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bors 77eeddaa48 auto merge of #11501 : alexcrichton/rust/dox, r=brson
The official documentation sorely needs an explanation of the rust runtime and what it is exactly, and I want this guide to provide that information.

I'm unsure of whether I've been too light on some topics while too heavy on others. I also feel like a few things are still missing. As always, feedback is appreciated, especially about things you'd like to see written about!
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README.md

The Rust Programming Language

This is a compiler for Rust, including standard libraries, tools and documentation.

Quick Start

Windows

  1. Download and use the installer and MinGW.
  2. Read the tutorial.
  3. Enjoy!

Note: Windows users can read the detailed getting started notes on the wiki.

Linux / OS X

  1. Make sure you have installed the dependencies:

    • g++ 4.4 or clang++ 3.x
    • python 2.6 or later (but not 3.x)
    • perl 5.0 or later
    • GNU make 3.81 or later
    • curl
  2. Download and build Rust:

    You can either download a tarball or build directly from the repo.

    To build from the tarball do:

     $ curl -O http://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-0.9.tar.gz
     $ tar -xzf rust-0.9.tar.gz
     $ cd rust-0.9
    

    Or to build from the repo do:

     $ git clone https://github.com/mozilla/rust.git
     $ cd rust
    

    Now that you have Rust's source code, you can configure and build it:

     $ ./configure
     $ make && make install
    

    Note: You may need to use sudo make install if you do not normally have permission to modify the destination directory. The install locations can be adjusted by passing a --prefix argument to configure. Various other options are also supported, pass --help for more information on them.

    When complete, make install will place several programs into /usr/local/bin: rustc, the Rust compiler; rustdoc, the API-documentation tool, and rustpkg, the Rust package manager and build system.

  3. Read the tutorial.

  4. Enjoy!

Notes

Since the Rust compiler is written in Rust, it must be built by a precompiled "snapshot" version of itself (made in an earlier state of development). As such, source builds require a connection to the Internet, to fetch snapshots, and an OS that can execute the available snapshot binaries.

Snapshot binaries are currently built and tested on several platforms:

  • Windows (7, Server 2008 R2), x86 only
  • Linux (various distributions), x86 and x86-64
  • OSX 10.6 ("Snow Leopard") or greater, x86 and x86-64

You may find that other platforms work, but these are our officially supported build environments that are most likely to work.

Rust currently needs about 1.5 GiB of RAM to build without swapping; if it hits swap, it will take a very long time to build.

There is a lot more documentation in the wiki.

License

Rust is primarily distributed under the terms of both the MIT license and the Apache License (Version 2.0), with portions covered by various BSD-like licenses.

See LICENSE-APACHE, LICENSE-MIT, and COPYRIGHT for details.