While hunting a preemption issue with Alexander, Ben noticed that the
currently generic PREEMPT_NEED_RESCHED stuff is horribly broken for
load-store architectures.
We currently rely on the IPI to fold TIF_NEED_RESCHED into
PREEMPT_NEED_RESCHED, but when this IPI lands while we already have
a load for the preempt-count but before the store, the store will erase
the PREEMPT_NEED_RESCHED change.
The current preempt-count only works on load-store archs because
interrupts are assumed to be completely balanced wrt their preempt_count
fiddling; the previous preempt_count load will match the preempt_count
state after the interrupt and therefore nothing gets lost.
This patch removes the PREEMPT_NEED_RESCHED usage from generic code and
pushes it into x86 arch code; the generic code goes back to relying on
TIF_NEED_RESCHED.
Boot tested on x86_64 and compile tested on ppc64.
Reported-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Reported-and-Tested-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131128132641.GP10022@twins.programming.kicks-ass.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"Various smaller fixlets, all over the place"
* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched/doc: Fix generation of device-drivers
sched: Expose preempt_schedule_irq()
sched: Fix a trivial typo in comments
sched: Remove unused variable in 'struct sched_domain'
sched: Avoid NULL dereference on sd_busy
sched: Check sched_domain before computing group power
MAINTAINERS: Update file patterns in the lockdep and scheduler entries
Pull irq cleanups from Ingo Molnar:
"This is a multi-arch cleanup series from Thomas Gleixner, which we
kept to near the end of the merge window, to not interfere with
architecture updates.
This series (motivated by the -rt kernel) unifies more aspects of IRQ
handling and generalizes PREEMPT_ACTIVE"
* 'irq-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
preempt: Make PREEMPT_ACTIVE generic
sparc: Use preempt_schedule_irq
ia64: Use preempt_schedule_irq
m32r: Use preempt_schedule_irq
hardirq: Make hardirq bits generic
m68k: Simplify low level interrupt handling code
genirq: Prevent spurious detection for unconditionally polled interrupts
side: the HV and emulation flavors can now coexist in a single kernel
is probably the most interesting change from a user point of view.
On the x86 side there are nested virtualization improvements and a
few bugfixes. ARM got transparent huge page support, improved
overcommit, and support for big endian guests.
Finally, there is a new interface to connect KVM with VFIO. This
helps with devices that use NoSnoop PCI transactions, letting the
driver in the guest execute WBINVD instructions. This includes
some nVidia cards on Windows, that fail to start without these
patches and the corresponding userspace changes.
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Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm
Pull KVM changes from Paolo Bonzini:
"Here are the 3.13 KVM changes. There was a lot of work on the PPC
side: the HV and emulation flavors can now coexist in a single kernel
is probably the most interesting change from a user point of view.
On the x86 side there are nested virtualization improvements and a few
bugfixes.
ARM got transparent huge page support, improved overcommit, and
support for big endian guests.
Finally, there is a new interface to connect KVM with VFIO. This
helps with devices that use NoSnoop PCI transactions, letting the
driver in the guest execute WBINVD instructions. This includes some
nVidia cards on Windows, that fail to start without these patches and
the corresponding userspace changes"
* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (146 commits)
kvm, vmx: Fix lazy FPU on nested guest
arm/arm64: KVM: PSCI: propagate caller endianness to the incoming vcpu
arm/arm64: KVM: MMIO support for BE guest
kvm, cpuid: Fix sparse warning
kvm: Delete prototype for non-existent function kvm_check_iopl
kvm: Delete prototype for non-existent function complete_pio
hung_task: add method to reset detector
pvclock: detect watchdog reset at pvclock read
kvm: optimize out smp_mb after srcu_read_unlock
srcu: API for barrier after srcu read unlock
KVM: remove vm mmap method
KVM: IOMMU: hva align mapping page size
KVM: x86: trace cpuid emulation when called from emulator
KVM: emulator: cleanup decode_register_operand() a bit
KVM: emulator: check rex prefix inside decode_register()
KVM: x86: fix emulation of "movzbl %bpl, %eax"
kvm_host: typo fix
KVM: x86: emulate SAHF instruction
MAINTAINERS: add tree for kvm.git
Documentation/kvm: add a 00-INDEX file
...
