(1) formatting cleanup to permit @smallbook
(2) moved GPL to end
(3) @index{foo} -> @cindex{foo}
This commit is contained in:
Roland Pesch
parent
f4335d5682
commit
54e4a398e3
|
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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
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|||
included in a translation approved by the author instead of in the
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||||
original English.
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@end ifinfo
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@c @smallbook
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@setchapternewpage odd
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@settitle Using GDB (v4.0)
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@titlepage
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@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ original English.
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@end titlepage
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@page
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@node Top, Top, Top, (DIR)
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@node Top, New Features, (dir), (dir)
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@unnumbered Summary of GDB
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|
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The purpose of a debugger such as GDB is to allow you to see what is
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|
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@ -106,31 +106,128 @@ is being implemented, and Fortran support will be added when a GNU
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Fortran compiler is written.
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@menu
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* New Features:: What's new in GDB 4.0
|
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* License:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission
|
||||
to redistribute GDB on certain terms; and also
|
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explains that there is no warranty.
|
||||
* User Interface:: GDB command syntax and input and output conventions.
|
||||
* Files:: Specifying files for GDB to operate on.
|
||||
* Options:: GDB arguments and options.
|
||||
* Compilation::Compiling your program so you can debug it.
|
||||
* Running:: Running your program under GDB.
|
||||
* Stopping:: Making your program stop. Why it may stop. What to do then.
|
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* Stack:: Examining your program's stack.
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||||
* Source:: Examining your program's source files.
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* Data:: Examining data in your program.
|
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* Symbols:: Examining the debugger's symbol table.
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* Altering:: Altering things in your program.
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||||
* Sequences:: Canned command sequences for repeated use.
|
||||
* Emacs:: Using GDB through GNU Emacs.
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* Remote:: Remote debugging across a serial line or TCP/IP.
|
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* GDB Bugs:: How to report bugs (if you want to get them fixed).
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* Installing GDB:: How to set up GDB for your host and target
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* Commands:: Index of GDB commands.
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* Concepts:: Index of GDB concepts.
|
||||
* New Features:: New Features in GDB version 4.0
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* User Interface:: GDB Commands and Displays
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||||
* Files:: Specifying GDB's Files
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* Compilation:: Compiling Your Program for Debugging
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||||
* Targets:: Specifying a Debugging Target
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||||
* Running:: Running Your Program Under GDB
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||||
* Stopping:: Stopping and Continuing
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* Stack:: Examining the Stack
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* Source:: Examining Source Files
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* Data:: Examining Data
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* Symbols:: Examining the Symbol Table
|
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* Altering:: Altering Execution
|
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* Sequences:: Canned Sequences of Commands
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* Options:: Options and Arguments for GDB
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* Emacs:: Using GDB under GNU Emacs
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* Remote:: Remote Debugging
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* GDB Bugs:: Reporting Bugs in GDB
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* Installing GDB:: Installing GDB
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* License:: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
|
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* Commands:: Command Index
|
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* Concepts:: Index
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|
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--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
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|
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Specifying GDB's Files
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|
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* File Arguments:: Specifying Files with Arguments
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* File Commands:: Specifying Files with Commands
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|
||||
Running Your Program Under GDB
|
||||
|
||||
* Arguments:: Specifying the arguments for your program.
|
||||
* Environment:: Specifying the environment for your program.
|
||||
* Working Directory:: Specifying the working directory for giving
|
||||
to your program when it is run.
|
||||
* Input/Output:: Specifying the program's standard input and output.
|
||||
* Attach:: Debugging a process started outside GDB.
|
||||
* Kill Process:: Getting rid of the child process running your program.
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|
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Stopping and Continuing
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|
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* Signals:: Fatal signals in your program just stop it;
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then you can use GDB to see what is going on.
|
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* Breakpoints:: Breakpoints let you stop your program when it
|
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reaches a specified point in the code.
|
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an expression changes.
|
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* Continuing:: Resuming execution until the next signal or breakpoint.
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* Stepping:: Stepping runs the program a short distance and
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then stops it wherever it has come to.
