Update stdlib, compiler, and tests to new kind system

This involved adding 'copy' to more generics than I hoped, but an
experiment with making it implicit showed that that way lies madness --
unless enforced, you will not remember to mark functions that don't
copy as not requiring copyable kind.

Issue #1177

src/comp/front/attr.rs

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ fn require_unique_names(sess: session::session, metas: [@ast::meta_item]) {
     }
 }
 
-fn span<T>(item: T) -> ast::spanned<T> {
+fn span<copy T>(item: T) -> ast::spanned<T> {
     ret {node: item, span: ast_util::dummy_sp()};
 }
 

src/comp/front/test.rs

@@ -196,7 +196,9 @@ fn mk_test_module(cx: test_ctxt) -> @ast::item {
     ret @item;
 }
 
-fn nospan<T>(t: T) -> ast::spanned<T> { ret {node: t, span: dummy_sp()}; }
+fn nospan<copy T>(t: T) -> ast::spanned<T> {
+    ret {node: t, span: dummy_sp()};
+}
 
 fn mk_tests(cx: test_ctxt) -> @ast::item {
     let ret_ty = mk_test_desc_vec_ty(cx);

src/comp/metadata/encoder.rs

@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ fn encode_info_for_items(ecx: @encode_ctxt, ebml_w: ebml::writer) ->
 
 // Path and definition ID indexing
 
-fn create_index<T>(index: [entry<T>], hash_fn: fn(T) -> uint) ->
+fn create_index<copy T>(index: [entry<T>], hash_fn: fn(T) -> uint) ->
    [@[entry<T>]] {
     let buckets: [@mutable [entry<T>]] = [];
     uint::range(0u, 256u) {|_i| buckets += [@mutable []]; };

src/comp/metadata/tydecode.rs

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ fn parse_ty_constr_arg(st: @pstate, sd: str_def) ->
     }
 }
 
-fn parse_constr<T>(st: @pstate, sd: str_def, pser: arg_parser<T>) ->
+fn parse_constr<copy T>(st: @pstate, sd: str_def, pser: arg_parser<T>) ->
    @ty::constr_general<T> {
     let sp = ast_util::dummy_sp(); // FIXME: use a real span
     let args: [@sp_constr_arg<T>] = [];

src/comp/middle/ast_map.rs

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ fn map_expr(cx: ctx, ex: @expr) {
     cx.map.insert(ex.id, node_expr(ex));
 }
 
-fn new_smallintmap_int_adapter<V>() -> std::map::hashmap<int, V> {
+fn new_smallintmap_int_adapter<copy V>() -> std::map::hashmap<int, V> {
     let key_idx = fn (&&key: int) -> uint { key as uint };
     let idx_key = fn (idx: uint) -> int { idx as int };
     ret new_smallintmap_adapter(key_idx, idx_key);
@@ -85,11 +85,11 @@ fn new_smallintmap_int_adapter<V>() -> std::map::hashmap<int, V> {
 // the entire codebase adapting all the callsites to the different
 // interface.
 // FIXME: hashmap and smallintmap should support the same interface.
-fn new_smallintmap_adapter<K, V>(key_idx: fn(K) -> uint,
-                                   idx_key: fn(uint) -> K)
+fn new_smallintmap_adapter<copy K, copy V>(key_idx: fn(K) -> uint,
+                                           idx_key: fn(uint) -> K)
     -> std::map::hashmap<K, V> {
 
-    obj adapter<shar K, shar V>(map: smallintmap::smallintmap<V>,
+    obj adapter<copy K, copy V>(map: smallintmap::smallintmap<V>,
                                 key_idx: fn(K) -> uint,
                                 idx_key: fn(uint) -> K) {
 

src/comp/syntax/ast.rs

@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ type def_id = {crate: crate_num, node: node_id};
 
 const local_crate: crate_num = 0;
 
-tag plicit<T> { explicit(T); implicit(T); }
-
-type ty_param = {ident: ident, kind: plicit<kind>};
+type ty_param = {ident: ident, kind: kind};
 
 tag def {
     def_fn(def_id, purity);

src/comp/syntax/ast_util.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ import std::{str, option};
 import codemap::span;
 import ast::*;
 
-fn respan<T>(sp: span, t: T) -> spanned<T> { ret {node: t, span: sp}; }
+fn respan<copy T>(sp: span, t: T) -> spanned<T> {
+    ret {node: t, span: sp};
+}
 
 /* assuming that we're not in macro expansion */
 fn mk_sp(lo: uint, hi: uint) -> span {
@@ -186,7 +188,7 @@ fn eq_def_id(&&a: def_id, &&b: def_id) -> bool {
     a == b
 }
 
-fn new_def_id_hash<T>() -> std::map::hashmap<def_id, T> {
+fn new_def_id_hash<copy T>() -> std::map::hashmap<def_id, T> {
     std::map::mk_hashmap(hash_def_id, eq_def_id)
 }
 
@@ -228,9 +230,7 @@ fn ret_by_ref(style: ret_style) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
-fn ty_param_kind(tp: ty_param) -> kind {
-    alt tp.kind { ast::implicit(x) | ast::explicit(x) { x } }
-}
+fn ty_param_kind(tp: ty_param) -> kind { tp.kind }
 
 // Local Variables:
 // mode: rust

src/comp/syntax/ext/simplext.rs

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ fn elts_to_ell(cx: ext_ctxt, elts: [@expr]) ->
         }
 }
 
-fn option_flatten_map<T, U>(f: fn@(T) -> option::t<U>, v: [T]) ->
+fn option_flatten_map<copy T, copy U>(f: fn@(T) -> option::t<U>, v: [T]) ->
    option::t<[U]> {
     let res = [];
     for elem: T in v {

src/comp/syntax/parse/parser.rs

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ fn expect_gt(p: parser) {
     }
 }
 
-fn spanned<T>(lo: uint, hi: uint, node: T) -> spanned<T> {
+fn spanned<copy T>(lo: uint, hi: uint, node: T) -> spanned<T> {
     ret {node: node, span: ast_util::mk_sp(lo, hi)};
 }
 
@@ -394,8 +394,8 @@ fn parse_constr_in_type(p: parser) -> @ast::ty_constr {
 }
 
 
-fn parse_constrs<T>(pser: block(parser) -> @ast::constr_general<T>,
-                    p: parser) ->
+fn parse_constrs<copy T>(pser: block(parser) -> @ast::constr_general<T>,
+                         p: parser) ->
    [@ast::constr_general<T>] {
     let constrs: [@ast::constr_general<T>] = [];
     while true {
@@ -595,9 +595,9 @@ fn parse_fn_block_arg(p: parser) -> ast::arg {
     ret {mode: m, ty: t, ident: i, id: p.get_id()};
 }
 
-fn parse_seq_to_before_gt<T>(sep: option::t<token::token>,
-                              f: block(parser) -> T,
-                              p: parser) -> [T] {
+fn parse_seq_to_before_gt<copy T>(sep: option::t<token::token>,
+                                  f: block(parser) -> T,
+                                  p: parser) -> [T] {
     let first = true;
     let v = [];
     while p.peek() != token::GT && p.peek() != token::BINOP(token::LSR) &&
@@ -612,16 +612,17 @@ fn parse_seq_to_before_gt<T>(sep: option::t<token::token>,
     ret v;
 }
 
-fn parse_seq_to_gt<T>(sep: option::t<token::token>, f: block(parser) -> T,
-                      p: parser) -> [T] {
+fn parse_seq_to_gt<copy T>(sep: option::t<token::token>,
+                           f: block(parser) -> T, p: parser) -> [T] {
     let v = parse_seq_to_before_gt(sep, f, p);
     expect_gt(p);
 
     ret v;
 }
 
-fn parse_seq_lt_gt<T>(sep: option::t<token::token>, f: block(parser) -> T,
-                      p: parser) -> spanned<[T]> {
+fn parse_seq_lt_gt<copy T>(sep: option::t<token::token>,
+                           f: block(parser) -> T,
+                           p: parser) -> spanned<[T]> {
     let lo = p.get_lo_pos();
     expect(p, token::LT);
     let result = parse_seq_to_before_gt::<T>(sep, f, p);
@@ -630,16 +631,16 @@ fn parse_seq_lt_gt<T>(sep: option::t<token::token>, f: block(parser) -> T,
     ret spanned(lo, hi, result);
 }
 
-fn parse_seq_to_end<T>(ket: token::token, sep: option::t<token::token>,
-                       f: block(parser) -> T, p: parser) -> [T] {
+fn parse_seq_to_end<copy T>(ket: token::token, sep: option::t<token::token>,
+                            f: block(parser) -> T, p: parser) -> [T] {
     let val = parse_seq_to_before_end(ket, sep, f, p);
     p.bump();
     ret val;
 }
 
-fn parse_seq_to_before_end<T>(ket: token::token,
-                               sep: option::t<token::token>,
-                               f: block(parser) -> T, p: parser) -> [T] {
+fn parse_seq_to_before_end<copy T>(ket: token::token,
+                                   sep: option::t<token::token>,
+                                   f: block(parser) -> T, p: parser) -> [T] {
     let first: bool = true;
     let v: [T] = [];
     while p.peek() != ket {
@@ -653,9 +654,9 @@ fn parse_seq_to_before_end<T>(ket: token::token,
 }
 
 
-fn parse_seq<T>(bra: token::token, ket: token::token,
-                sep: option::t<token::token>, f: block(parser) -> T,
-                p: parser) -> spanned<[T]> {
+fn parse_seq<copy T>(bra: token::token, ket: token::token,
+                     sep: option::t<token::token>, f: block(parser) -> T,
+                     p: parser) -> spanned<[T]> {
     let lo = p.get_lo_pos();
     expect(p, bra);
     let result = parse_seq_to_before_end::<T>(ket, sep, f, p);
@@ -1741,24 +1742,18 @@ fn parse_block_tail(p: parser, lo: uint, s: ast::blk_check_mode) -> ast::blk {
     ret spanned(lo, hi, bloc);
 }
 
-fn parse_ty_param(p: parser, def: ast::kind) -> ast::ty_param {
-    // Accept both old and new kind names for now. FIXME remove this
-    let k = if eat_word(p, "send") | eat_word(p, "uniq")
-                { ast::explicit(ast::kind_sendable) }
-            else if eat_word(p, "copy") | eat_word(p, "shar")
-                { ast::explicit(ast::kind_copyable) }
-            else if eat_word(p, "nocopy") | eat_word(p, "pin")
-                { ast::explicit(ast::kind_noncopyable) }
-            else { ast::implicit(def) };
+fn parse_ty_param(p: parser) -> ast::ty_param {
+    let k = if eat_word(p, "send") { ast::kind_sendable }
+            else if eat_word(p, "copy") { ast::kind_copyable }
+            else { ast::kind_noncopyable };
     ret {ident: parse_ident(p), kind: k};
 }
 