The get_dumpable() return value is not boolean. Most users of the
function actually want to be testing for non-SUID_DUMP_USER(1) rather than
SUID_DUMP_DISABLE(0). The SUID_DUMP_ROOT(2) is also considered a
protected state. Almost all places did this correctly, excepting the two
places fixed in this patch.
Wrong logic:
if (dumpable == SUID_DUMP_DISABLE) { /* be protective */ }
or
if (dumpable == 0) { /* be protective */ }
or
if (!dumpable) { /* be protective */ }
Correct logic:
if (dumpable != SUID_DUMP_USER) { /* be protective */ }
or
if (dumpable != 1) { /* be protective */ }
Without this patch, if the system had set the sysctl fs/suid_dumpable=2, a
user was able to ptrace attach to processes that had dropped privileges to
that user. (This may have been partially mitigated if Yama was enabled.)
The macros have been moved into the file that declares get/set_dumpable(),
which means things like the ia64 code can see them too.
CVE-2013-2929
Reported-by: Vasily Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
fpu_counter in task_struct was used only by sh/x86. Both of these now
carry it in ARCH specific thread_struct, hence this can now be removed
from generic task_struct, shrinking it slightly for other arches.
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <paul.mundt@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In certain occasions it is possible for a hung task detector
positive to be false: continuation from a paused VM, for example.
Add a method to reset detection, similar as is done
with other kernel watchdogs.
Acked-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Resolve cherry-picking conflicts:
Conflicts:
mm/huge_memory.c
mm/memory.c
mm/mprotect.c
See this upstream merge commit for more details:
52469b4fcd Merge branch 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Commit 3812c8c8f3 ("mm: memcg: do not trap chargers with full
callstack on OOM") assumed that only a few places that can trigger a
memcg OOM situation do not return VM_FAULT_OOM, like optional page cache
readahead. But there are many more and it's impractical to annotate
them all.
First of all, we don't want to invoke the OOM killer when the failed
allocation is gracefully handled, so defer the actual kill to the end of
the fault handling as well. This simplifies the code quite a bit for
added bonus.
Second, since a failed allocation might not be the abrupt end of the
fault, the memcg OOM handler needs to be re-entrant until the fault
finishes for subsequent allocation attempts. If an allocation is
attempted after the task already OOMed, allow it to bypass the limit so
that it can quickly finish the fault and invoke the OOM killer.
Reported-by: azurIt <azurit@pobox.sk>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Shared faults can lead to lots of unnecessary page migrations,
slowing down the system, and causing private faults to hit the
per-pgdat migration ratelimit.
This patch adds sysctl numa_balancing_migrate_deferred, which specifies
how many shared page migrations to skip unconditionally, after each page
migration that is skipped because it is a shared fault.
This reduces the number of page migrations back and forth in
shared fault situations. It also gives a strong preference to
the tasks that are already running where most of the memory is,
and to moving the other tasks to near the memory.
Testing this with a much higher scan rate than the default
still seems to result in fewer page migrations than before.
Memory seems to be somewhat better consolidated than previously,
with multi-instance specjbb runs on a 4 node system.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-62-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
With the scan rate code working (at least for multi-instance specjbb),
the large hammer that is "sched: Do not migrate memory immediately after
switching node" can be replaced with something smarter. Revert temporarily
migration disabling and all traces of numa_migrate_seq.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-61-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Adjust numa_scan_period in task_numa_placement, depending on how much
useful work the numa code can do. The more local faults there are in a
given scan window the longer the period (and hence the slower the scan rate)
during the next window. If there are excessive shared faults then the scan
period will decrease with the amount of scaling depending on whether the
ratio of shared/private faults. If the preferred node changes then the
scan rate is reset to recheck if the task is properly placed.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-59-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Due to the way the pid is truncated, and tasks are moved between
CPUs by the scheduler, it is possible for the current task_numa_fault
to group together tasks that do not actually share memory together.