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|
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Breakpoints
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|
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* Set Breaks:: How to establish breakpoints.
|
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* Exception Handling:: How GDB supports exception handling for C++.
|
||||
* Delete Breaks:: How to remove breakpoints no longer needed.
|
||||
* Disabling:: How to disable breakpoints (turn them off temporarily).
|
||||
* Conditions:: Making extra conditions on whether to stop.
|
||||
* Break Commands:: Commands to be executed at a breakpoint.
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* Error in Breakpoints::
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|
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Examining the Stack
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|
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* Frames:: Explanation of stack frames and terminology.
|
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* Backtrace:: Summarizing many frames at once.
|
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* Selection:: How to select a stack frame.
|
||||
* Frame Info:: Information on a Frame
|
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|
||||
Examining Source Files
|
||||
|
||||
* List:: Using the @samp{list} command to print source files.
|
||||
* Search:: Commands for searching source files.
|
||||
* Source Path:: Specifying the directories to search for source files.
|
||||
|
||||
Examining Data
|
||||
|
||||
* Expressions:: Expressions that can be computed and printed.
|
||||
* Variables:: Using your program's variables in expressions.
|
||||
* Arrays:: Examining part of memory as an array.
|
||||
* Format options:: Controlling how structures and arrays are printed.
|
||||
* Output formats:: Specifying formats for printing values.
|
||||
* Auto Display:: Printing certain expressions whenever program stops.
|
||||
* Value History:: Referring to values previously printed.
|
||||
* Convenience Vars:: Giving names to values for future reference.
|
||||
* Registers:: Referring to and storing in machine registers.
|
||||
|
||||
Output formats
|
||||
|
||||
* Memory:: Examining Memory
|
||||
|
||||
Altering Execution
|
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|
||||
* Assignment:: Altering variable values or memory contents.
|
||||
* Jumping:: Altering control flow.
|
||||
* Signaling:: Making signals happen in the program.
|
||||
* Returning:: Making a function return prematurely.
|
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* Calling:: Calling functions from your program
|
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|
||||
Canned Sequences of Commands
|
||||
|
||||
* Define:: User-defined commands.
|
||||
* Command Files:: Command files.
|
||||
* Output:: Controlled output commands useful in
|
||||
user-defined commands and command files.
|
||||
|
||||
Options and Arguments for GDB
|
||||
|
||||
* Mode Options:: Options controlling modes of operation.
|
||||
* File Options:: Options to specify files (executable, coredump, commands)
|
||||
* Other Arguments:: Any other arguments without options
|
||||
also specify files.
|
||||
|
||||
Remote Debugging
|
||||
|
||||
* Remote Commands:: Commands used to start and finish remote debugging.
|
||||
|
||||
Reporting Bugs in GDB
|
||||
|
||||
* Bug Criteria:: Have You Found a Bug?
|
||||
* Bug Reporting:: How to Report Bugs
|
||||
@end menu
|
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@node New Features, License, Top, Top
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@node New Features, User Interface, Top, Top
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@unnumbered New Features in GDB version 4.0
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||||
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||||
@itemize @bullet
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||||
|
|
@ -196,307 +293,7 @@ HPPA architecture support.
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|||
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||||
@end itemize
|
||||
|
||||
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||||
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||||
@node License, User Interface, New Features, Top
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||||
@unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
|
||||
@center Version 1, February 1989
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||||
|
||||
@display
|
||||
Copyright @copyright{} 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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||||
675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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||||
|
||||
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
||||
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
||||
@end display
|
||||
|
||||
@unnumberedsec Preamble
|
||||
|
||||
The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users
|
||||
at the mercy of those companies. By contrast, our General Public
|
||||
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
|
||||
software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. The
|
||||
General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's
|
||||
software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.
|
||||
You can use it for your programs, too.
|
||||
|
||||
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
|
||||
price. Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make
|
||||
sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free
|
||||
software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it,
|
||||
that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free
|
||||
programs; and that you know you can do these things.
