On MSVC there are two ways that the CRT can be linked, either statically or
dynamically. Each object file produced by the compiler is compiled against
msvcrt (a dll) or libcmt (a static library). When the linker is dealing with
more than one object file, it requires that all object files link to the same
CRT, or else the linker will spit out some errors.
For now, compile code with `-MD` as it seems to appear more often in C libraries
so we'll stick with the same trend.
On MSVC there are two ways that the CRT can be linked, either statically or
dynamically. Each object file produced by the compiler is compiled against
msvcrt (a dll) or libcmt (a static library). When the linker is dealing with
more than one object file, it requires that all object files link to the same
CRT, or else the linker will spit out some errors.
For now, compile code with `-MD` as it seems to appear more often in C libraries
so we'll stick with the same trend.
GDB and LLDB pretty printers have some common functionality and also access some common information, such as the layout of standard library types. So far, this information has been duplicated in the two pretty printing python modules. This PR introduces a common module used by both debuggers.
This PR also implements proper rendering of `String` and `&str` values in LLDB.
Now that MSVC support has landed in the most recent nightlies we can now have
MSVC bootstrap itself without going through a GNU compiler first. Unfortunately,
however, the bootstrap currently fails due to the compiler not being able to
find the llvm-ar.exe tool during the stage0 libcore compile. The compiler cannot
find this tool because it's looking inside a directory that does not exist:
$SYSROOT/rustlib/x86_64-pc-windows-gnu/bin
The `gnu` on this triple is because the bootstrap compiler's host architecture
is GNU. The build system, however, only arranges for the llvm-ar.exe tool to be
available in this location:
$SYSROOT/rustlib/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/bin
To resolve this discrepancy, the build system has been modified to understand
triples that are bootstrapped from another triple, and in this case copy the
native tools to the right location.
This commit adds a ./configure option called `--disable-elf-tls` which disables
ELF based TLS (that which is communicated to LLVM) on platforms which already
support it. OSX 10.6 does not support this form of TLS, and some users of Rust
need to target 10.6 and are unable to do so due to the usage of TLS. The
standard library will continue to use ELF based TLS on OSX by default (as the
officially supported platform is 10.7+), but this adds an option to compile the
standard library in a way that is compatible with 10.6.
Closes#25342
GDB and LLDB pretty printers have some common functionality
and also access some common information, such as the layout of
standard library types. So far, this information has been
duplicated in the two pretty printing python modules. This
commit introduces a common module used by both debuggers.
This commit adds a ./configure option called `--disable-elf-tls` which disables
ELF based TLS (that which is communicated to LLVM) on platforms which already
support it. OSX 10.6 does not support this form of TLS, and some users of Rust
need to target 10.6 and are unable to do so due to the usage of TLS. The
standard library will continue to use ELF based TLS on OSX by default (as the
officially supported platform is 10.7+), but this adds an option to compile the
standard library in a way that is compatible with 10.6.
Now that MSVC support has landed in the most recent nightlies we can now have
MSVC bootstrap itself without going through a GNU compiler first. Unfortunately,
however, the bootstrap currently fails due to the compiler not being able to
find the llvm-ar.exe tool during the stage0 libcore compile. The compiler cannot
find this tool because it's looking inside a directory that does not exist:
$SYSROOT/rustlib/x86_64-pc-windows-gnu/bin
The `gnu` on this triple is because the bootstrap compiler's host architecture
is GNU. The build system, however, only arranges for the llvm-ar.exe tool to be
available in this location:
$SYSROOT/rustlib/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/bin
To resolve this discrepancy, the build system has been modified to understand
triples that are bootstrapped from another triple, and in this case copy the
native tools to the right location.
The changes scaled back in 4cc025d8 were a little too aggressive and broke a
bunch of cross compilations by not defining the `LINK_$(1)` variable for all
targets. This commit ensures that the variable is defined for all targets by
defaulting it to the normal compiler if it's not already defined (it's only
defined specially for MSVC).
Closes#25723Closes#25802
The current codegen tests only compare IR line counts between similar
rust and C programs, the latter getting compiled with clang. That looked
like a good idea back then, but actually things like lifetime intrinsics
mean that less IR isn't always better, so the metric isn't really
helpful.
Instead, we can start doing tests that check specific aspects of the
generated IR, like attributes or metadata. To do that, we can use LLVM's
FileCheck tool which has a number of useful features for such tests.
To start off, I created some tests for a few things that were recently
added and/or broken.
The changes scaled back in 4cc025d8 were a little too aggressive and broke a
bunch of cross compilations by not defining the `LINK_$(1)` variable for all
targets. This commit ensures that the variable is defined for all targets by
defaulting it to the normal compiler if it's not already defined (it's only
defined specially for MSVC).