-fn parse_ty_params(p: parser, def: ast::kind) -> [ast::ty_param] {
+fn parse_ty_params(p: parser) -> [ast::ty_param] {
     let ty_params: [ast::ty_param] = [];
     if p.peek() == token::LT {
         p.bump();
-        ty_params = parse_seq_to_gt(some(token::COMMA),
-                                    {|p| parse_ty_param(p, def)}, p);
+        ty_params = parse_seq_to_gt(some(token::COMMA), parse_ty_param, p);
     }
     ret ty_params;
 }
@@ -1811,7 +1806,7 @@ fn parse_fn(p: parser, proto: ast::proto, purity: ast::purity,
 
 fn parse_fn_header(p: parser) -> {ident: ast::ident, tps: [ast::ty_param]} {
     let id = parse_value_ident(p);
-    let ty_params = parse_ty_params(p, ast::kind_copyable);
+    let ty_params = parse_ty_params(p);
     ret {ident: id, tps: ty_params};
 }
 
@@ -1864,7 +1859,7 @@ fn parse_method(p: parser) -> @ast::method {
 fn parse_item_obj(p: parser, attrs: [ast::attribute]) -> @ast::item {
     let lo = p.get_last_lo_pos();
     let ident = parse_value_ident(p);
-    let ty_params = parse_ty_params(p, ast::kind_copyable);
+    let ty_params = parse_ty_params(p);
     let fields: ast::spanned<[ast::obj_field]> =
         parse_seq(token::LPAREN, token::RPAREN, some(token::COMMA),
                   parse_obj_field, p);
@@ -1881,7 +1876,7 @@ fn parse_item_obj(p: parser, attrs: [ast::attribute]) -> @ast::item {
 fn parse_item_res(p: parser, attrs: [ast::attribute]) -> @ast::item {
     let lo = p.get_last_lo_pos();
     let ident = parse_value_ident(p);
-    let ty_params = parse_ty_params(p, ast::kind_noncopyable);
+    let ty_params = parse_ty_params(p);
     expect(p, token::LPAREN);
     let arg_ident = parse_value_ident(p);
     expect(p, token::COLON);
@@ -2045,7 +2040,7 @@ fn parse_type_decl(p: parser) -> {lo: uint, ident: ast::ident} {
 
 fn parse_item_type(p: parser, attrs: [ast::attribute]) -> @ast::item {
     let t = parse_type_decl(p);
-    let tps = parse_ty_params(p, ast::kind_noncopyable);
+    let tps = parse_ty_params(p);
     expect(p, token::EQ);
     let ty = parse_ty(p, false);
     let hi = p.get_hi_pos();
@@ -2056,7 +2051,7 @@ fn parse_item_type(p: parser, attrs: [ast::attribute]) -> @ast::item {
 fn parse_item_tag(p: parser, attrs: [ast::attribute]) -> @ast::item {
     let lo = p.get_last_lo_pos();
     let id = parse_ident(p);
-    let ty_params = parse_ty_params(p, ast::kind_noncopyable);
+    let ty_params = parse_ty_params(p);
     let variants: [ast::variant] = [];
     // Newtype syntax
     if p.peek() == token::EQ {

src/comp/syntax/print/pprust.rs

@@ -1167,12 +1167,11 @@ fn print_arg_mode(s: ps, m: ast::mode) {
     }
 }
 
-fn print_kind(s: ps, kind: ast::plicit<ast::kind>) {
+fn print_kind(s: ps, kind: ast::kind) {
     alt kind {
-      ast::explicit(ast::kind_sendable.) { word_nbsp(s, "send"); }
-      ast::explicit(ast::kind_copyable.) { word_nbsp(s, "copy"); }
-      ast::explicit(ast::kind_noncopyable.) { word_nbsp(s, "nocopy"); }
-      ast::implicit(_) {}
+      ast::kind_sendable. { word_nbsp(s, "send"); }
+      ast::kind_copyable. { word_nbsp(s, "copy"); }
+      ast::kind_noncopyable. {}
     }
 }
 

src/comp/syntax/util/interner.rs

@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ type interner<T> =
      hasher: hashfn<T>,
      eqer: eqfn<T>};
 
-fn mk<T>(hasher: hashfn<T>, eqer: eqfn<T>) -> interner<T> {
+fn mk<copy T>(hasher: hashfn<T>, eqer: eqfn<T>) -> interner<T> {
     let m = map::mk_hashmap::<T, uint>(hasher, eqer);
     ret {map: m, mutable vect: [], hasher: hasher, eqer: eqer};
 }
 
-fn intern<T>(itr: interner<T>, val: T) -> uint {
+fn intern<copy T>(itr: interner<T>, val: T) -> uint {
     alt itr.map.find(val) {
       some(idx) { ret idx; }
       none. {
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ fn intern<T>(itr: interner<T>, val: T) -> uint {
 // |get| isn't "pure" in the traditional sense, because it can go from
 // failing to returning a value as items are interned. But for typestate,
 // where we first check a pred and then rely on it, ceasing to fail is ok.
-pure fn get<T>(itr: interner<T>, idx: uint) -> T {
+pure fn get<copy T>(itr: interner<T>, idx: uint) -> T {
     unchecked {
         itr.vect[idx]
     }

src/comp/util/common.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fn hash_def(d: ast::def_id) -> uint {
     ret h;
 }
 
-fn new_def_hash<V>() -> std::map::hashmap<ast::def_id, V> {
+fn new_def_hash<copy V>() -> std::map::hashmap<ast::def_id, V> {
     let hasher: std::map::hashfn<ast::def_id> = hash_def;
     let eqer: std::map::eqfn<ast::def_id> = def_eq;
     ret std::map::mk_hashmap::<ast::def_id, V>(hasher, eqer);
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ fn lit_in_range(l: @ast::lit, m1: @ast::lit, m2: @ast::lit) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
-fn ranges_overlap<T>(a1: T, a2: T, b1: T, b2: T) -> bool {
+fn ranges_overlap<copy T>(a1: T, a2: T, b1: T, b2: T) -> bool {
     let min1 = min(a1, a2);
     let max1 = max(a1, a2);
     let min2 = min(b1, b2);

src/comp/util/filesearch.rs

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ fn mk_filesearch(maybe_sysroot: option::t<fs::path>,
 }
 
 // FIXME #1001: This can't be an obj method
-fn search<T>(filesearch: filesearch, pick: pick<T>) -> option::t<T> {
+fn search<copy T>(filesearch: filesearch, pick: pick<T>) -> option::t<T> {
     for lib_search_path in filesearch.lib_search_paths() {
         log #fmt["searching %s", lib_search_path];
         for path in fs::list_dir(lib_search_path) {

src/fuzzer/fuzzer.rs

@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ fn check_variants_of_ast(crate: ast::crate, codemap: codemap::codemap,
     check_variants_T(crate, codemap, filename, "ty", stolen.tys, pprust::ty_to_str, replace_ty_in_crate, cx);
 }
 
-fn check_variants_T<T>(
+fn check_variants_T<copy T>(
   crate: ast::crate,
   codemap: codemap::codemap,
   filename: str,

src/lib/comm.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ native mod rustrt {
     type void;
     type rust_port;
 
-    fn chan_id_send<uniq T>(t: *sys::type_desc,
+    fn chan_id_send<send T>(t: *sys::type_desc,
                             target_task: task::task, target_port: port_id,
                             data: T) -> ctypes::uintptr_t;
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ native mod rustrt {
 
 #[abi = "rust-intrinsic"]
 native mod rusti {
-    fn recv<uniq T>(port: *rustrt::rust_port) -> T;
+    fn recv<send T>(port: *rustrt::rust_port) -> T;
 }
 
 type port_id = int;
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ dropped.
 
 Channels may be duplicated and themselves transmitted over other channels.
 */
-tag chan<uniq T> {
+tag chan<send T> {
     chan_t(task::task, port_id);
 }
 
-resource port_ptr<uniq T>(po: *rustrt::rust_port) {
+resource port_ptr<send T>(po: *rustrt::rust_port) {
     // Once the port is detached it's guaranteed not to receive further
     // messages
     rustrt::rust_port_detach(po);
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ transmitted. If a port value is copied, both copies refer to the same port.
 
 Ports may be associated with multiple <chan>s.
 */
-tag port<uniq T> { port_t(@port_ptr<T>); }
+tag port<send T> { port_t(@port_ptr<T>); }
 
 /*
 Function: send
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Sends data over a channel.
 The sent data is moved into the channel, whereupon the caller loses access
 to it.
 */
-fn send<uniq T>(ch: chan<T>, -data: T) {
+fn send<send T>(ch: chan<T>, -data: T) {
     let chan_t(t, p) = ch;
     let res = rustrt::chan_id_send(sys::get_type_desc::<T>(), t, p, data);
     if res != 0u unsafe {
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ Function: port
 
 Constructs a port.
 */
-fn port<uniq T>() -> port<T> {
+fn port<send T>() -> port<T> {
     port_t(@port_ptr(rustrt::new_port(sys::size_of::<T>())))
 }
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Receive from a port.
 If no data is available on the port then the task will block until data
 becomes available.
 */
-fn recv<uniq T>(p: port<T>) -> T { ret rusti::recv(***p) }
+fn recv<send T>(p: port<T>) -> T { ret rusti::recv(***p) }
 
 /*
 Function: chan
@@ -149,6 +149,6 @@ Constructs a channel.
 
 The channel is bound to the port used to construct it.
 */
-fn chan<uniq T>(p: port<T>) -> chan<T> {
+fn chan<send T>(p: port<T>) -> chan<T> {
     chan_t(task::get_task(), rustrt::get_port_id(***p))
 }

src/lib/deque.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Section: Functions
 /*
 Function: create
 */
-fn create<T>() -> t<T> {
+fn create<copy T>() -> t<T> {
     type cell<T> = option::t<T>;
 
     let initial_capacity: uint = 32u; // 2^5
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ fn create<T>() -> t<T> {
       * Grow is only called on full elts, so nelts is also len(elts), unlike
       * elsewhere.
       */
-    fn grow<T>(nelts: uint, lo: uint, elts: [mutable cell<T>]) ->
+    fn grow<copy T>(nelts: uint, lo: uint, elts: [mutable cell<T>]) ->
        [mutable cell<T>] {
         assert (nelts == vec::len(elts));
         let rv = [mutable];
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ fn create<T>() -> t<T> {
     fn get<T>(elts: [mutable cell<T>], i: uint) -> T {
         ret alt elts[i] { option::some(t) { t } _ { fail } };
     }
-    obj deque<shar T>(mutable nelts: uint,
+    obj deque<copy T>(mutable nelts: uint,
                       mutable lo: uint,
                       mutable hi: uint,
                       mutable elts: [mutable cell<T>]) {

src/lib/either.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Function: lefts
 
 Extracts from a vector of either all the left values.
 */
-fn lefts<T, U>(eithers: [t<T, U>]) -> [T] {
+fn lefts<copy T, U>(eithers: [t<T, U>]) -> [T] {
     let result: [T] = [];
     for elt: t<T, U> in eithers {
         alt elt { left(l) { result += [l]; } _ {/* fallthrough */ } }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Function: rights
 