|
||||
|
||||
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
|
||||
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
|
||||
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
|
||||
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether
|
||||
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
|
||||
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
|
||||
source code. And you must tell them their rights.
|
||||
|
||||
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
|
||||
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
|
||||
distribute and/or modify the software.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
|
||||
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
|
||||
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
|
||||
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
|
||||
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
|
||||
authors' reputations.
|
||||
|
||||
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
|
||||
modification follow.
|
||||
|
||||
@iftex
|
||||
@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
@end iftex
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
|
||||
@enumerate
|
||||
@item
|
||||
This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which
|
||||
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be
|
||||
distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The
|
||||
``Program'', below, refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based
|
||||
on the Program'' means either the Program or any work containing the
|
||||
Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications. Each
|
||||
licensee is addressed as ``you''.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
|
||||
code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
|
||||
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
|
||||
disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this
|
||||
General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any
|
||||
other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License
|
||||
along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of
|
||||
transferring a copy.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
|
||||
it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph
|
||||
1 above, provided that you also do the following:
|
||||
|
||||
@itemize @bullet
|
||||
@item
|
||||
cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that
|
||||
you changed the files and the date of any change; and
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that
|
||||
in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either
|
||||
with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all
|
||||
third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except
|
||||
that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all
|
||||
third parties, at your option).
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
|
||||
run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use
|
||||
in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an
|
||||
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice
|
||||
that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a
|
||||
warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these
|
||||
conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General
|
||||
Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a
|
||||
copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in
|
||||
exchange for a fee.
|
||||
@end itemize
|
||||
|
||||
Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its
|
||||
derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring
|
||||
the other work under the scope of these terms.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of
|
||||
it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
|
||||
Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
|
||||
|
||||
@itemize @bullet
|
||||
@item
|
||||
accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
|
||||
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
|
||||
Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
|
||||
years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge
|
||||
for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the
|
||||
corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of
|
||||
Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
accompany it with the information you received as to where the
|
||||
corresponding source code may be obtained. (This alternative is
|
||||
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
|
||||
received the program in object code or executable form alone.)
|
||||
@end itemize
|
||||
|
||||
Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
|
||||
modifications to it. For an executable file, complete source code means
|
||||
all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special
|
||||
exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard
|
||||
libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable
|
||||
file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that
|
||||
accompany that operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the
|
||||
Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License.
|
||||
Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer
|
||||
the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use
|
||||
the Program under this License. However, parties who have received
|
||||
copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public
|
||||
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
|
||||
remain in full compliance.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based
|
||||
on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so,
|
||||
and all its terms and conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
|
||||
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original
|
||||
licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these
|
||||
terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the
|
||||
recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
|
||||
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
|
||||
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
|
||||
address new problems or concerns.
|
||||
|
||||
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
|
||||
specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and ``any
|
||||
later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions
|
||||
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
|
||||
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
|
||||
the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
|
||||
Foundation.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
|
||||
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
|
||||
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
|
||||
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
|
||||
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
|
||||
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
|
||||
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
|
||||
|
||||
@iftex
|
||||
@heading NO WARRANTY
|
||||
@end iftex
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@center NO WARRANTY
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
|
||||
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
|
||||
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
|
||||
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
|
||||
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
||||
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
|
||||
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
|
||||
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
|
||||
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL
|
||||
ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
|
||||
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
|
||||
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
|
||||
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT
|
||||
LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES
|
||||
SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE
|
||||
WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
|
||||
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
|
||||
@end enumerate
|
||||
|
||||
@iftex
|
||||
@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
@end iftex
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
|
||||
@page
|
||||
@unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
|
||||
|
||||
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
|
||||
possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it
|
||||
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
|
||||
terms.
|
||||
|
||||
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
|
||||
attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey
|
||||
the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
|
||||
``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
|
||||
Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
|
||||
|
||||
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||||
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||||
the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
|
||||
any later version.