This patch adds a few easy sanity checks to task_numa_fault, joining
tasks together if they share the same tsk->mm, or if the fault was on
a page with an elevated mapcount, in a shared VMA.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-57-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
It is possible for a task in a numa group to call exec, and
have the new (unrelated) executable inherit the numa group
association from its former self.
This has the potential to break numa grouping, and is trivial
to fix.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-51-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch uses the fraction of faults on a particular node for both task
and group, to figure out the best node to place a task. If the task and
group statistics disagree on what the preferred node should be then a full
rescan will select the node with the best combined weight.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-50-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
A newly spawned thread inside a process should stay on the same
NUMA node as its parent. This prevents processes from being "torn"
across multiple NUMA nodes every time they spawn a new thread.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-49-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
And here's a little something to make sure not the whole world ends up
in a single group.
As while we don't migrate shared executable pages, we do scan/fault on
them. And since everybody links to libc, everybody ends up in the same
group.
Suggested-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-47-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
It is desirable to model from userspace how the scheduler groups tasks
over time. This patch adds an ID to the numa_group and reports it via
/proc/PID/status.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-45-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
While parallel applications tend to align their data on the cache
boundary, they tend not to align on the page or THP boundary.
Consequently tasks that partition their data can still "false-share"
pages presenting a problem for optimal NUMA placement.
This patch uses NUMA hinting faults to chain tasks together into
numa_groups. As well as storing the NID a task was running on when
accessing a page a truncated representation of the faulting PID is
stored. If subsequent faults are from different PIDs it is reasonable
to assume that those two tasks share a page and are candidates for
being grouped together. Note that this patch makes no scheduling
decisions based on the grouping information.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-44-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Use the new stop_two_cpus() to implement migrate_swap(), a function that
flips two tasks between their respective cpus.
I'm fairly sure there's a less crude way than employing the stop_two_cpus()
method, but everything I tried either got horribly fragile and/or complex. So
keep it simple for now.
The notable detail is how we 'migrate' tasks that aren't runnable
anymore. We'll make it appear like we migrated them before they went to
sleep. The sole difference is the previous cpu in the wakeup path, so we
override this.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-39-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
When a preferred node is selected for a tasks there is an attempt to migrate
the task to a CPU there. This may fail in which case the task will only
migrate if the active load balancer takes action. This may never happen if
the conditions are not right. This patch will check at NUMA hinting fault
time if another attempt should be made to migrate the task. It will only
make an attempt once every five seconds.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-34-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Ideally it would be possible to distinguish between NUMA hinting faults
that are private to a task and those that are shared. This patch prepares
infrastructure for separately accounting shared and private faults by
allocating the necessary buffers and passing in relevant information. For
now, all faults are treated as private and detection will be introduced
later.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-26-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch favours moving tasks towards NUMA node that recorded a higher
number of NUMA faults during active load balancing. Ideally this is
self-reinforcing as the longer the task runs on that node, the more faults
it should incur causing task_numa_placement to keep the task running on that
node. In reality a big weakness is that the nodes CPUs can be overloaded
and it would be more efficient to queue tasks on an idle node and migrate
to the new node. This would require additional smarts in the balancer so
for now the balancer will simply prefer to place the task on the preferred
node for a PTE scans which is controlled by the numa_balancing_settle_count
sysctl. Once the settle_count number of scans has complete the schedule
is free to place the task on an alternative node if the load is imbalanced.
[srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com: Fixed statistics]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ Tunable and use higher faults instead of preferred. ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-23-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
NUMA hinting fault counts and placement decisions are both recorded in the
same array which distorts the samples in an unpredictable fashion. The values
linearly accumulate during the scan and then decay creating a sawtooth-like
pattern in the per-node counts. It also means that placement decisions are
time sensitive. At best it means that it is very difficult to state that
the buffer holds a decaying average of past faulting behaviour. At worst,
it can confuse the load balancer if it sees one node with an artifically high
count due to very recent faulting activity and may create a bouncing effect.
This patch adds a second array. numa_faults stores the historical data
which is used for placement decisions. numa_faults_buffer holds the
fault activity during the current scan window. When the scan completes,
numa_faults decays and the values from numa_faults_buffer are copied
across.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-22-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch selects a preferred node for a task to run on based on the
NUMA hinting faults. This information is later used to migrate tasks
towards the node during balancing.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-21-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch tracks what nodes numa hinting faults were incurred on.
This information is later used to schedule a task on the node storing
the pages most frequently faulted by the task.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-20-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The NUMA PTE scan rate is controlled with a combination of the
numa_balancing_scan_period_min, numa_balancing_scan_period_max and
numa_balancing_scan_size. This scan rate is independent of the size
of the task and as an aside it is further complicated by the fact that
numa_balancing_scan_size controls how many pages are marked pte_numa and
not how much virtual memory is scanned.
In combination, it is almost impossible to meaningfully tune the min and
max scan periods and reasoning about performance is complex when the time
to complete a full scan is is partially a function of the tasks memory
size. This patch alters the semantic of the min and max tunables to be
about tuning the length time it takes to complete a scan of a tasks occupied
virtual address space. Conceptually this is a lot easier to understand. There
is a "sanity" check to ensure the scan rate is never extremely fast based on
the amount of virtual memory that should be scanned in a second. The default
of 2.5G seems arbitrary but it is to have the maximum scan rate after the
patch roughly match the maximum scan rate before the patch was applied.
On a similar note, numa_scan_period is in milliseconds and not
jiffies. Properly placed pages slow the scanning rate but adding 10 jiffies
to numa_scan_period means that the rate scanning slows depends on HZ which
is confusing. Get rid of the jiffies_to_msec conversion and treat it as ms.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-18-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Yuanhan reported a serious throughput regression in his pigz
benchmark. Using the ftrace patch I found that several idle
paths need more TLC before we can switch the generic
need_resched() over to preempt_need_resched.
The preemption paths benefit most from preempt_need_resched and
do indeed use it; all other need_resched() users don't really
care that much so reverting need_resched() back to
tif_need_resched() is the simple and safe solution.
Reported-by: Yuanhan Liu <yuanhan.liu@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: lkp@linux.intel.com
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130927153003.GF15690@laptop.programming.kicks-ass.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
When using per-cpu preempt_count variables we need to save/restore the
preempt_count on context switch (into per task storage; for instance
the old thread_info::preempt_count variable) because of
PREEMPT_ACTIVE.
However, this means that on fork() the preempt_count value of the last
context switch gets copied and if we had a PREEMPT_ACTIVE switch right
before cloning a child task the child task will now too have
PREEMPT_ACTIVE set and start its life with an extra PREEMPT_ACTIVE
count.
Therefore we need to make init_task_preempt_count() unconditional;
this resets whatever preempt_count we inherited from our parent
process.
Doing so for !per-cpu implementations is harmless.
For !PREEMPT_COUNT kernels we need to be careful not to start life
with an increased preempt_count.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-4k0b7oy1rcdyzochwiixuwi9@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Rewrite the preempt_count macros in order to extract the 3 basic
preempt_count value modifiers:
__preempt_count_add()
__preempt_count_sub()
and the new:
__preempt_count_dec_and_test()
And since we're at it anyway, replace the unconventional
$op_preempt_count names with the more conventional preempt_count_$op.