 Extracts from a vector of either all the right values
 */
-fn rights<T, U>(eithers: [t<T, U>]) -> [U] {
+fn rights<T, copy U>(eithers: [t<T, U>]) -> [U] {
     let result: [U] = [];
     for elt: t<T, U> in eithers {
         alt elt { right(r) { result += [r]; } _ {/* fallthrough */ } }
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ Extracts from a vector of either all the left values and right values
 Returns a structure containing a vector of left values and a vector of
 right values.
 */
-fn partition<T, U>(eithers: [t<T, U>]) -> {lefts: [T], rights: [U]} {
+fn partition<copy T, copy U>(eithers: [t<T, U>])
+    -> {lefts: [T], rights: [U]} {
     let lefts: [T] = [];
     let rights: [U] = [];
     for elt: t<T, U> in eithers {

src/lib/fun_treemap.rs

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Function: insert
 
 Insert a value into the map
 */
-fn insert<K, V>(m: treemap<K, V>, k: K, v: V) -> treemap<K, V> {
+fn insert<copy K, copy V>(m: treemap<K, V>, k: K, v: V) -> treemap<K, V> {
     @alt m {
        @empty. { node(@k, @v, @empty, @empty) }
        @node(@kk, vv, left, right) {
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Function: find
 
 Find a value based on the key
 */
-fn find<K, V>(m: treemap<K, V>, k: K) -> option<V> {
+fn find<K, copy V>(m: treemap<K, V>, k: K) -> option<V> {
     alt *m {
       empty. { none }
       node(@kk, @v, left, right) {
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Function: traverse
 
 Visit all pairs in the map in order.
 */
-fn traverse<K, V>(m: treemap<K, V>, f: block(K, V)) {
+fn traverse<K, copy V>(m: treemap<K, V>, f: block(K, V)) {
     alt *m {
       empty. { }
       node(@k, @v, _, _) {

src/lib/list.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Function: from_vec
 
 Create a list from a vector
 */
-fn from_vec<T>(v: [const T]) -> list<T> {
+fn from_vec<copy T>(v: [const T]) -> list<T> {
     *vec::foldr({ |h, t| @cons(h, t) }, @nil::<T>, v)
 }
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ ls - The list to fold
 z - The initial value
 f - The function to apply
 */
-fn foldl<T, U>(ls: list<U>, z: T, f: block(T, U) -> T) -> T {
+fn foldl<copy T, copy U>(ls: list<U>, z: T, f: block(T, U) -> T) -> T {
     let accum: T = z;
     let ls = ls;
     while true {
@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ Apply function `f` to each element of `v`, starting from the first.
 When function `f` returns true then an option containing the element
 is returned. If `f` matches no elements then none is returned.
 */
-fn find<T, U>(ls: list<T>, f: block(T) -> option::t<U>) -> option::t<U> {
+fn find<copy T, copy U>(ls: list<T>, f: block(T) -> option::t<U>)
+    -> option::t<U> {
     let ls = ls;
     while true {
         alt ls {
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ Function: has
 
 Returns true if a list contains an element with the given value
 */
-fn has<T>(ls: list<T>, elt: T) -> bool {
+fn has<copy T>(ls: list<T>, elt: T) -> bool {
     let ls = ls;
     while true {
         alt ls {
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ Function: len
 
 Returns the length of a list
 */
-fn len<T>(ls: list<T>) -> uint {
+fn len<copy T>(ls: list<T>) -> uint {
     fn count<T>(&&u: uint, _t: T) -> uint { ret u + 1u; }
     ret foldl(ls, 0u, bind count(_, _));
 }
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ Function: tail
 
 Returns all but the first element of a list
 */
-fn tail<T>(ls: list<T>) -> list<T> {
+fn tail<copy T>(ls: list<T>) -> list<T> {
     alt ls { cons(_, tl) { ret *tl; } nil. { fail "list empty" } }
 }
 
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ Function: head
 
 Returns the first element of a list
 */
-fn head<T>(ls: list<T>) -> T {
+fn head<copy T>(ls: list<T>) -> T {
     alt ls { cons(hd, _) { ret hd; } nil. { fail "list empty" } }
 }
 
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ Function: append
 
 Appends one list to another
 */
-fn append<T>(l: list<T>, m: list<T>) -> list<T> {
+fn append<copy T>(l: list<T>, m: list<T>) -> list<T> {
     alt l {
       nil. { ret m; }
       cons(x, xs) { let rest = append(*xs, m); ret cons(x, @rest); }

src/lib/map.rs

@@ -114,12 +114,13 @@ Parameters:
 hasher - The hash function for key type K
 eqer - The equality function for key type K
 */
-fn mk_hashmap<K, V>(hasher: hashfn<K>, eqer: eqfn<K>) -> hashmap<K, V> {
+fn mk_hashmap<copy K, copy V>(hasher: hashfn<K>, eqer: eqfn<K>)
+    -> hashmap<K, V> {
     let initial_capacity: uint = 32u; // 2^5
 
     let load_factor: util::rational = {num: 3, den: 4};
-    tag bucket<K, V> { nil; deleted; some(K, V); }
-    fn make_buckets<K, V>(nbkts: uint) -> [mutable bucket<K, V>] {
+    tag bucket<copy K, copy V> { nil; deleted; some(K, V); }
+    fn make_buckets<copy K, copy V>(nbkts: uint) -> [mutable bucket<K, V>] {
         ret vec::init_elt_mut::<bucket<K, V>>(nil::<K, V>, nbkts);
     }
     // Derive two hash functions from the one given by taking the upper
@@ -146,9 +147,9 @@ fn mk_hashmap<K, V>(hasher: hashfn<K>, eqer: eqfn<K>) -> hashmap<K, V> {
      * will fail.
      */
 
-    fn insert_common<K, V>(hasher: hashfn<K>, eqer: eqfn<K>,
-                           bkts: [mutable bucket<K, V>], nbkts: uint, key: K,
-                           val: V) -> bool {
+    fn insert_common<copy K, copy V>(hasher: hashfn<K>, eqer: eqfn<K>,
+                                     bkts: [mutable bucket<K, V>],
+                                     nbkts: uint, key: K, val: V) -> bool {
         let i: uint = 0u;
         let h: uint = hasher(key);
         while i < nbkts {
@@ -166,9 +167,9 @@ fn mk_hashmap<K, V>(hasher: hashfn<K>, eqer: eqfn<K>) -> hashmap<K, V> {
         }
         fail; // full table
     }
-    fn find_common<K, V>(hasher: hashfn<K>, eqer: eqfn<K>,
-                         bkts: [mutable bucket<K, V>], nbkts: uint, key: K) ->
-       option::t<V> {
+    fn find_common<copy K, copy V>(hasher: hashfn<K>, eqer: eqfn<K>,
+                                   bkts: [mutable bucket<K, V>],
+                                   nbkts: uint, key: K) -> option::t<V> {
         let i: uint = 0u;
         let h: uint = hasher(key);
         while i < nbkts {
@@ -187,9 +188,11 @@ fn mk_hashmap<K, V>(hasher: hashfn<K>, eqer: eqfn<K>) -> hashmap<K, V> {
         }
         ret option::none;
     }
-    fn rehash<K, V>(hasher: hashfn<K>, eqer: eqfn<K>,
-                    oldbkts: [mutable bucket<K, V>], _noldbkts: uint,
-                    newbkts: [mutable bucket<K, V>], nnewbkts: uint) {
+    fn rehash<copy K, copy V>(hasher: hashfn<K>, eqer: eqfn<K>,
+                              oldbkts: [mutable bucket<K, V>],
+                              _noldbkts: uint,
+                              newbkts: [mutable bucket<K, V>],
+                              nnewbkts: uint) {
         for b: bucket<K, V> in oldbkts {
             alt b {
               some(k_, v_) {
@@ -201,7 +204,7 @@ fn mk_hashmap<K, V>(hasher: hashfn<K>, eqer: eqfn<K>) -> hashmap<K, V> {
             }
         }
     }
-    obj hashmap<shar K, shar V>(hasher: hashfn<K>,
+    obj hashmap<copy K, copy V>(hasher: hashfn<K>,
                                 eqer: eqfn<K>,
                                 mutable bkts: [mutable bucket<K, V>],
                                 mutable nbkts: uint,
@@ -291,7 +294,7 @@ Function: new_str_hash
 
 Construct a hashmap for string keys
 */
-fn new_str_hash<V>() -> hashmap<str, V> {
+fn new_str_hash<copy V>() -> hashmap<str, V> {
     ret mk_hashmap(str::hash, str::eq);
 }
 
@@ -300,7 +303,7 @@ Function: new_int_hash
 
 Construct a hashmap for int keys
 */
-fn new_int_hash<V>() -> hashmap<int, V> {
+fn new_int_hash<copy V>() -> hashmap<int, V> {
     fn hash_int(&&x: int) -> uint { ret x as uint; }
     fn eq_int(&&a: int, &&b: int) -> bool { ret a == b; }
     ret mk_hashmap(hash_int, eq_int);
@@ -311,7 +314,7 @@ Function: new_uint_hash
 
 Construct a hashmap for uint keys
 */
-fn new_uint_hash<V>() -> hashmap<uint, V> {
+fn new_uint_hash<copy V>() -> hashmap<uint, V> {
     fn hash_uint(&&x: uint) -> uint { ret x; }
     fn eq_uint(&&a: uint, &&b: uint) -> bool { ret a == b; }
     ret mk_hashmap(hash_uint, eq_uint);

src/lib/math.rs

@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ Function: min
 
 Returns the minimum of two values
 */
-fn min<T>(x: T, y: T) -> T { x < y ? x : y }
+fn min<copy T>(x: T, y: T) -> T { x < y ? x : y }
 
 /*
 Function: max
 
 Returns the maximum of two values
 */
-fn max<T>(x: T, y: T) -> T { x < y ? y : x }
+fn max<copy T>(x: T, y: T) -> T { x < y ? y : x }

src/lib/result.rs

@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ Example:
 > })
 
 */
-fn chain<T, U, V>(res: t<T, V>, op: block(T) -> t<U, V>) -> t<U, V> {
+fn chain<T, copy U, copy V>(res: t<T, V>, op: block(T) -> t<U, V>)
+    -> t<U, V> {
     alt res {
       ok(t) { op(t) }
       err(e) { err(e) }

src/lib/smallintmap.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Function: insert
 Add a value to the map. If the map already contains a value for
 the specified key then the original value is replaced.
 */
-fn insert<T>(m: smallintmap<T>, key: uint, val: T) {
+fn insert<copy T>(m: smallintmap<T>, key: uint, val: T) {
     vec::grow_set::<option::t<T>>(m.v, key, none::<T>, some::<T>(val));
 }
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Function: find
 Get the value for the specified key. If the key does not exist
 in the map then returns none.
 */
-fn find<T>(m: smallintmap<T>, key: uint) -> option::t<T> {
+fn find<copy T>(m: smallintmap<T>, key: uint) -> option::t<T> {
     if key < vec::len::<option::t<T>>(m.v) { ret m.v[key]; }
     ret none::<T>;
 }
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ Failure:
 
 If the key does not exist in the map
 */
-fn get<T>(m: smallintmap<T>, key: uint) -> T {
-    alt find::<T>(m, key) {
-      none::<T>. { log_err "smallintmap::get(): key not present"; fail; }
-      some::<T>(v) { ret v; }
+fn get<copy T>(m: smallintmap<T>, key: uint) -> T {
+    alt find(m, key) {
+      none. { log_err "smallintmap::get(): key not present"; fail; }
+      some(v) { ret v; }
     }
 }
 
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ Method: contains_key
 
 Returns true if the map contains a value for the specified key
 */
-fn contains_key<T>(m: smallintmap<T>, key: uint) -> bool {
+fn contains_key<copy T>(m: smallintmap<T>, key: uint) -> bool {
     ret !option::is_none(find::<T>(m, key));
 }
 
 // FIXME: Are these really useful?
 