|
||||
|
||||
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
||||
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||||
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
||||
GNU General Public License for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||||
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
|
||||
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
|
||||
|
||||
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
|
||||
when it starts in an interactive mode:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
|
||||
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
|
||||
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
|
||||
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
|
||||
appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
|
||||
commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show
|
||||
c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever suits your
|
||||
program.
|
||||
|
||||
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
|
||||
school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
|
||||
necessary. Here a sample; alter the names:
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
|
||||
program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes
|
||||
at assemblers) written by James Hacker.
|
||||
|
||||
@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
|
||||
Ty Coon, President of Vice
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
That's all there is to it!
|
||||
|
||||
@node User Interface, Files, License, Top
|
||||
@node User Interface, Files, New Features, Top
|
||||
@chapter GDB Commands and Displays
|
||||
|
||||
GDB is invoked with the shell command @samp{gdb}. Once started, it reads
|
||||
|
|
@ -863,9 +660,8 @@ debug a core dump of a previous run, GDB must be told the file name of
|
|||
the core dump.
|
||||
|
||||
@menu
|
||||
* Arguments: File Arguments. Specifying files with arguments
|
||||
(when you start GDB).
|
||||
* Commands: File Commands. Specifying files with GDB commands.
|
||||
* File Arguments:: Specifying Files with Arguments
|
||||
* File Commands:: Specifying Files with Commands
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
@node File Arguments, File Commands, Files, Files
|
||||
|
|
@ -999,7 +795,7 @@ previous source line.
|
|||
Symbol number @var{n} contains a pointer into the string table which is
|
||||
larger than the size of the string table. GDB circumvents the problem
|
||||
by considering the symbol to have the name @code{foo}, which may cause
|
||||
other problems if many symbols end up with this name. @index{foo}
|
||||
other problems if many symbols end up with this name. @cindex{foo}
|
||||
|
||||
@item unknown symbol type @code{0xNN}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1574,7 +1370,7 @@ You can also use the @samp{signal} command to prevent the program from
|
|||
seeing a signal, or cause it to see a signal it normally would not see,
|
||||
or to give it any signal at any time. @xref{Signaling}.
|
||||
|
||||
@node Breakpoints, Watchpoints Continuing, Signals, Stopping
|
||||
@node Breakpoints, Continuing, Signals, Stopping
|
||||
@section Breakpoints
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex breakpoints
|
||||
|
|
@ -1631,7 +1427,7 @@ releases of GDB will use such hardware if it is available.
|
|||
* Disabling:: How to disable breakpoints (turn them off temporarily).
|
||||
* Conditions:: Making extra conditions on whether to stop.
|
||||
* Break Commands:: Commands to be executed at a breakpoint.
|
||||
* Error in Breakpoints:: "Cannot insert breakpoints" error--why, what to do.
|
||||
* Error in Breakpoints::
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
@node Set Breaks, Exception Handling, Breakpoints, Breakpoints
|
||||
|
|
@ -1780,7 +1576,7 @@ You cannot raise an exception interactively.
|
|||
You cannot interactively install an exception handler.
|
||||
@end itemize
|
||||
|
||||
@node Delete Breaks, Disabling, Set Breaks, Breakpoints
|
||||
@node Delete Breaks, Disabling, Exception Handling, Breakpoints
|
||||
@subsection Deleting Breakpoints
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex clearing breakpoints and watchpoints
|
||||
|
|
@ -2284,7 +2080,7 @@ frame and describes it briefly as the @samp{frame} command does
|
|||
* Frames:: Explanation of stack frames and terminology.
|
||||
* Backtrace:: Summarizing many frames at once.
|
||||
* Selection:: How to select a stack frame.
|
||||
* Info: Frame Info, Commands to print information on stack frames.
|
||||
* Frame Info:: Information on a Frame
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
@node Frames, Backtrace, Stack, Stack
|
||||
|
|
@ -2748,11 +2544,9 @@ specified format.
|
|||
@menu
|
||||
* Expressions:: Expressions that can be computed and printed.
|
||||
* Variables:: Using your program's variables in expressions.
|
||||
* Assignment:: Setting your program's variables.