Since these basic operators are equivalent to the previous _notrace()
variants, do away with the _notrace() versions.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-ewbpdbupy9xpsjhg960zwbv8@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
In order to combine the preemption and need_resched test we need to
fold the need_resched information into the preempt_count value.
Since the NEED_RESCHED flag is set across CPUs this needs to be an
atomic operation, however we very much want to avoid making
preempt_count atomic, therefore we keep the existing TIF_NEED_RESCHED
infrastructure in place but at 3 sites test it and fold its value into
preempt_count; namely:
- resched_task() when setting TIF_NEED_RESCHED on the current task
- scheduler_ipi() when resched_task() sets TIF_NEED_RESCHED on a
remote task it follows it up with a reschedule IPI
and we can modify the cpu local preempt_count from
there.
- cpu_idle_loop() for when resched_task() found tsk_is_polling().
We use an inverted bitmask to indicate need_resched so that a 0 means
both need_resched and !atomic.
Also remove the barrier() in preempt_enable() between
preempt_enable_no_resched() and preempt_check_resched() to avoid
having to reload the preemption value and allow the compiler to use
the flags of the previuos decrement. I couldn't come up with any sane
reason for this barrier() to be there as preempt_enable_no_resched()
already has a barrier() before doing the decrement.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-7a7m5qqbn5pmwnd4wko9u6da@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Mike reported that commit 7d1a9417 ("x86: Use generic idle loop")
regressed several workloads and caused excessive reschedule
interrupts.
The patch in question failed to notice that the x86 code had an
inverted sense of the polling state versus the new generic code (x86:
default polling, generic: default !polling).
Fix the two prominent x86 mwait based idle drivers and introduce a few
new generic polling helpers (fixing the wrong smp_mb__after_clear_bit
usage).
Also switch the idle routines to using tif_need_resched() which is an
immediate TIF_NEED_RESCHED test as opposed to need_resched which will
end up being slightly different.
Reported-by: Mike Galbraith <bitbucket@online.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: lenb@kernel.org
Cc: tglx@linutronix.de
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-nc03imb0etuefmzybzj7sprf@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch builds on patch 2 and periodically decays that max value to
do idle balancing per sched domain by approximately 1% per second. Also
decay the rq's max_idle_balance_cost value.
Signed-off-by: Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1379096813-3032-4-git-send-email-jason.low2@hp.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
In this patch, we keep track of the max cost we spend doing idle load balancing
for each sched domain. If the avg time the CPU remains idle is less then the
time we have already spent on idle balancing + the max cost of idle balancing
in the sched domain, then we don't continue to attempt the balance. We also
keep a per rq variable, max_idle_balance_cost, which keeps track of the max
time spent on newidle load balances throughout all its domains so that we can
determine the avg_idle's max value.
By using the max, we avoid overrunning the average. This further reduces the
chance we attempt balancing when the CPU is not idle for longer than the cost
to balance.
Signed-off-by: Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1379096813-3032-3-git-send-email-jason.low2@hp.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The memcg OOM handling is incredibly fragile and can deadlock. When a
task fails to charge memory, it invokes the OOM killer and loops right
there in the charge code until it succeeds. Comparably, any other task
that enters the charge path at this point will go to a waitqueue right
then and there and sleep until the OOM situation is resolved. The problem
is that these tasks may hold filesystem locks and the mmap_sem; locks that
the selected OOM victim may need to exit.