-fn truncate<T>(m: smallintmap<T>, len: uint) {
+fn truncate<copy T>(m: smallintmap<T>, len: uint) {
     m.v = vec::slice_mut::<option::t<T>>(m.v, 0u, len);
 }
 

src/lib/sort.rs

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ Merge sort. Returns a new vector containing the sorted list.
 Has worst case O(n log n) performance, best case O(n), but
 is not space efficient. This is a stable sort.
 */
-fn merge_sort<T>(le: lteq<T>, v: [const T]) -> [T] {
-    fn merge<T>(le: lteq<T>, a: [T], b: [T]) -> [T] {
+fn merge_sort<copy T>(le: lteq<T>, v: [const T]) -> [T] {
+    fn merge<copy T>(le: lteq<T>, a: [T], b: [T]) -> [T] {
         let rs: [T] = [];
         let a_len: uint = len::<T>(a);
         let a_ix: uint = 0u;
@@ -46,30 +46,24 @@ fn merge_sort<T>(le: lteq<T>, v: [const T]) -> [T] {
     ret merge::<T>(le, merge_sort::<T>(le, a), merge_sort::<T>(le, b));
 }
 
-fn swap<T>(arr: [mutable T], x: uint, y: uint) {
-    let a = arr[x];
-    arr[x] = arr[y];
-    arr[y] = a;
-}
-
-fn part<T>(compare_func: lteq<T>, arr: [mutable T], left: uint, right: uint,
-            pivot: uint) -> uint {
+fn part<copy T>(compare_func: lteq<T>, arr: [mutable T], left: uint,
+                right: uint, pivot: uint) -> uint {
     let pivot_value = arr[pivot];
-    swap::<T>(arr, pivot, right);
+    arr[pivot] <-> arr[right];
     let storage_index: uint = left;
     let i: uint = left;
     while i < right {
-        if compare_func({ arr[i] }, pivot_value) {
-            swap::<T>(arr, i, storage_index);
+        if compare_func(copy arr[i], pivot_value) {
+            arr[i] <-> arr[storage_index];
             storage_index += 1u;
         }
         i += 1u;
     }
-    swap::<T>(arr, storage_index, right);
+    arr[storage_index] <-> arr[right];
     ret storage_index;
 }
 
-fn qsort<T>(compare_func: lteq<T>, arr: [mutable T], left: uint,
+fn qsort<copy T>(compare_func: lteq<T>, arr: [mutable T], left: uint,
              right: uint) {
     if right > left {
         let pivot = (left + right) / 2u;
@@ -90,13 +84,13 @@ Quicksort. Sorts a mutable vector in place.
 Has worst case O(n^2) performance, average case O(n log n).
 This is an unstable sort.
 */
-fn quick_sort<T>(compare_func: lteq<T>, arr: [mutable T]) {
+fn quick_sort<copy T>(compare_func: lteq<T>, arr: [mutable T]) {
     if len::<T>(arr) == 0u { ret; }
     qsort::<T>(compare_func, arr, 0u, len::<T>(arr) - 1u);
 }
 
-fn qsort3<T>(compare_func_lt: lteq<T>, compare_func_eq: lteq<T>,
-              arr: [mutable T], left: int, right: int) {
+fn qsort3<copy T>(compare_func_lt: lteq<T>, compare_func_eq: lteq<T>,
+                  arr: [mutable T], left: int, right: int) {
     if right <= left { ret; }
     let v: T = arr[right];
     let i: int = left - 1;
@@ -105,36 +99,36 @@ fn qsort3<T>(compare_func_lt: lteq<T>, compare_func_eq: lteq<T>,
     let q: int = j;
     while true {
         i += 1;
-        while compare_func_lt({ arr[i] }, v) { i += 1; }
+        while compare_func_lt(copy arr[i], v) { i += 1; }
         j -= 1;
-        while compare_func_lt(v, { arr[j] }) {
+        while compare_func_lt(v, copy arr[j]) {
             if j == left { break; }
             j -= 1;
         }
         if i >= j { break; }
-        swap::<T>(arr, i as uint, j as uint);
-        if compare_func_eq({ arr[i] }, v) {
+        arr[i] <-> arr[j];
+        if compare_func_eq(copy arr[i], v) {
             p += 1;
-            swap::<T>(arr, p as uint, i as uint);
+            arr[p] <-> arr[i];
         }
-        if compare_func_eq(v, { arr[j] }) {
+        if compare_func_eq(v, copy arr[j]) {
             q -= 1;
-            swap::<T>(arr, j as uint, q as uint);
+            arr[j] <-> arr[q];
         }
     }
-    swap::<T>(arr, i as uint, right as uint);
+    arr[i] <-> arr[right];
     j = i - 1;
     i += 1;
     let k: int = left;
     while k < p {
-        swap::<T>(arr, k as uint, j as uint);
+        arr[k] <-> arr[j];
         k += 1;
         j -= 1;
         if k == len::<T>(arr) as int { break; }
     }
     k = right - 1;
     while k > q {
-        swap::<T>(arr, i as uint, k as uint);
+        arr[i] <-> arr[k];
         k -= 1;
         i += 1;
         if k == 0 { break; }
@@ -156,8 +150,8 @@ According to these slides this is the algorithm of choice for
 
 This is an unstable sort.
 */
-fn quick_sort3<T>(compare_func_lt: lteq<T>, compare_func_eq: lteq<T>,
-                  arr: [mutable T]) {
+fn quick_sort3<copy T>(compare_func_lt: lteq<T>, compare_func_eq: lteq<T>,
+                       arr: [mutable T]) {
     if len::<T>(arr) == 0u { ret; }
     qsort3::<T>(compare_func_lt, compare_func_eq, arr, 0,
                 (len::<T>(arr) as int) - 1);

src/lib/task.rs

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ Returns:
 
 A handle to the new task
 */
-fn spawn<uniq T>(-data: T, f: fn(T)) -> task {
+fn spawn<send T>(-data: T, f: fn(T)) -> task {
     spawn_inner(data, f, none)
 }
 
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ termination
 Immediately before termination, either on success or failure, the spawned
 task will send a <task_notification> message on the provided channel.
 */
-fn spawn_notify<uniq T>(-data: T, f: fn(T),
+fn spawn_notify<send T>(-data: T, f: fn(T),
                          notify: comm::chan<task_notification>) -> task {
     spawn_inner(data, f, some(notify))
 }
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ This is a convenience wrapper around spawn_notify which, when paired
 with <join> can be easily used to spawn a task then wait for it to
 complete.
 */
-fn spawn_joinable<uniq T>(-data: T, f: fn(T)) -> joinable_task {
+fn spawn_joinable<send T>(-data: T, f: fn(T)) -> joinable_task {
     let p = comm::port::<task_notification>();
     let id = spawn_notify(data, f, comm::chan::<task_notification>(p));
     ret (id, p);
@@ -275,11 +275,11 @@ fn spawn_joinable<uniq T>(-data: T, f: fn(T)) -> joinable_task {
 //
 // After the transition this should all be rewritten.
 
-fn spawn_inner<uniq T>(-data: T, f: fn(T),
+fn spawn_inner<send T>(-data: T, f: fn(T),
                           notify: option<comm::chan<task_notification>>)
     -> task unsafe {
 
-    fn wrapper<uniq T>(-data: *u8, f: fn(T)) unsafe {
+    fn wrapper<send T>(-data: *u8, f: fn(T)) unsafe {
         let data: ~T = unsafe::reinterpret_cast(data);
         f(*data);
     }

src/lib/test.rs

@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ fn run_tests_console(opts: test_opts,
     run_tests_console_(opts, tests, default_test_to_task)
 }
 
-fn run_tests_console_<T>(opts: test_opts, tests: [test_desc<T>],
-                          to_task: test_to_task<T>) -> bool {
+fn run_tests_console_<copy T>(opts: test_opts, tests: [test_desc<T>],
+                              to_task: test_to_task<T>) -> bool {
 
     type test_state =
         @{out: io::writer,
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ fn run_tests_console_<T>(opts: test_opts, tests: [test_desc<T>],
           mutable ignored: uint,
           mutable failures: [test_desc<T>]};
 
-    fn callback<T>(event: testevent<T>, st: test_state) {
+    fn callback<copy T>(event: testevent<T>, st: test_state) {
         alt event {
           te_filtered(filtered_tests) {
             st.total = vec::len(filtered_tests);
@@ -214,9 +214,9 @@ tag testevent<T> {
     te_result(test_desc<T>, test_result);
 }
 
-fn run_tests<T>(opts: test_opts, tests: [test_desc<T>],
-                 to_task: test_to_task<T>,
-                 callback: fn@(testevent<T>)) {
+fn run_tests<copy T>(opts: test_opts, tests: [test_desc<T>],
+                     to_task: test_to_task<T>,
+                     callback: fn@(testevent<T>)) {
 
     let filtered_tests = filter_tests(opts, tests);
     callback(te_filtered(filtered_tests));
@@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ fn run_tests<T>(opts: test_opts, tests: [test_desc<T>],
 
 fn get_concurrency() -> uint { rustrt::sched_threads() }
 
-fn filter_tests<T>(opts: test_opts,
-                    tests: [test_desc<T>]) -> [test_desc<T>] {
+fn filter_tests<copy T>(opts: test_opts,
+                        tests: [test_desc<T>]) -> [test_desc<T>] {
     let filtered = tests;
 
     // Remove tests that don't match the test filter
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ fn filter_tests<T>(opts: test_opts,
           option::none. { "" }
         };
 