|
||||
* Arrays:: Examining part of memory as an array.
|
||||
* Format Options:: Controlling how structures and arrays are printed.
|
||||
* Format options:: Controlling how structures and arrays are printed.
|
||||
* Output formats:: Specifying formats for printing values.
|
||||
* Memory:: Examining memory explicitly.
|
||||
* Auto Display:: Printing certain expressions whenever program stops.
|
||||
* Value History:: Referring to values previously printed.
|
||||
* Convenience Vars:: Giving names to values for future reference.
|
||||
|
|
@ -2982,10 +2776,10 @@ $1 = @{
|
|||
@item set prettyprint off
|
||||
Cause GDB to print structures in a compact format, like this:
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
$1 = @{next = 0x0, flags = @{sweet = 1, sour = 1@}, meat \
|
||||
= 0x54 "Pork"@}
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
This is the default format.
|
||||
|
|
@ -3009,7 +2803,7 @@ structures.
|
|||
|
||||
For example, given the declarations
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
typedef enum @{Tree, Bug@} Species;
|
||||
typedef enum @{Big_tree, Acorn, Seedling@} Tree_forms;
|
||||
typedef enum @{Caterpillar, Cocoon, Butterfly@} Bug_forms;
|
||||
|
|
@ -3023,14 +2817,14 @@ struct thing @{
|
|||
@};
|
||||
|
||||
struct thing foo = @{Tree, @{Acorn@}@};
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
with @samp{set unionprint on} in effect @samp{p foo} would print
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
$1 = @{it = Tree, form = @{tree = Acorn, bug = Cocoon@}@}
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
and with @samp{set unionprint off} in effect it would print
|
||||
|
|
@ -3040,7 +2834,7 @@ $1 = @{it = Tree, form = @{...@}@}
|
|||
@end example
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@node Output formats, Memory, Format options, Data
|
||||
@node Output formats, Auto Display, Format options, Data
|
||||
@section Output formats
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex formatted output
|
||||
|
|
@ -3102,7 +2896,11 @@ To reprint the last value in the value history with a different format,
|
|||
you can use the @samp{print} command with just a format and no
|
||||
expression. For example, @samp{p/x} reprints the last value in hex.
|
||||
|
||||
@node Memory, Auto Display, Output formats, Data
|
||||
@menu
|
||||
* Memory:: Examining Memory
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
@node Memory, , Output formats, Output formats
|
||||
@subsection Examining Memory
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex examining memory
|
||||
|
|
@ -3256,7 +3054,7 @@ If the @samp{x} command has a repeat count, the address and contents saved
|
|||
are from the last memory unit printed; this is not the same as the last
|
||||
address printed if several units were printed on the last line of output.
|
||||
|
||||
@node Auto Display, Value History, Memory, Data
|
||||
@node Auto Display, Value History, Output formats, Data
|
||||
@section Automatic Display
|
||||
@cindex automatic display
|
||||
@cindex display of expressions
|
||||
|
|
@ -3815,7 +3613,7 @@ returned. Contrast this with the @samp{finish} command
|
|||
(@pxref{Stepping}), which resumes execution until the selected stack
|
||||
frame returns @emph{naturally}.
|
||||
|
||||
@node Calling, , , Returning, Altering
|
||||
@node Calling, , Returning, Altering
|
||||
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
||||
@section Calling your Program's Functions
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -4197,7 +3995,7 @@ environment. Users of this environment can use a new command,
|
|||
each value is printed in its own window.
|
||||
@end ignore
|
||||
|
||||
@node Remote, Commands, Emacs, Top
|
||||
@node Remote, GDB Bugs, Emacs, Top
|
||||
@chapter Remote Debugging
|
||||
@cindex remote debugging
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -4222,7 +4020,7 @@ the @file{README} file in the GDB distribution for more information.
|
|||
For details of the communication protocol, see the comments in the GDB
|
||||
source file @file{remote.c}.