Closes#25723
The recent MSVC patch made the build system pass explicit linkers to
rustc, but did not set that up for anything other than MSVC.
This is blocking nightlies.
The install target depends on compiler-docs but 'all' does not.
This means that running 'make && make install' will run additional
doc builds and tests during installation, which hides bugs in
the build.
For now this just unconditionally stops building compiler docs.
The install target depends on compiler-docs but 'all' does not.
This means that running 'make && make install' will run additional
doc builds and tests during installation, which hides bugs in
the build.
For now this just unconditionally stops building compiler docs.
Special thanks to @retep998 for the [excellent writeup](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/issues/1061) of tasks to be done and @ricky26 for initially blazing the trail here!
# MSVC Support
This goal of this series of commits is to add MSVC support to the Rust compiler
and build system, allowing it more easily interoperate with Visual Studio
installations and native libraries compiled outside of MinGW.
The tl;dr; of this change is that there is a new target of the compiler,
`x86_64-pc-windows-msvc`, which will not interact with the MinGW toolchain at
all and will instead use `link.exe` to assemble output artifacts.
## Why try to use MSVC?
With today's Rust distribution, when you install a compiler on Windows you also
install `gcc.exe` and a number of supporting libraries by default (this can be
opted out of). This allows installations to remain independent of MinGW
installations, but it still generally requires native code to be linked with
MinGW instead of MSVC. Some more background can also be found in #1768 about the
incompatibilities between MinGW and MSVC.
Overall the current installation strategy is quite nice so long as you don't
interact with native code, but once you do the usage of a MinGW-based `gcc.exe`
starts to get quite painful.
Relying on a nonstandard Windows toolchain has also been a long-standing "code
smell" of Rust and has been slated for remedy for quite some time now. Using a
standard toolchain is a great motivational factor for improving the
interoperability of Rust code with the native system.
## What does it mean to use MSVC?
"Using MSVC" can be a bit of a nebulous concept, but this PR defines it as:
* The build system for Rust will build as much code as possible with the MSVC
compiler, `cl.exe`.
* The build system will use native MSVC tools for managing archives.
* The compiler will link all output with `link.exe` instead of `gcc.exe`.
None of these are currently implemented today, but all are required for the
compiler to fluently interoperate with MSVC.
## How does this all work?
At the highest level, this PR adds a new target triple to the Rust compiler:
x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
All logic for using MSVC or not is scoped within this triple and code can
conditionally build for MSVC or MinGW via:
#[cfg(target_env = "msvc")]
It is expected that auto builders will be set up for MSVC-based compiles in
addition to the existing MinGW-based compiles, and we will likely soon start
shipping MSVC nightlies where `x86_64-pc-windows-msvc` is the host target triple
of the compiler.
# Summary of changes
Here I'll explain at a high level what many of the changes made were targeted
at, but many more details can be found in the commits themselves. Many thanks to
@retep998 for the excellent writeup in rust-lang/rfcs#1061 and @rick26 for a lot
of the initial proof-of-concept work!
## Build system changes
As is probably expected, a large chunk of this PR is changes to Rust's build
system to build with MSVC. At a high level **it is an explicit non goal** to
enable building outside of a MinGW shell, instead all Makefile infrastructure we
have today is retrofitted with support to use MSVC instead of the standard MSVC
toolchain. Some of the high-level changes are:
* The configure script now detects when MSVC is being targeted and adds a number
of additional requirements about the build environment:
* The `--msvc-root` option must be specified or `cl.exe` must be in PATH to
discover where MSVC is installed. The compiler in use is also required to
target x86_64.
* Once the MSVC root is known, the INCLUDE/LIB environment variables are
scraped so they can be reexported by the build system.
* CMake is required to build LLVM with MSVC (and LLVM is also configured with
CMake instead of the normal configure script).
* jemalloc is currently unconditionally disabled for MSVC targets as jemalloc
isn't a hard requirement and I don't know how to build it with MSVC.
* Invocations of a C and/or C++ compiler are now abstracted behind macros to
appropriately call the underlying compiler with the correct format of
arguments, for example there is now a macro for "assemble an archive from
objects" instead of hard-coded invocations of `$(AR) crus liboutput.a ...`
* The output filenames for standard libraries such as morestack/compiler-rt are
now "more correct" on windows as they are shipped as `foo.lib` instead of
`libfoo.a`.
* Rust targets can now depend on native tools provided by LLVM, and as you'll
see in the commits the entire MSVC target depends on `llvm-ar.exe`.