-        fn filter_fn<T>(test: test_desc<T>, filter_str: str) ->
+        fn filter_fn<copy T>(test: test_desc<T>, filter_str: str) ->
             option::t<test_desc<T>> {
             if str::find(test.name, filter_str) >= 0 {
                 ret option::some(test);
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ fn filter_tests<T>(opts: test_opts,
     filtered = if !opts.run_ignored {
         filtered
     } else {
-        fn filter<T>(test: test_desc<T>) -> option::t<test_desc<T>> {
+        fn filter<copy T>(test: test_desc<T>) -> option::t<test_desc<T>> {
             if test.ignore {
                 ret option::some({name: test.name,
                                   fn: test.fn,
@@ -304,8 +304,8 @@ fn filter_tests<T>(opts: test_opts,
 
 type test_future<T> = {test: test_desc<T>, wait: fn@() -> test_result};
 
-fn run_test<T>(test: test_desc<T>,
-                to_task: test_to_task<T>) -> test_future<T> {
+fn run_test<copy T>(test: test_desc<T>,
+                    to_task: test_to_task<T>) -> test_future<T> {
     if test.ignore {
         ret {test: test, wait: fn () -> test_result { tr_ignored }};
     }

src/lib/treemap.rs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Function: insert
 
 Insert a value into the map
 */
-fn insert<K, V>(m: treemap<K, V>, k: K, v: V) {
+fn insert<copy K, copy V>(m: treemap<K, V>, k: K, v: V) {
     alt m {
       @empty. { *m = node(@k, @v, @mutable empty, @mutable empty); }
       @node(@kk, _, _, _) {
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Function: find
 
 Find a value based on the key
 */
-fn find<K, V>(m: treemap<K, V>, k: K) -> option<V> {
+fn find<copy K, copy V>(m: treemap<K, V>, k: K) -> option<V> {
     alt *m {
       empty. { none }
       node(@kk, @v, _, _) {

src/lib/vec.rs

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Creates and initializes an immutable vector.
 Creates an immutable vector of size `n_elts` and initializes the elements
 to the value `t`.
 */
-fn init_elt<T>(t: T, n_elts: uint) -> [T] {
+fn init_elt<copy T>(t: T, n_elts: uint) -> [T] {
     let v = [];
     reserve(v, n_elts);
     let i: uint = 0u;
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ Creates and initializes a mutable vector.
 Creates a mutable vector of size `n_elts` and initializes the elements
 to the value `t`.
 */
-fn init_elt_mut<T>(t: T, n_elts: uint) -> [mutable T] {
+fn init_elt_mut<copy T>(t: T, n_elts: uint) -> [mutable T] {
     let v = [mutable];
     reserve(v, n_elts);
     let i: uint = 0u;
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Function: to_mut
 
 Produces a mutable vector from an immutable vector.
 */
-fn to_mut<T>(v: [T]) -> [mutable T] {
+fn to_mut<copy T>(v: [T]) -> [mutable T] {
     let vres = [mutable];
     for t: T in v { vres += [mutable t]; }
     ret vres;
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ Function: from_mut
 
 Produces an immutable vector from a mutable vector.
 */
-fn from_mut<T>(v: [mutable T]) -> [T] {
+fn from_mut<copy T>(v: [mutable T]) -> [T] {
     let vres = [];
     for t: T in v { vres += [t]; }
     ret vres;
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ Returns the first element of a vector
 Predicates:
 <is_not_empty> (v)
 */
-fn head<T>(v: [const T]) : is_not_empty(v) -> T { ret v[0]; }
+fn head<copy T>(v: [const T]) : is_not_empty(v) -> T { ret v[0]; }
 
 /*
 Function: tail
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Returns all but the first element of a vector
 Predicates:
 <is_not_empty> (v)
 */
-fn tail<T>(v: [const T]) : is_not_empty(v) -> [T] {
+fn tail<copy T>(v: [const T]) : is_not_empty(v) -> [T] {
     ret slice(v, 1u, len(v));
 }
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Returns all but the last elemnt of a vector
 Preconditions:
 `v` is not empty
 */
-fn init<T>(v: [const T]) -> [T] {
+fn init<copy T>(v: [const T]) -> [T] {
     assert len(v) != 0u;
     slice(v, 0u, len(v) - 1u)
 }
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ Returns:
 An option containing the last element of `v` if `v` is not empty, or
 none if `v` is empty.
 */
-fn last<T>(v: [const T]) -> option::t<T> {
+fn last<copy T>(v: [const T]) -> option::t<T> {
     if len(v) == 0u { ret none; }
     ret some(v[len(v) - 1u]);
 }
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ Returns the last element of a non-empty vector `v`
 Predicates:
 <is_not_empty> (v)
 */
-fn last_total<T>(v: [const T]) : is_not_empty(v) -> T {
+fn last_total<copy T>(v: [const T]) : is_not_empty(v) -> T {
     ret v[len(v) - 1u];
 }
 
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ Function: slice
 
 Returns a copy of the elements from [`start`..`end`) from `v`.
 */
-fn slice<T>(v: [const T], start: uint, end: uint) -> [T] {
+fn slice<copy T>(v: [const T], start: uint, end: uint) -> [T] {
     assert (start <= end);
     assert (end <= len(v));
     let result = [];
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ Function: slice_mut
 
 Returns a copy of the elements from [`start`..`end`) from `v`.
 */
-fn slice_mut<T>(v: [const T], start: uint, end: uint) -> [mutable T] {
+fn slice_mut<copy T>(v: [const T], start: uint, end: uint) -> [mutable T] {
     assert (start <= end);
     assert (end <= len(v));
     let result = [mutable];
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ Function: shift
 
 Removes the first element from a vector and return it
 */
-fn shift<T>(&v: [const T]) -> T {
+fn shift<copy T>(&v: [const T]) -> T {
     let ln = len::<T>(v);
     assert (ln > 0u);
     let e = v[0];
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ Function: pop
 
 Remove the last element from a vector and return it
 */
-fn pop<T>(&v: [const T]) -> T {
+fn pop<copy T>(&v: [const T]) -> T {
     let ln = len(v);
     assert (ln > 0u);
     ln -= 1u;
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ v - The vector to grow
 n - The number of elements to add
 initval - The value for the new elements
 */
-fn grow<T>(&v: [T], n: uint, initval: T) {
+fn grow<copy T>(&v: [T], n: uint, initval: T) {
     reserve(v, next_power_of_two(len(v) + n));
     let i: uint = 0u;
     while i < n { v += [initval]; i += 1u; }
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ v - The vector to grow
 n - The number of elements to add
 initval - The value for the new elements
 */
-fn grow_mut<T>(&v: [mutable T], n: uint, initval: T) {
+fn grow_mut<copy T>(&v: [mutable T], n: uint, initval: T) {
     reserve(v, next_power_of_two(len(v) + n));
     let i: uint = 0u;
     while i < n { v += [mutable initval]; i += 1u; }
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ Sets the element at position `index` to `val`. If `index` is past the end
 of the vector, expands the vector by replicating `initval` to fill the
 intervening space.
 */
-fn grow_set<T>(&v: [mutable T], index: uint, initval: T, val: T) {
+fn grow_set<copy T>(&v: [mutable T], index: uint, initval: T, val: T) {
     if index >= len(v) { grow_mut(v, index - len(v) + 1u, initval); }
     v[index] = val;
 }
@@ -384,12 +384,12 @@ Function: map
 
 Apply a function to each element of a vector and return the results
 */
-fn map<T, U>(f: block(T) -> U, v: [const T]) -> [U] {
+fn map<copy T, U>(f: block(T) -> U, v: [const T]) -> [U] {
     let result = [];
     reserve(result, len(v));
     for elem: T in v {
-        let elem2 = elem; // satisfies alias checker
-        result += [f(elem2)];
+        // copy satisfies alias checker
+        result += [f(copy elem)];
     }
     ret result;
 }
@@ -399,12 +399,12 @@ Function: map2
 
 Apply a function to each pair of elements and return the results
 */
-fn map2<T, U, V>(f: block(T, U) -> V, v0: [T], v1: [U]) -> [V] {
-    let v0_len = len::<T>(v0);
-    if v0_len != len::<U>(v1) { fail; }
+fn map2<copy T, copy U, V>(f: block(T, U) -> V, v0: [T], v1: [U]) -> [V] {
+    let v0_len = len(v0);
+    if v0_len != len(v1) { fail; }
     let u: [V] = [];
     let i = 0u;
-    while i < v0_len { u += [f({ v0[i] }, { v1[i] })]; i += 1u; }
+    while i < v0_len { u += [f(copy v0[i], copy v1[i])]; i += 1u; }
     ret u;
 }
 
@@ -416,11 +416,11 @@ Apply a function to each element of a vector and return the results
 If function `f` returns `none` then that element is excluded from
 the resulting vector.
 */
-fn filter_map<T, U>(f: block(T) -> option::t<U>, v: [const T]) -> [U] {
+fn filter_map<copy T, copy U>(f: block(T) -> option::t<U>, v: [const T])
+    -> [U] {
     let result = [];
     for elem: T in v {
-        let elem2 = elem; // satisfies alias checker
-        alt f(elem2) {
+        alt f(copy elem) {
           none. {/* no-op */ }
           some(result_elem) { result += [result_elem]; }
         }
@@ -437,13 +437,10 @@ holds.
 Apply function `f` to each element of `v` and return a vector containing
 only those elements for which `f` returned true.
 */
-fn filter<T>(f: block(T) -> bool, v: [const T]) -> [T] {
+fn filter<copy T>(f: block(T) -> bool, v: [T]) -> [T] {
     let result = [];
     for elem: T in v {
-        let elem2 = elem; // satisfies alias checker
-        if f(elem2) {
-            result += [elem2];
-        }
+        if f(elem) { result += [elem]; }
     }
     ret result;
 }
@@ -454,8 +451,7 @@ Function: concat
 Concatenate a vector of vectors. Flattens a vector of vectors of T into
 a single vector of T.
 */
-fn concat<T>(v: [const [const T]]) -> [T] {
-    // FIXME: So much copying
+fn concat<copy T>(v: [const [const T]]) -> [T] {
     let new: [T] = [];
     for inner: [T] in v { new += inner; }
     ret new;
@@ -466,7 +462,7 @@ Function: foldl
 
 Reduce a vector from left to right
 */
-fn foldl<T, U>(p: block(T, U) -> T, z: T, v: [const U]) -> T {
+fn foldl<copy T, U>(p: block(T, U) -> T, z: T, v: [const U]) -> T {
     let accum = z;
     iter(v) { |elt|
         accum = p(accum, elt);
@@ -479,7 +475,7 @@ Function: foldr
 