|
||||
|
||||
@node Remote Commands, GDB Bugs, Remote, Remote
|
||||
@node Remote Commands, , Remote, Remote
|
||||
@section Commands for Remote Debugging
|
||||
|
||||
To start remote debugging, first run GDB and specify as an executable file
|
||||
|
|
@ -4254,7 +4052,7 @@ has been equipped with a circuit to perform a hard reset (or some other
|
|||
interesting action) when a break is detected.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@node GDB Bugs, , Remote Commands, Top
|
||||
@node GDB Bugs, Installing GDB, Remote, Top
|
||||
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
|
||||
@chapter Reporting Bugs in GDB
|
||||
@cindex Bugs in GDB
|
||||
|
|
@ -4271,12 +4069,11 @@ In order for a bug report to serve its purpose, you must include the
|
|||
information that makes for fixing the bug.
|
||||
|
||||
@menu
|
||||
* Criteria: Bug Criteria. Have you really found a bug?
|
||||
* Reporting: Bug Reporting. How to report a bug effectively.
|
||||
* Known: Trouble. Known problems.
|
||||
* Bug Criteria:: Have You Found a Bug?
|
||||
* Bug Reporting:: How to Report Bugs
|
||||
@end menu
|
||||
|
||||
@node Bug Criteria, Bug Reporting, Bugs, Bugs
|
||||
@node Bug Criteria, Bug Reporting, GDB Bugs, GDB Bugs
|
||||
@section Have You Found a Bug?
|
||||
@cindex Bug Criteria
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -4305,7 +4102,7 @@ If you are an experienced user of debugging tools, your suggestions
|
|||
for improvement of GDB are welcome in any case.
|
||||
@end itemize
|
||||
|
||||
@node Bug Reporting,, Bug Criteria, Bugs
|
||||
@node Bug Reporting, , Bug Criteria, GDB Bugs
|
||||
@section How to Report Bugs
|
||||
@cindex Bug Reports
|
||||
@cindex Compiler Bugs, Reporting
|
||||
|
|
@ -4493,7 +4290,7 @@ things without first using the debugger to find the facts.
|
|||
@include readline/inc-history.texinfo
|
||||
@end iftex
|
||||
|
||||
@node Installing GDB, , ,Top
|
||||
@node Installing GDB, License, GDB Bugs, Top
|
||||
@appendix Installing GDB
|
||||
@cindex configuring GDB
|
||||
@cindex installation
|
||||
|
|
@ -4539,7 +4336,305 @@ path to the GDB source.
|
|||
Display a list of supported target environments for GDB.
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@node Commands, Concepts, Remote, Top
|
||||
@node License, Commands, Installing GDB, Top
|
||||
@unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
|
||||
@center Version 1, February 1989
|
||||
|
||||
@display
|
||||
Copyright @copyright{} 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
|
||||
|
||||
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
||||
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
||||
@end display
|
||||
|
||||
@unnumberedsec Preamble
|
||||
|
||||
The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users
|
||||
at the mercy of those companies. By contrast, our General Public
|
||||
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
|
||||
software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. The
|
||||
General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's
|
||||
software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.
|
||||
You can use it for your programs, too.
|
||||
|
||||
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
|
||||
price. Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make
|
||||
sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free
|
||||
software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it,
|
||||
that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free
|
||||
programs; and that you know you can do these things.
|
||||
|
||||
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
|
||||
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
|
||||
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
|
||||
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether
|
||||
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
|
||||
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
|
||||
source code. And you must tell them their rights.
|
||||
|
||||
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
|
||||
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
|
||||
distribute and/or modify the software.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
|
||||
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
|
||||
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
|
||||
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
|
||||
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
|
||||
authors' reputations.
|
||||
|
||||
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
|
||||
modification follow.
|
||||
|
||||
@iftex
|
||||
@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
@end iftex
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
|
||||
@enumerate
|
||||
@item
|
||||
This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which
|
||||
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be
|
||||
distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The
|
||||
``Program'', below, refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based
|
||||
on the Program'' means either the Program or any work containing the
|
||||
Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications. Each
|
||||
licensee is addressed as ``you''.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
|
||||
code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
|
||||
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
|
||||
disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this
|
||||
General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any
|
||||
other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License
|
||||
along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of
|
||||
transferring a copy.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
|
||||
it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph
|
||||
1 above, provided that you also do the following:
|
||||
|
||||
@itemize @bullet
|
||||
@item
|
||||
cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that
|
||||
you changed the files and the date of any change; and
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that
|
||||
in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either
|
||||
with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all
|
||||
third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except
|
||||
that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all
|
||||
third parties, at your option).