* Support for custom arbitrary makefile dependencies of Rust targets has been
added. The MSVC target for `rustc_llvm` currently requires a custom `.DEF`
file to be passed to the linker to get further linkages to complete.
## Compiler changes
The modifications made to the compiler have so far largely been minor tweaks
here and there, mostly just adding a layer of abstraction over whether MSVC or a
GNU-like linker is being used. At a high-level these changes are:
* The section name for metadata storage in dynamic libraries is called `.rustc`
for MSVC-based platorms as section names cannot contain more than 8
characters.
* The implementation of `rustc_back::Archive` was refactored, but the
functionality has remained the same.
* Targets can now specify the default `ar` utility to use, and for MSVC this
defaults to `llvm-ar.exe`
* The building of the linker command in `rustc_trans:🔙:link` has been
abstracted behind a trait for the same code path to be used between GNU and
MSVC linkers.
## Standard library changes
Only a few small changes were required to the stadnard library itself, and only
for minor differences between the C runtime of msvcrt.dll and MinGW's libc.a
* Some function names for floating point functions have leading underscores, and
some are not present at all.
* Linkage to the `advapi32` library for crypto-related functions is now
explicit.
* Some small bits of C code here and there were fixed for compatibility with
MSVC's cl.exe compiler.
# Future Work
This commit is not yet a 100% complete port to using MSVC as there are still
some key components missing as well as some unimplemented optimizations. This PR
is already getting large enough that I wanted to draw the line here, but here's
a list of what is not implemented in this PR, on purpose:
## Unwinding
The revision of our LLVM submodule [does not seem to implement][llvm] does not
support lowering SEH exception handling on the Windows MSVC targets, so
unwinding support is not currently implemented for the standard library (it's
lowered to an abort).
[llvm]: https://github.com/rust-lang/llvm/blob/rust-llvm-2015-02-19/lib/CodeGen/Passes.cpp#L454-L461
It looks like, however, that upstream LLVM has quite a bit more support for SEH
unwinding and landing pads than the current revision we have, so adding support
will likely just involve updating LLVM and then adding some shims of our own
here and there.
## dllimport and dllexport
An interesting part of Windows which MSVC forces our hand on (and apparently
MinGW didn't) is the usage of `dllimport` and `dllexport` attributes in LLVM IR
as well as native dependencies (in C these correspond to
`__declspec(dllimport)`).
Whenever a dynamic library is built by MSVC it must have its public interface
specified by functions tagged with `dllexport` or otherwise they're not
available to be linked against. This poses a few problems for the compiler, some
of which are somewhat fundamental, but this commit alters the compiler to attach
the `dllexport` attribute to all LLVM functions that are reachable (e.g. they're
already tagged with external linkage). This is suboptimal for a few reasons:
* If an object file will never be included in a dynamic library, there's no need
to attach the dllexport attribute. Most object files in Rust are not destined
to become part of a dll as binaries are statically linked by default.
* If the compiler is emitting both an rlib and a dylib, the same source object
file is currently used but with MSVC this may be less feasible. The compiler
may be able to get around this, but it may involve some invasive changes to
deal with this.
The flipside of this situation is that whenever you link to a dll and you import
a function from it, the import should be tagged with `dllimport`. At this time,
however, the compiler does not emit `dllimport` for any declarations other than
constants (where it is required), which is again suboptimal for even more
reasons!
* Calling a function imported from another dll without using `dllimport` causes
the linker/compiler to have extra overhead (one `jmp` instruction on x86) when
calling the function.
* The same object file may be used in different circumstances, so a function may
be imported from a dll if the object is linked into a dll, but it may be
just linked against if linked into an rlib.
* The compiler has no knowledge about whether native functions should be tagged
dllimport or not.
For now the compiler takes the perf hit (I do not have any numbers to this
effect) by marking very little as `dllimport` and praying the linker will take
care of everything. Fixing this problem will likely require adding a few
attributes to Rust itself (feature gated at the start) and then strongly
recommending static linkage on Windows! This may also involve shipping a
statically linked compiler on Windows instead of a dynamically linked compiler,
but these sorts of changes are pretty invasive and aren't part of this PR.
## CI integration
Thankfully we don't need to set up a new snapshot bot for the changes made here as our snapshots are freestanding already, we should be able to use the same snapshot to bootstrap both MinGW and MSVC compilers (once a new snapshot is made from these changes).
I plan on setting up a new suite of auto bots which are testing MSVC configurations for now as well, for now they'll just be bootstrapping and not running tests, but once unwinding is implemented they'll start running all tests as well and we'll eventually start gating on them as well.