 Reduce a vector from right to left
 */
-fn foldr<T, U>(p: block(T, U) -> U, z: U, v: [const T]) -> U {
+fn foldr<T, copy U>(p: block(T, U) -> U, z: U, v: [const T]) -> U {
     let accum = z;
     riter(v) { |elt|
         accum = p(elt, accum);
@@ -541,7 +537,7 @@ Apply function `f` to each element of `v`, starting from the first.
 When function `f` returns true then an option containing the element
 is returned. If `f` matches no elements then none is returned.
 */
-fn find<T>(f: block(T) -> bool, v: [T]) -> option::t<T> {
+fn find<copy T>(f: block(T) -> bool, v: [T]) -> option::t<T> {
     for elt: T in v { if f(elt) { ret some(elt); } }
     ret none;
 }
@@ -587,7 +583,7 @@ vector contains the first element of the i-th tuple of the input vector,
 and the i-th element of the second vector contains the second element
 of the i-th tuple of the input vector.
 */
-fn unzip<T, U>(v: [(T, U)]) -> ([T], [U]) {
+fn unzip<copy T, copy U>(v: [(T, U)]) -> ([T], [U]) {
     let as = [], bs = [];
     for (a, b) in v { as += [a]; bs += [b]; }
     ret (as, bs);
@@ -605,7 +601,7 @@ Preconditions:
 
 <same_length> (v, u)
 */
-fn zip<T, U>(v: [T], u: [U]) : same_length(v, u) -> [(T, U)] {
+fn zip<copy T, copy U>(v: [T], u: [U]) : same_length(v, u) -> [(T, U)] {
     let zipped = [];
     let sz = len(v), i = 0u;
     assert (sz == len(u));
@@ -624,9 +620,7 @@ a - The index of the first element
 b - The index of the second element
 */
 fn swap<T>(v: [mutable T], a: uint, b: uint) {
-    let t: T = v[a];
-    v[a] = v[b];
-    v[b] = t;
+    v[a] <-> v[b];
 }
 
 /*
@@ -637,7 +631,7 @@ Reverse the order of elements in a vector, in place
 fn reverse<T>(v: [mutable T]) {
     let i: uint = 0u;
     let ln = len::<T>(v);
-    while i < ln / 2u { swap(v, i, ln - i - 1u); i += 1u; }
+    while i < ln / 2u { v[i] <-> v[ln - i - 1u]; i += 1u; }
 }
 
 
@@ -646,7 +640,7 @@ Function: reversed
 
 Returns a vector with the order of elements reversed
 */
-fn reversed<T>(v: [const T]) -> [T] {
+fn reversed<copy T>(v: [const T]) -> [T] {
     let rs: [T] = [];
     let i = len::<T>(v);
     if i == 0u { ret rs; } else { i -= 1u; }
@@ -746,7 +740,7 @@ is sorted then the permutations are lexicographically sorted).
 The total number of permutations produced is `len(v)!`.  If `v` contains
 repeated elements, then some permutations are repeated.
 */
-fn permute<T>(v: [const T], put: block([T])) {
+fn permute<copy T>(v: [const T], put: block([T])) {
   let ln = len(v);
   if ln == 0u {
     put([]);

src/test/bench/task-perf-word-count-generic.rs

@@ -55,25 +55,25 @@ mod map_reduce {
     export reducer;
     export map_reduce;
 
-    type putter<uniq K, uniq V> = fn(K, V);
+    type putter<send K, send V> = fn(K, V);
 
     // FIXME: the first K1 parameter should probably be a -, but that
     // doesn't parse at the moment.
-    type mapper<uniq K1, uniq K2, uniq V> = fn(K1, putter<K2, V>);
+    type mapper<send K1, send K2, send V> = fn(K1, putter<K2, V>);
 
-    type getter<uniq V> = fn() -> option<V>;
+    type getter<send V> = fn() -> option<V>;
 
-    type reducer<uniq K, uniq V> = fn(K, getter<V>);
+    type reducer<send K, send V> = fn(K, getter<V>);
 
-    tag ctrl_proto<uniq K, uniq V> {
+    tag ctrl_proto<send K, send V> {
         find_reducer(K, chan<chan<reduce_proto<V>>>);
         mapper_done;
     }
 
-    tag reduce_proto<uniq V> { emit_val(V); done; ref; release; }
+    tag reduce_proto<send V> { emit_val(V); done; ref; release; }
 
-    fn start_mappers<uniq K1, uniq K2,
-                     uniq V>(map: mapper<K1, K2, V>,
+    fn start_mappers<send K1, send K2,
+                     send V>(map: mapper<K1, K2, V>,
                          ctrl: chan<ctrl_proto<K2, V>>, inputs: [K1]) ->
        [joinable_task] {
         let tasks = [];
@@ -84,15 +84,15 @@ mod map_reduce {
         ret tasks;
     }
 
-    fn map_task<uniq K1, uniq K2,
-                uniq V>(-map: mapper<K1, K2, V>,
+    fn map_task<send K1, send K2,
+                send V>(-map: mapper<K1, K2, V>,
                           -ctrl: chan<ctrl_proto<K2, V>>,
                     -input: K1) {
         // log_err "map_task " + input;
         let intermediates = treemap::init();
 
-        fn emit<uniq K2,
-                uniq V>(im: treemap::treemap<K2, chan<reduce_proto<V>>>,
+        fn emit<send K2,
+                send V>(im: treemap::treemap<K2, chan<reduce_proto<V>>>,
                     ctrl: chan<ctrl_proto<K2, V>>, key: K2, val: V) {
             let c;
             alt treemap::find(im, key) {
@@ -110,15 +110,15 @@ mod map_reduce {
 
         map(input, bind emit(intermediates, ctrl, _, _));
 
-        fn finish<uniq K, uniq V>(_k: K, v: chan<reduce_proto<V>>) {
+        fn finish<send K, send V>(_k: K, v: chan<reduce_proto<V>>) {
             send(v, release);
         }
         treemap::traverse(intermediates, finish);
         send(ctrl, mapper_done);
     }
 
-    fn reduce_task<uniq K,
-                   uniq V>(-reduce: reducer<K, V>, -key: K,
+    fn reduce_task<send K,
+                   send V>(-reduce: reducer<K, V>, -key: K,
                        -out: chan<chan<reduce_proto<V>>>) {
         let p = port();
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ mod map_reduce {
         let ref_count = 0;
         let is_done = false;
 
-        fn get<uniq V>(p: port<reduce_proto<V>>,
+        fn get<send V>(p: port<reduce_proto<V>>,
                          &ref_count: int, &is_done: bool)
            -> option<V> {
             while !is_done || ref_count > 0 {
@@ -150,8 +150,8 @@ mod map_reduce {
         reduce(key, bind get(p, ref_count, is_done));
     }
 
-    fn map_reduce<uniq K1, uniq K2,
-                  uniq V>(map: mapper<K1, K2, V>, reduce: reducer<K2, V>,
+    fn map_reduce<send K1, send K2,
+                  send V>(map: mapper<K1, K2, V>, reduce: reducer<K2, V>,
                       inputs: [K1]) {
         let ctrl = port();
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ mod map_reduce {
             }
         }
 
-        fn finish<uniq K, uniq V>(_k: K, v: chan<reduce_proto<V>>) {
+        fn finish<send K, send V>(_k: K, v: chan<reduce_proto<V>>) {
             send(v, done);
         }
         treemap::traverse(reducers, finish);

src/test/compile-fail/block-copy.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-// error-pattern: needed shared type, got pinned type block
-// xfail-test
+// error-pattern: copying a noncopyable value
 
 fn lol(f: block()) -> block() { ret f; }
 fn main() { let i = 8; let f = lol(block () { log_err i; }); f(); }

src/test/compile-fail/copy-a-resource.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-// error-pattern:cannot copy pinned type foo
-// xfail-test
+// error-pattern: copying a noncopyable value
 
 resource foo(i: int) { }
 
-fn main() { let x <- foo(10); let y = x; }
+fn main() { let x <- foo(10); let y = x; log_err x; }

src/test/compile-fail/copy-res-into-box.rs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// error-pattern:mismatched kinds for '@' operand
-// xfail-test
-resource r(i: @mutable int) {
-    *i = *i + 1;
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let i = @mutable 0;
-    {
-        let j <- r(i);
-        // No no no no no
-        let k <- @j;
-    }
-    log_err *i;
-    assert *i == 2;
-}

src/test/compile-fail/copy-res-into-rec.rs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// error-pattern:mismatched kinds for record field
-// xfail-test
-resource r(i: @mutable int) {
-    *i = *i + 1;
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let i = @mutable 0;
-    {
-        let j <- r(i);
-        // No no no no no
-        let k <- {x: j};
-    }
-    log_err *i;
-    assert *i == 2;
-}

src/test/compile-fail/copy-res-into-tup.rs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// error-pattern:mismatched kinds for tuple parameter
-// xfail-test
-resource r(i: @mutable int) {
-    *i = *i + 1;
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let i = @mutable 0;
-    {
-        let j <- r(i);
-        // No no no no no
-        let k <- (j, 0);
-    }
-    log_err *i;
-    assert *i == 2;
-}

src/test/compile-fail/copy-res-into-unique.rs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// error-pattern:mismatched kinds for '~' operand
-// xfail-test
-resource r(i: @mutable int) {
-    *i = *i + 1;
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let i = @mutable 0;
-    {
-        let j <- r(i);
-        // No no no no no
-        let k <- ~j;
-    }
-    log_err *i;
-    assert *i == 2;
-}

src/test/compile-fail/fn-compare-mismatch.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// error-pattern:expected fn() but found fn(+int)
+// error-pattern:expected fn() but found fn(++int)
 
 fn main() {
     fn f() { }

src/test/compile-fail/param-by-value.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 // error-pattern:can not pass a dynamically-sized type by value
 
-fn f<T>(+_x: T) {}
+fn f<T>(++_x: T) {}
 fn main() {}

src/test/compile-fail/pinned-deep-copy.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-// error-pattern: cannot copy pinned type ~~~{y: r}
-// xfail-test
+// error-pattern: copying a noncopyable value
 
 resource r(i: @mutable int) {
     *i = *i + 1;
@@ -11,6 +10,7 @@ fn main() {
         // Can't do this copy
         let x = ~~~{y: r(i)};
         let z = x;
+        log x;
     }
     log_err *i;
 }

src/test/compile-fail/resource-let2.rs

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-// error-pattern: mismatched kind
-// xfail-test
-
-resource r(b: bool) {
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let i <- r(true);
-    let j = i;
-}

src/test/compile-fail/unique-pinned-nocopy.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-// error-pattern: mismatched kind
-// xfail-test
+// error-pattern: copying a noncopyable value
 
 resource r(b: bool) {
 }
 
 fn main() {
     let i <- ~r(true);
-    let j;
-    j = i;
+    let j = i;
+    log i;
 }

src/test/compile-fail/unique-swap2.rs

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-// error-pattern:needed shared type, got pinned type ~r
-// xfail-test
-
-resource r(i: @mutable int) {
-    *i += 1;
-}
-
-fn test1() {
-    let i = @mutable 100;
-    let j = @mutable 200;
-    {
-        let x <- ~r(i);
-        let y <- ~r(j);
-        // This is currently not allowed because ~resource is pinned.
-        // Note that ~resource is supposed to be shared.
-        x <-> y;
-        assert ***x == 200;
-        assert ***y == 100;
-    }
-    assert *i == 101;
-    assert *j == 201;
-}
-
-fn test2() {
-    let i = @mutable 0;
-    {
-        let x <- ~r(i);
-        let y <- ~r(i);
-        x <-> y;
-    }
-    assert *i == 2;
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    test1();
-    test2();
-}

src/test/compile-fail/unique-unique-kind.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-// error-pattern: needed unique type
-// xfail-test
+// error-pattern: instantiating a sendable type parameter with a copyable type
 