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
|
||||
run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use
|
||||
in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an
|
||||
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice
|
||||
that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a
|
||||
warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these
|
||||
conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General
|
||||
Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a
|
||||
copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in
|
||||
exchange for a fee.
|
||||
@end itemize
|
||||
|
||||
Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its
|
||||
derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring
|
||||
the other work under the scope of these terms.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of
|
||||
it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
|
||||
Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
|
||||
|
||||
@itemize @bullet
|
||||
@item
|
||||
accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
|
||||
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
|
||||
Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
|
||||
years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge
|
||||
for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the
|
||||
corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of
|
||||
Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
accompany it with the information you received as to where the
|
||||
corresponding source code may be obtained. (This alternative is
|
||||
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
|
||||
received the program in object code or executable form alone.)
|
||||
@end itemize
|
||||
|
||||
Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
|
||||
modifications to it. For an executable file, complete source code means
|
||||
all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special
|
||||
exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard
|
||||
libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable
|
||||
file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that
|
||||
accompany that operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the
|
||||
Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License.
|
||||
Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer
|
||||
the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use
|
||||
the Program under this License. However, parties who have received
|
||||
copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public
|
||||
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
|
||||
remain in full compliance.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based
|
||||
on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so,
|
||||
and all its terms and conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
|
||||
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original
|
||||
licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these
|
||||
terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the
|
||||
recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
|
||||
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
|
||||
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
|
||||
address new problems or concerns.
|
||||
|
||||
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
|
||||
specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and ``any
|
||||
later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions
|
||||
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
|
||||
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
|
||||
the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
|
||||
Foundation.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
|
||||
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
|
||||
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
|
||||
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
|
||||
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
|
||||
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
|
||||
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
|
||||
|
||||
@iftex
|
||||
@heading NO WARRANTY
|
||||
@end iftex
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@center NO WARRANTY
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
|
||||
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
|
||||
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
|
||||
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
|
||||
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
||||
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
|
||||
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
|
||||
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
|
||||
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL
|
||||
ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
|
||||
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
|
||||
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
|
||||
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT
|
||||
LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES
|
||||
SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE
|
||||
WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
|
||||
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
|
||||
@end enumerate
|
||||
|
||||
@iftex
|
||||
@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
@end iftex
|
||||
@ifinfo
|
||||
@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
||||
@end ifinfo
|
||||
|
||||
@page
|
||||
@unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
|
||||
|
||||
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
|
||||
possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it
|
||||
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
|
||||
terms.
|
||||
|
||||
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
|
||||
attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey
|
||||
the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
|
||||
``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
|
||||
Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
|
||||
|
||||
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||||
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||||
the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
|
||||
any later version.
|
||||
|
||||
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
||||
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||||
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
||||
GNU General Public License for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||||
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
|
||||
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
|
||||
|
||||
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
|
||||
when it starts in an interactive mode:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
|
||||
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
|
||||
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
|
||||
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
|
||||
appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
|
||||
commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show
|
||||
c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever suits your
|
||||
program.
|
||||
|
||||
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
|
||||
school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
|
||||
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
|
||||
|
||||
@smallexample
|
||||
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
|
||||
program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes
|
||||
at assemblers) written by James Hacker.
|
||||
|
||||
@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
|
||||
Ty Coon, President of Vice
|
||||
@end smallexample
|
||||
|
||||
That's all there is to it!
|
||||
|
||||
@node Commands, Concepts, License, Top
|
||||
@unnumbered Command Index
|
||||
|
||||
@printindex ky
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue