s", mt_to_str(cx, mt)), vs)
       }
       ty_estr(vs) => fmt!("%s%s", vstore_to_str(cx, vs), ~"str"),