Add tables of small powers of ten used in the fast path. The tables are redundant: We could also use the big, more accurate table and round the value to the correct type (in fact we did just that before this commit). However, the rounding is extra work and slows down the fast path.
Because only very small exponents enter the fast path, the table and thus the space overhead is negligible. Speed-wise, this is a clear win on a [benchmark] comparing the fast path to a naive, hand-optimized, inaccurate algorithm. Specifically, this change narrows the gap from a roughly 5x difference to a roughly 3.4x difference.
[benchmark]: https://gist.github.com/Veedrac/dbb0c07994bc7882098e
Guillaume Gomez
Chris Simpkins
David Tolnay
Mark Rousskov
Robin Kruppe