Rollup merge of #72920 - oli-obk:const_transmute, r=RalfJung

Stabilize `transmute` in constants and statics but not const fn

cc #53605 (leaving issue open so we can add `transmute` to `const fn` later)

Previous attempt: #64011

r? @RalfJung

cc @rust-lang/wg-const-eval

tests/ui/missing_const_for_fn/could_be_const.stderr

@@ -57,14 +57,6 @@ LL | |     t
 LL | | }
    | |_^
 
-error: this could be a `const fn`
-  --> $DIR/could_be_const.rs:48:1
-   |
-LL | / fn sub(x: u32) -> usize {
-LL | |     unsafe { transmute(&x) }
-LL | | }
-   | |_^
-
 error: this could be a `const fn`
   --> $DIR/could_be_const.rs:67:9
    |
@@ -73,5 +65,5 @@ LL | |             B
 LL | |         }
    | |_________^
 
-error: aborting due to 9 previous errors
+error: aborting due to 8 previous errors