-fn f<uniq T>(i: T) {
+fn f<send T>(i: T) {
 }
 
 fn main() {

src/test/compile-fail/unique-vec-res.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-// error-pattern: needed shared type, got pinned type ~r
-// xfail-test
+// error-pattern: copying a noncopyable value
 
 resource r(i: @mutable int) {
     *i = *i + 1;
 }
 
-fn f<T>(i: [T], j: [T]) {
-    // Shouldn't be able to do this copy of j
+fn f<T>(+i: [T], +j: [T]) {
     let k = i + j;
 }
 
@@ -16,6 +14,6 @@ fn main() {
     let r1 <- [~r(i1)];
     let r2 <- [~r(i2)];
     f(r1, r2);
-    log_err *i1;
-    log_err *i2;
+    log (r2, *i1);
+    log (r1, *i2);
 }

src/test/compile-fail/use-after-send.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // error-pattern: Unsatisfied precondition constraint
-fn send<uniq T>(ch: _chan<T>, -data: T) { log ch; log data; fail; }
+fn send<send T>(ch: _chan<T>, -data: T) { log ch; log data; fail; }
 type _chan<T> = int;
 
 // Tests that "log message;" is flagged as using

src/test/compile-fail/vec-pinned-nocopy-2.rs

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-// error-pattern: mismatched kind
-// xfail-test
-
-resource r(b: bool) {
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let i <- [r(true)];
-    i += [r(true)];
-}

src/test/compile-fail/vec-pinned-nocopy-3.rs

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-// error-pattern: mismatched kind
-// xfail-test
-
-resource r(b: bool) {
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let i <- [r(true)];
-    let j;
-    j <- copy [r(true)];
-}

src/test/compile-fail/vec-pinned-nocopy.rs

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-// error-pattern: mismatched kind
-// xfail-test
-
-resource r(b: bool) {
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let i <- [r(true)];
-    let j;
-    j = i;
-}

src/test/compile-fail/vec-res-add.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-// error-pattern:mismatched kinds
-// xfail-test
+// error-pattern: copying a noncopyable value
 
-resource r(i: int) {
-}
+resource r(_i: int) { }
 
 fn main() {
     // This can't make sense as it would copy the resources
     let i <- [r(0)];
     let j <- [r(1)];
     let k = i + j;
-}
+    log j;
+}

src/test/run-fail/bug-811.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ fn test00_start(ch: chan_t<int>, message: int) { send(ch, copy message); }
 type task_id = int;
 type port_id = int;
 
-type chan_t<uniq T> = {task: task_id, port: port_id};
+type chan_t<send T> = {task: task_id, port: port_id};
 
-fn send<uniq T>(ch: chan_t<T>, -data: T) { fail; }
+fn send<send T>(ch: chan_t<T>, -data: T) { fail; }
 
 fn main() { fail "quux"; }

src/test/run-fail/port-type.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import std::comm::port;
 import std::comm::send;
 import std::comm::recv;
 
-fn echo<uniq T>(c: chan<T>, oc: chan<chan<T>>) {
+fn echo<send T>(c: chan<T>, oc: chan<chan<T>>) {
     // Tests that the type argument in port gets
     // visited
     let p = port::<T>();

src/test/run-pass/auto-instantiate.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 
 
 // -*- rust -*-
-fn f<T, U>(x: T, y: U) -> {a: T, b: U} { ret {a: x, b: y}; }
+fn f<copy T, copy U>(x: T, y: U) -> {a: T, b: U} { ret {a: x, b: y}; }
 
 fn main() { log f({x: 3, y: 4, z: 5}, 4).a.x; log f(5, 6).a; }

src/test/run-pass/bind-generic.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-fn wrapper3<T>(i: T, j: int) {
+fn wrapper3<copy T>(i: T, j: int) {
     log i;
     log j;
     // This is a regression test that the spawn3 thunk to wrapper3
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ fn wrapper3<T>(i: T, j: int) {
     assert j == 123456789;
 }
 
-fn spawn3<T>(i: T, j: int) {
+fn spawn3<copy T>(i: T, j: int) {
     let wrapped = bind wrapper3(i, j);
     wrapped();
 }

src/test/run-pass/box-unbox.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 
 
-type box<T> = {c: @T};
+type box<copy T> = {c: @T};
 
-fn unbox<T>(b: box<T>) -> T { ret *b.c; }
+fn unbox<copy T>(b: box<T>) -> T { ret *b.c; }
 
 fn main() {
     let foo: int = 17;

src/test/run-pass/expr-block-generic-box2.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // -*- rust -*-
 type compare<T> = fn@(T, T) -> bool;
 
-fn test_generic<T>(expected: T, eq: compare<T>) {
+fn test_generic<copy T>(expected: T, eq: compare<T>) {
     let actual: T = { expected };
     assert (eq(expected, actual));
 }

src/test/run-pass/expr-block-generic-unique1.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 // -*- rust -*-
 type compare<T> = fn@(~T, ~T) -> bool;
 
-fn test_generic<T>(expected: ~T, eq: compare<T>) {
+fn test_generic<copy T>(expected: ~T, eq: compare<T>) {
     let actual: ~T = { expected };
     assert (eq(expected, actual));
 }

src/test/run-pass/expr-block-generic-unique2.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // -*- rust -*-
 type compare<T> = fn@(T, T) -> bool;
 
-fn test_generic<T>(expected: T, eq: compare<T>) {
+fn test_generic<copy T>(expected: T, eq: compare<T>) {
     let actual: T = { expected };
     assert (eq(expected, actual));
 }

src/test/run-pass/expr-block-generic.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 // Tests for standalone blocks as expressions with dynamic type sizes
 type compare<T> = fn@(T, T) -> bool;
 
-fn test_generic<T>(expected: T, eq: compare<T>) {
+fn test_generic<copy T>(expected: T, eq: compare<T>) {
     let actual: T = { expected };
     assert (eq(expected, actual));
 }

src/test/run-pass/expr-if-generic-box2.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // -*- rust -*-
 type compare<T> = fn@(T, T) -> bool;
 
-fn test_generic<T>(expected: T, not_expected: T, eq: compare<T>) {
+fn test_generic<copy T>(expected: T, not_expected: T, eq: compare<T>) {
     let actual: T = if true { expected } else { not_expected };
     assert (eq(expected, actual));
 }

src/test/run-pass/expr-if-generic.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 // Tests for if as expressions with dynamic type sizes
 type compare<T> = fn@(T, T) -> bool;
 
-fn test_generic<T>(expected: T, not_expected: T, eq: compare<T>) {
+fn test_generic<copy T>(expected: T, not_expected: T, eq: compare<T>) {
     let actual: T = if true { expected } else { not_expected };
     assert (eq(expected, actual));
 }

src/test/run-pass/fixed-point-bind-unique.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-fn fix_help<A, uniq B>(f: fn(fn@(A) -> B, A) -> B, x: A) -> B {
+fn fix_help<A, send B>(f: fn(fn@(A) -> B, A) -> B, x: A) -> B {
     ret f(bind fix_help(f, _), x);
 }
 
-fn fix<A, uniq B>(f: fn(fn@(A) -> B, A) -> B) -> fn@(A) -> B {
+fn fix<A, send B>(f: fn(fn@(A) -> B, A) -> B) -> fn@(A) -> B {
     ret bind fix_help(f, _);
 }
 

src/test/run-pass/fn-bare-spawn.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // This is what the signature to spawn should look like with bare functions
 
-fn spawn<uniq T>(val: T, f: fn(T)) {
+fn spawn<send T>(val: T, f: fn(T)) {
     f(val);
 }
 

src/test/run-pass/foreach-unique-drop.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-obj ob<shar K>(k: K) {
+obj ob<copy K>(k: K) {
     fn foo(it: block(~{a: K})) { it(~{a: k}); }
 }
 

src/test/run-pass/generic-alias-box.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 
-fn id<T>(t: T) -> T { ret t; }
+fn id<copy T>(t: T) -> T { ret t; }
 
 fn main() {
     let expected = @100;

src/test/run-pass/generic-alias-unique.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 
-fn id<uniq T>(t: T) -> T { ret t; }
+fn id<send T>(t: T) -> T { ret t; }
 
 fn main() {
     let expected = ~100;

src/test/run-pass/generic-bind-2.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 
-fn id<T>(t: T) -> T { ret t; }
+fn id<copy T>(t: T) -> T { ret t; }
 
 fn main() {
     let t = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4, e: 5, f: 6, g: 7};

src/test/run-pass/generic-bind.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 
-fn id<T>(t: T) -> T { ret t; }
+fn id<copy T>(t: T) -> T { ret t; }
 
 fn main() {
     let t = {_0: 1, _1: 2, _2: 3, _3: 4, _4: 5, _5: 6, _6: 7};

src/test/run-pass/generic-box.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 
-fn box<T>(x: {x: T, y: T, z: T}) -> @{x: T, y: T, z: T} { ret @x; }
+fn box<copy T>(x: {x: T, y: T, z: T}) -> @{x: T, y: T, z: T} { ret @x; }
 
 fn main() {
     let x: @{x: int, y: int, z: int} = box::<int>({x: 1, y: 2, z: 3});

src/test/run-pass/generic-derived-type.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 
 
-fn g<X>(x: X) -> X { ret x; }
+fn g<copy X>(x: X) -> X { ret x; }
 
-fn f<T>(t: T) -> {a: T, b: T} {
+fn f<copy T>(t: T) -> {a: T, b: T} {
     type pair = {a: T, b: T};
 
     let x: pair = {a: t, b: t};

src/test/run-pass/generic-drop-glue.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
 
-fn f<T>(t: T) { let t1: T = t; }
+fn f<copy T>(t: T) { let t1: T = t; }
 
 fn main() { let x = {x: @10, y: @12}; f(x); }

src/test/run-pass/generic-exterior-box.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 
 
-type recbox<T> = {x: @T};
+type recbox<copy T> = {x: @T};
 
-fn reclift<T>(t: T) -> recbox<T> { ret {x: @t}; }
+fn reclift<copy T>(t: T) -> recbox<T> { ret {x: @t}; }
 
 fn main() {
     let foo: int = 17;

src/test/run-pass/generic-exterior-unique.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-type recbox<T> = {x: ~T};
+type recbox<copy T> = {x: ~T};
 
-fn reclift<T>(t: T) -> recbox<T> { ret {x: ~t}; }
+fn reclift<copy T>(t: T) -> recbox<T> { ret {x: ~t}; }
 
 fn main() {
     let foo: int = 17;

src/test/run-pass/generic-fn-infer.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@
 // -*- rust -*-
 