---
I'd love as many eyes on this as we've got as this was one of my first interactions with MSVC and Visual Studio, so there may be glaring holes that I'm missing here and there!
cc @retep998, @ricky26, @vadimcn, @klutzy
r? @brson
This commit updates the `dist` target for MSVC to not build the mingw components
and to also ensure that the `llvm-ar.exe` binary is ferried along into the right
location for installs.
Windows needs explicit exports of functions from DLLs but LLVM does not mention
any of its symbols as being export-able from a DLL. The compiler, however,
relies on being able to use LLVM symbols across DLL boundaries so we need to
force many of LLVM's symbols to be exported from `rustc_llvm.dll`. This commit
adds support for generation of a `rustc_llvm.def` file which is passed along to
the linker when generating `rustc_llvm.dll` which should keep all these symbols
exportable and usable.
The compiler will require that `llvm-ar.exe` be available for MSVC-targeting
builds (more comments on this soon), so this commit adds support for targets to
depend on LLVM tools. The `core` library for MSVC depends on `llvm-ar.exe` which
will be copied into place for the target before the compiler starts to run.
Note that these targets all depend on `llvm-config.exe` to ensure that they're
built before they're attempted to be copied.
This commit updates the rustllvm.mk file with the necessary flags and such to
build rustllvm.lib with cl.exe instead of gcc. Some comments can be found in the
commit itself.
It looks like compiler-rt has a cmake build sytem inside its source, but I have
been unable to figure out how to use it and actually build the right library.
For now this commit hard-wires MSVC-targeting builds of libcompiler-rt to
continue using `make` as the primary bulid system, but some frobbing of the
flags are necessary to ensure that the right compiler is used.
Currently the MSVC compilers don't have any cross prefixes and we're only able
to make an MSVC compiler with a cross compile, so just avoid this logic on msvc
for now.
We have a number of support C/C++ files in Rust that we link into the standard
library and other various locations, and these all need to be built with cl.exe
instead of gcc.exe when targeting MSVC. This commit adds helper macros for this
functionality to use different sets of programs/flags/invocations on MSVC than
on GNU-like platforms.
This commit modifies the makefiles to enable building LLVM with cmake and Visual
Studio to generate an LLVM that targets MSVC. Rust's configure script requires
cmake to be installed when targeting MSVC and will configure LLVM with cmake
instead of the normal `./configure` script LLVM provides. The build will then
run cmake to execute the build instead of the normal `make`.
Currently `make clean-llvm` isn't supported on MSVC as I can't figure out how to
run a "clean" target for the Visual Studio files.
This commit starts to add MSVC support to the ./configure script to enable the
build system to detect and build an MSVC target with the cl.exe compiler and
toolchain. The primary change here is a large sanity check when an MSVC target
is requested (and currently only `x86_64-pc-windows-msvc` is recognized).
When building an MSVC target, the configure script either requires the
`--msvc-root` argument or for `cl.exe` to be in `PATH`. It also requires that if
in the path `cl.exe` is the 64-bit version of the compiler.
Once detected the configure script will run the `vcvarsall.bat` script provided
by Visual Studio to learn about the `INCLUDE` and `LIB` variables needed by the
`cl.exe` compiler to run (the default include/lib paths for the
compiler/linker). These variables are then reexported when running `make` to
ensure that our own compiles are running the same toolchain.
The purpose of this detection and environment variable scraping is to avoid
requiring the build itself to be run inside of a `cmd.exe` shell but rather
allow it to run in the currently expected MinGW/MSYS shell.
We use a script called `mklldeps.py` to run `llvm-config` to generate a list
of LLVM libraries and native dependencies needed by LLVM, but all cross-compiled
LLVM builds were using the *host triple's* `llvm-config` instead of the
*target's* `llvm-config`. This commit alters this to require the right
`llvmdeps.rs` to be generated which will run the correct `llvm-config`.
Previously libmorestack.a and libcompiler-rt.a were installed, but link.exe
looks for morestack.lib and compiler-rt.lib by default, so we need to install
these with the correct name
The code takes a prefix of the MD5 hash of the version string.
Since the hash command differs across GNU and BSD platforms, we scan for
the right one in the configure script.
Closes#25007
The code takes a prefix of the MD5 hash of the version string.
Since the hash command differs across GNU and BSD platforms, we scan for
the right one in the configure script.
Closes#25007
bors
Steve Klabnik
Alex Crichton
Gleb Kozyrev
Manish Goregaokar
Matt Brubeck
Michael Woerister
petrochenkov
Björn Steinbrink
Johannes Oertel
Brian Anderson
Felix S. Klock II
Chris Wong
Ricky Taylor
Richo Healey