This commit is a proof-of-concept for switching the standard library's
backtrace symbolication mechanism on most platforms from libbacktrace to
gimli. The standard library's support for `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` requires
in-process parsing of object files and DWARF debug information to
interpret it and print the filename/line number of stack frames as part
of a backtrace.
Historically this support in the standard library has come from a
library called "libbacktrace". The libbacktrace library seems to have
been extracted from gcc at some point and is written in C. We've had a
lot of issues with libbacktrace over time, unfortunately, though. The
library does not appear to be actively maintained since we've had
patches sit for months-to-years without comments. We have discovered a
good number of soundness issues with the library itself, both when
parsing valid DWARF as well as invalid DWARF. This is enough of an issue
that the libs team has previously decided that we cannot feed untrusted
inputs to libbacktrace. This also doesn't take into account the
portability of libbacktrace which has been difficult to manage and
maintain over time. While possible there are lots of exceptions and it's
the main C dependency of the standard library right now.
For years it's been the desire to switch over to a Rust-based solution
for symbolicating backtraces. It's been assumed that we'll be using the
Gimli family of crates for this purpose, which are targeted at safely
and efficiently parsing DWARF debug information. I've been working
recently to shore up the Gimli support in the `backtrace` crate. As of a
few weeks ago the `backtrace` crate, by default, uses Gimli when loaded
from crates.io. This transition has gone well enough that I figured it
was time to start talking seriously about this change to the standard
library.
This commit is a preview of what's probably the best way to integrate
the `backtrace` crate into the standard library with the Gimli feature
turned on. While today it's used as a crates.io dependency, this commit
switches the `backtrace` crate to a submodule of this repository which
will need to be updated manually. This is not done lightly, but is
thought to be the best solution. The primary reason for this is that the
`backtrace` crate needs to do some pretty nontrivial filesystem
interactions to locate debug information. Working without `std::fs` is
not an option, and while it might be possible to do some sort of
trait-based solution when prototyped it was found to be too unergonomic.
Using a submodule allows the `backtrace` crate to build as a submodule
of the `std` crate itself, enabling it to use `std::fs` and such.
Otherwise this adds new dependencies to the standard library. This step
requires extra attention because this means that these crates are now
going to be included with all Rust programs by default. It's important
to note, however, that we're already shipping libbacktrace with all Rust
programs by default and it has a bunch of C code implementing all of
this internally anyway, so we're basically already switching
already-shipping functionality to Rust from C.
* `object` - this crate is used to parse object file headers and
contents. Very low-level support is used from this crate and almost
all of it is disabled. Largely we're just using struct definitions as
well as convenience methods internally to read bytes and such.
* `addr2line` - this is the main meat of the implementation for
symbolication. This crate depends on `gimli` for DWARF parsing and
then provides interfaces needed by the `backtrace` crate to turn an
address into a filename / line number. This crate is actually pretty
small (fits in a single file almost!) and mirrors most of what
`dwarf.c` does for libbacktrace.
* `miniz_oxide` - the libbacktrace crate transparently handles
compressed debug information which is compressed with zlib. This crate
is used to decompress compressed debug sections.
* `gimli` - not actually used directly, but a dependency of `addr2line`.
* `adler32`- not used directly either, but a dependency of
`miniz_oxide`.
The goal of this change is to improve the safety of backtrace
symbolication in the standard library, especially in the face of
possibly malformed DWARF debug information. Even to this day we're still
seeing segfaults in libbacktrace which could possibly become security
vulnerabilities. This change should almost entirely eliminate this
possibility whilc also paving the way forward to adding more features
like split debug information.
Some references for those interested are:
* Original addition of libbacktrace - #12602
* OOM with libbacktrace - #24231
* Backtrace failure due to use of uninitialized value - #28447
* Possibility to feed untrusted data to libbacktrace - #21889
* Soundness fix for libbacktrace - #33729
* Crash in libbacktrace - #39468
* Support for macOS, never merged - ianlancetaylor/libbacktrace#2
* Performance issues with libbacktrace - #29293, #37477
* Update procedure is quite complicated due to how many patches we
need to carry - #50955
* Libbacktrace doesn't work on MinGW with dynamic libs - #71060
* Segfault in libbacktrace on macOS - #71397
Switching to Rust will not make us immune to all of these issues. The
crashes are expected to go away, but correctness and performance may
still have bugs arise. The gimli and `backtrace` crates, however, are
actively maintained unlike libbacktrace, so this should enable us to at
least efficiently apply fixes as situations come up.
Add a fast path for `std:🧵:panicking`.
This is done by adding a global atomic variable (non-TLS) that counts how many threads are panicking. In order to check if the current thread is panicking, this variable is read and, if it is zero, no thread (including the one where `panicking` is being called) is panicking and `panicking` can return `false` immediately without needing to access TLS. If the global counter is not zero, the local counter is accessed from TLS to check if the current thread is panicking.
This is done by adding a global atomic variable (non-TLS) that counts how many threads are panicking. In order to check if the current thread is panicking, this variable is read and, if it is zero, no thread (including the one where `panicking` is being called) is panicking and `panicking` can return `false` immediately without needing to access TLS. If the global counter is not zero, the local counter is accessed from TLS to check if the current thread is panicking.
This allows LLVM to inline the happy path, such that catching unwinding is
zero-cost when no panic occurs. This also allows us to match the code generated
by C++ try/catch.
Step stage0 to bootstrap from 1.42
This also includes a commit which fixes the rustfmt downloading logic to redownload when the rustfmt channel changes, and bumps rustfmt to a more recent version.
Previously the debug assertions in the implementation of catch_unwind
used to verify consistency of the panic count by checking that the count
is zero just before leaving the function. This incorrectly assumed that
no panic was in progress when entering `catch_unwind`.
Clean up some diagnostics by making them more consistent
In general:
- Diagnostic should start with a lowercase letter.
- Diagnostics should not end with a full stop.
- Ellipses contain three dots.
- Backticks should encode Rust code.
I also reworded a couple of messages to make them read more clearly.
It might be sensible to create a style guide for diagnostics, so these informal conventions are written down somewhere, after which we could audit the existing diagnostics.
r? @Centril
This allows us to remove `static_panic_msg` from the SSA<->LLVM
boundary, along with its fat pointer representation for &str.
Also changes the signature of PanicInfo::internal_contructor to
avoid copying.
Closes#65856.
This is a stylistic change to libstd to reduce the number of checks of
`feature = "backtrace"` now that we unconditionally depend on the
`backtrace` crate and rely on it having an empty implementation.
otherwise.
Mark Rousskov
Alex Crichton
Eduardo Sánchez Muñoz
Manish Goregaokar
Lzu Tao
Ralf Jung
bors
Amanieu d'Antras
Tomasz Miąsko
Dylan DPC
varkor
Adam Perry
Ross MacArthur
Mateusz Mikuła
Oliver Scherer
Simon Sapin
Taylor Cramer
Chris Gregory