 // Issue #45: infer type parameters in function applications
-fn id<T>(x: T) -> T { ret x; }
+fn id<copy T>(x: T) -> T { ret x; }
 
 fn main() { let x: int = 42; let y: int = id(x); assert (x == y); }

src/test/run-pass/generic-fn-unique.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 
-fn f<T>(x: ~T) -> ~T { ret x; }
+fn f<copy T>(x: ~T) -> ~T { ret x; }
 
 fn main() { let x = f(~3); log *x; }

src/test/run-pass/generic-fn.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
 // -*- rust -*-
-fn id<T>(x: T) -> T { ret x; }
+fn id<copy T>(x: T) -> T { ret x; }
 
 type triple = {x: int, y: int, z: int};
 

src/test/run-pass/generic-obj-with-derived-type.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 
-obj handle<shar T>(data: T) {
+obj handle<copy T>(data: T) {
     fn get() -> T { ret data; }
 }
 

src/test/run-pass/generic-obj.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 
-obj buf<shar T>(data: {_0: T, _1: T, _2: T}) {
+obj buf<copy T>(data: {_0: T, _1: T, _2: T}) {
     fn get(i: int) -> T {
         if i == 0 {
             ret data._0;

src/test/run-pass/generic-tup.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-fn get_third<T>(t: (T, T, T)) -> T { let (_, _, x) = t; ret x; }
+fn get_third<copy T>(t: (T, T, T)) -> T { let (_, _, x) = t; ret x; }
 
 fn main() {
     log get_third((1, 2, 3));

src/test/run-pass/generic-unique.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-fn box<T>(x: {x: T, y: T, z: T}) -> ~{x: T, y: T, z: T} { ret ~x; }
+fn box<copy T>(x: {x: T, y: T, z: T}) -> ~{x: T, y: T, z: T} { ret ~x; }
 
 fn main() {
     let x: ~{x: int, y: int, z: int} = box::<int>({x: 1, y: 2, z: 3});

src/test/run-pass/issue-333.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-fn quux<T>(x: T) -> T { let f = bind id::<T>(_); ret f(x); }
+fn quux<copy T>(x: T) -> T { let f = bind id::<T>(_); ret f(x); }
 
-fn id<T>(x: T) -> T { ret x; }
+fn id<copy T>(x: T) -> T { ret x; }
 
 fn main() { assert (quux(10) == 10); }

src/test/run-pass/ivec-add.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-fn double<T>(a: T) -> [T] { ret [a] + [a]; }
+fn double<copy T>(a: T) -> [T] { ret [a] + [a]; }
 
 fn double_int(a: int) -> [int] { ret [a] + [a]; }
 

src/test/run-pass/newtype-polymorphic.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 tag myvec<X> = [X];
 
-fn myvec_deref<X>(mv: myvec<X>) -> [X] { ret *mv; }
+fn myvec_deref<copy X>(mv: myvec<X>) -> [X] { ret *mv; }
 
-fn myvec_elt<X>(mv: myvec<X>) -> X { ret mv[0]; }
+fn myvec_elt<copy X>(mv: myvec<X>) -> X { ret mv[0]; }
 
 fn main() {
     let mv = myvec([1, 2, 3]);

src/test/run-pass/non-boolean-pure-fns.rs

@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ use std;
 
 import std::list::*;
 
-pure fn pure_length_go<T>(ls: list<T>, acc: uint) -> uint {
+pure fn pure_length_go<copy T>(ls: list<T>, acc: uint) -> uint {
     alt ls { nil. { acc } cons(_, tl) { pure_length_go(*tl, acc + 1u) } }
 }
 
-pure fn pure_length<T>(ls: list<T>) -> uint { pure_length_go(ls, 0u) }
+pure fn pure_length<copy T>(ls: list<T>) -> uint { pure_length_go(ls, 0u) }
 
-pure fn nonempty_list<T>(ls: list<T>) -> bool { pure_length(ls) > 0u }
+pure fn nonempty_list<copy T>(ls: list<T>) -> bool { pure_length(ls) > 0u }
 
 // Of course, the compiler can't take advantage of the
 // knowledge that ls is a cons node. Future work.
 // Also, this is pretty contrived since nonempty_list
 // could be a "tag refinement", if we implement those.
-fn safe_head<T>(ls: list<T>) : nonempty_list(ls) -> T { head(ls) }
+fn safe_head<copy T>(ls: list<T>) : nonempty_list(ls) -> T { head(ls) }
 
 fn main() {
     let mylist = cons(@1u, @nil);

src/test/run-pass/obj-return-polytypes.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tag clam<T> { signed(int); unsigned(uint); }
 
 fn getclam<T>() -> clam<T> { ret signed::<T>(42); }
 
-obj impatience<shar T>() {
+obj impatience<copy T>() {
     fn moreclam() -> clam<T> { be getclam::<T>(); }
 }
 

src/test/run-pass/resource-in-struct.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ type closable = @mutable bool;
 
 resource close_res(i: closable) { *i = false; }
 
-tag option<pin T> { none; some(T); }
+tag option<T> { none; some(T); }
 
 fn sink(res: option<close_res>) { }
 

src/test/run-pass/ret-none.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 
 tag option<T> { none; some(T); }
 
-fn f<T>() -> option<T> { ret none; }
+fn f<copy T>() -> option<T> { ret none; }
 
 fn main() { f::<int>(); }

src/test/run-pass/send-type-inference.rs

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import std::comm::send;
 import std::comm::port;
 
 // tests that ctrl's type gets inferred properly
-type command<uniq K, uniq V> = {key: K, val: V};
+type command<send K, send V> = {key: K, val: V};
 
-fn cache_server<uniq K, uniq V>(c: chan<chan<command<K, V>>>) {
+fn cache_server<send K, send V>(c: chan<chan<command<K, V>>>) {
     let ctrl = port();
     send(c, chan(ctrl));
 }

src/test/run-pass/type-param-constraints.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-fn p_foo<pin T>(pinned: T) { }
-fn s_foo<T>(shared: T) { }
-fn u_foo<uniq T>(unique: T) { }
+fn p_foo<T>(pinned: T) { }
+fn s_foo<copy T>(shared: T) { }
+fn u_foo<send T>(unique: T) { }
 
 resource r(i: int) { }
 

src/test/run-pass/unchecked-predicates.rs

@@ -5,24 +5,24 @@ import std::list::*;
 
 // Can't easily be written as a "pure fn" because there's
 // no syntax for specifying that f is pure.
-fn pure_foldl<T, U>(ls: list<T>, u: U, f: block(T, U) -> U) -> U {
+fn pure_foldl<copy T, copy U>(ls: list<T>, u: U, f: block(T, U) -> U) -> U {
     alt ls { nil. { u } cons(hd, tl) { f(hd, pure_foldl(*tl, f(hd, u), f)) } }
 }
 
 // Shows how to use an "unchecked" block to call a general
 // fn from a pure fn
-pure fn pure_length<T>(ls: list<T>) -> uint {
+pure fn pure_length<copy T>(ls: list<T>) -> uint {
     fn count<T>(_t: T, &&u: uint) -> uint { u + 1u }
     unchecked{ pure_foldl(ls, 0u, bind count(_, _)) }
 }
 
-pure fn nonempty_list<T>(ls: list<T>) -> bool { pure_length(ls) > 0u }
+pure fn nonempty_list<copy T>(ls: list<T>) -> bool { pure_length(ls) > 0u }
 
 // Of course, the compiler can't take advantage of the
 // knowledge that ls is a cons node. Future work.
 // Also, this is pretty contrived since nonempty_list
 // could be a "tag refinement", if we implement those.
-fn safe_head<T>(ls: list<T>) : nonempty_list(ls) -> T { head(ls) }
+fn safe_head<copy T>(ls: list<T>) : nonempty_list(ls) -> T { head(ls) }
 
 fn main() {
     let mylist = cons(@1u, @nil);

src/test/run-pass/unique-assign-generic.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-fn f<T>(t: T) -> T {
+fn f<copy T>(t: T) -> T {
     let t1 = t;
     t1
 }

src/test/run-pass/unique-generic-assign.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Issue #976
 
-fn f<T>(x: ~T) {
+fn f<copy T>(x: ~T) {
     let _x2 = x;
 }
 fn main() { }

src/test/run-pass/unique-kinds.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-fn unique() {
+fn sendable() {
 
-    fn f<uniq T>(i: T, j: T) {
+    fn f<send T>(i: T, j: T) {
         assert i == j;
     }
 
-    fn g<uniq T>(i: T, j: T) {
+    fn g<send T>(i: T, j: T) {
         assert i != j;
     }
 
@@ -16,7 +16,25 @@ fn unique() {
     g(i, j);
 }
 
-fn shared() {
+fn copyable() {
+
+    fn f<copy T>(i: T, j: T) {
+        assert i == j;
+    }
+
+    fn g<copy T>(i: T, j: T) {
+        assert i != j;
+    }
+
+    let i = ~100;
+    let j = ~100;
+    f(i, j);
+    let i = ~100;
+    let j = ~101;
+    g(i, j);
+}
+
+fn noncopyable() {
 
     fn f<T>(i: T, j: T) {
         assert i == j;
@@ -34,26 +52,8 @@ fn shared() {
     g(i, j);
 }
 
-fn pinned() {
-
-    fn f<pin T>(i: T, j: T) {
-        assert i == j;
-    }
-
-    fn g<pin T>(i: T, j: T) {
-        assert i != j;
-    }
-
-    let i = ~100;
-    let j = ~100;
-    f(i, j);
-    let i = ~100;
-    let j = ~101;
-    g(i, j);
-}
-
 fn main() {
-    unique();
-    shared();
-    pinned();
-}
+    sendable();
+    copyable();
+    noncopyable();
+}

src/test/run-pass/vec-push.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
 
-fn push<T>(&v: [const T], t: T) { v += [t]; }
+fn push<copy T>(&v: [const T], t: T) { v += [t]; }
 
 fn main() { let v = [1, 2, 3]; push(v, 1); }

src/test/stdtest/deque.rs

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ fn test_boxes(a: @int, b: @int, c: @int, d: @int) {
 
 type eqfn<T> = fn@(T, T) -> bool;
 
-fn test_parameterized<T>(e: eqfn<T>, a: T, b: T, c: T, d: T) {
+fn test_parameterized<copy T>(e: eqfn<T>, a: T, b: T, c: T, d: T) {
     let deq: deque::t<T> = deque::create::<T>();
     assert (deq.size() == 0u);
     deq.add_front(a);

src/test/stdtest/task.rs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fn test_join_convenient() {
 #[ignore]
 fn spawn_polymorphic() {
     // FIXME #1038: Can't spawn palymorphic functions
-    /*fn foo<uniq T>(x: T) { log_err x; }
+    /*fn foo<send T>(x: T) { log_err x; }
 
     task::spawn(true, foo);
     task::spawn(42, foo);*/