Prevent caching normalization results with a cycle
When normalizing a projection which results in a cycle, we would cache the result of `project_type` without the nested obligations (because they're not needed for inference). This would result in the nested obligations only being handled once in fulfill, which would avoid the cycle error. `get_paranoid_cache_value_obligation` used to add an obligation that resulted in a cycle in this case previously, but was removed by #73905.
This PR makes the projection cache not cache the value of a projection if it was ever normalized in a cycle (except in a snapshot that's rolled back).
Fixes#79714.
r? `@nikomatsakis`
931aa27922