For example, in one reported case, the task invoking the OOM killer was
about to charge a page cache page during a write(), which holds the
i_mutex. The OOM killer selected a task that was just entering truncate()
and trying to acquire the i_mutex:
OOM invoking task:
mem_cgroup_handle_oom+0x241/0x3b0
mem_cgroup_cache_charge+0xbe/0xe0
add_to_page_cache_locked+0x4c/0x140
add_to_page_cache_lru+0x22/0x50
grab_cache_page_write_begin+0x8b/0xe0
ext3_write_begin+0x88/0x270
generic_file_buffered_write+0x116/0x290
__generic_file_aio_write+0x27c/0x480
generic_file_aio_write+0x76/0xf0 # takes ->i_mutex
do_sync_write+0xea/0x130
vfs_write+0xf3/0x1f0
sys_write+0x51/0x90
system_call_fastpath+0x18/0x1d
OOM kill victim:
do_truncate+0x58/0xa0 # takes i_mutex
do_last+0x250/0xa30
path_openat+0xd7/0x440
do_filp_open+0x49/0xa0
do_sys_open+0x106/0x240
sys_open+0x20/0x30
system_call_fastpath+0x18/0x1d
The OOM handling task will retry the charge indefinitely while the OOM
killed task is not releasing any resources.
A similar scenario can happen when the kernel OOM killer for a memcg is
disabled and a userspace task is in charge of resolving OOM situations.
In this case, ALL tasks that enter the OOM path will be made to sleep on
the OOM waitqueue and wait for userspace to free resources or increase
the group's limit. But a userspace OOM handler is prone to deadlock
itself on the locks held by the waiting tasks. For example one of the
sleeping tasks may be stuck in a brk() call with the mmap_sem held for
writing but the userspace handler, in order to pick an optimal victim,
may need to read files from /proc/<pid>, which tries to acquire the same
mmap_sem for reading and deadlocks.
This patch changes the way tasks behave after detecting a memcg OOM and
makes sure nobody loops or sleeps with locks held:
1. When OOMing in a user fault, invoke the OOM killer and restart the
fault instead of looping on the charge attempt. This way, the OOM
victim can not get stuck on locks the looping task may hold.
2. When OOMing in a user fault but somebody else is handling it
(either the kernel OOM killer or a userspace handler), don't go to
sleep in the charge context. Instead, remember the OOMing memcg in
the task struct and then fully unwind the page fault stack with
-ENOMEM. pagefault_out_of_memory() will then call back into the
memcg code to check if the -ENOMEM came from the memcg, and then
either put the task to sleep on the memcg's OOM waitqueue or just
restart the fault. The OOM victim can no longer get stuck on any
lock a sleeping task may hold.
Debugged by Michal Hocko.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: azurIt <azurit@pobox.sk>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
System calls and kernel faults (uaccess, gup) can handle an out of memory
situation gracefully and just return -ENOMEM.
Enable the memcg OOM killer only for user faults, where it's really the
only option available.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: azurIt <azurit@pobox.sk>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
task_struct->pid/tgid should go away.
1. Change same_thread_group() to use task->signal for comparison.
2. Change has_group_leader_pid(task) to compare task_pid(task) with
signal->leader_pid.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Sergey Dyasly <dserrg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull KVM updates from Gleb Natapov:
"The highlights of the release are nested EPT and pv-ticketlocks
support (hypervisor part, guest part, which is most of the code, goes
through tip tree). Apart of that there are many fixes for all arches"
Fix up semantic conflicts as discussed in the pull request thread..
* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (88 commits)
ARM: KVM: Add newlines to panic strings
ARM: KVM: Work around older compiler bug
ARM: KVM: Simplify tracepoint text
ARM: KVM: Fix kvm_set_pte assignment
ARM: KVM: vgic: Bump VGIC_NR_IRQS to 256
ARM: KVM: Bugfix: vgic_bytemap_get_reg per cpu regs
ARM: KVM: vgic: fix GICD_ICFGRn access
ARM: KVM: vgic: simplify vgic_get_target_reg
KVM: MMU: remove unused parameter
KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: Rework kvmppc_mmu_book3s_64_xlate()
KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: Make instruction fetch fallback work for system calls
KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: Don't corrupt guest state when kernel uses VMX
KVM: x86: update masterclock when kvmclock_offset is calculated (v2)
KVM: PPC: Book3S: Fix compile error in XICS emulation
KVM: PPC: Book3S PR: return appropriate error when allocation fails
arch: powerpc: kvm: add signed type cast for comparation
KVM: x86: add comments where MMIO does not return to the emulator
KVM: vmx: count exits to userspace during invalid guest emulation
KVM: rename __kvm_io_bus_sort_cmp to kvm_io_bus_cmp
kvm: optimize away THP checks in kvm_is_mmio_pfn()
...
This reverts commit df54d6fa54.
The commit isn't necessarily wrong, but because it recalculates the
random mmap_base every time, it seems to confuse user memory allocators
that expect contiguous mmap allocations even when the mmap address isn't
specified.
In particular, the MATLAB Java runtime seems to be unhappy. See
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60774
So we'll want to apply the random offset only once, and Radu has a patch
for that. Revert this older commit in order to apply the other one.
Reported-by: Jeff Shorey <shoreyjeff@gmail.com>
Cc: Radu Caragea <sinaelgl@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'v3.11-rc5' into perf/core
Merge Linux 3.11-rc5, to sync up with the latest upstream fixes since -rc1.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Merge a bunch of fixes from Andrew Morton.
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>:
fs/proc/task_mmu.c: fix buffer overflow in add_page_map()
arch: *: Kconfig: add "kernel/Kconfig.freezer" to "arch/*/Kconfig"
ocfs2: fix null pointer dereference in ocfs2_dir_foreach_blk_id()
x86 get_unmapped_area(): use proper mmap base for bottom-up direction
ocfs2: fix NULL pointer dereference in ocfs2_duplicate_clusters_by_page
ocfs2: Revert 40bd62e to avoid regression in extended allocation
drivers/rtc/rtc-stmp3xxx.c: provide timeout for potentially endless loop polling a HW bit
hugetlb: fix lockdep splat caused by pmd sharing
aoe: adjust ref of head for compound page tails
microblaze: fix clone syscall
mm: save soft-dirty bits on file pages
mm: save soft-dirty bits on swapped pages
memcg: don't initialize kmem-cache destroying work for root caches
When the stack is set to unlimited, the bottomup direction is used for
mmap-ings but the mmap_base is not used and thus effectively renders
ASLR for mmapings along with PIE useless.
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Adrian Sendroiu <molecula2788@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"Docbook fixes that make 99% of the diffstat, plus a oneliner fix"
* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
sched: Ensure update_cfs_shares() is called for parents of continuously-running tasks
sched: Fix some kernel-doc warnings
Calling freeze_processes sets a global flag that will cause any
process that calls try_to_freeze to enter the refrigerator. It
skips sending a signal to the current task, but if the current
task ever hits try_to_freeze, all threads will be frozen and the
system will deadlock.
Set a new flag, PF_SUSPEND_TASK, on the task that calls
freeze_processes. The flag notifies the freezer that the thread
is involved in suspend and should not be frozen. Also add a
WARN_ON in thaw_processes if the caller does not have the
PF_SUSPEND_TASK flag set to catch if a different task calls
thaw_processes than the one that called freeze_processes, leaving
a task with PF_SUSPEND_TASK permanently set on it.
Threads that spawn off a task with PF_SUSPEND_TASK set (which
swsusp does) will also have PF_SUSPEND_TASK set, preventing them
from freezing while they are helping with suspend, but they need
to be dead by the time suspend is triggered, otherwise they may
run when userspace is expected to be frozen. Add a WARN_ON in
thaw_processes if more than one thread has the PF_SUSPEND_TASK
flag set.
Reported-and-tested-by: Michael Leun <lkml20130126@newton.leun.net>
Signed-off-by: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
The wake-affine scheduler feature is currently always trying to pull
the wakee close to the waker. In theory this should be beneficial if
the waker's CPU caches hot data for the wakee, and it's also beneficial
in the extreme ping-pong high context switch rate case.
Testing shows it can benefit hackbench up to 15%.
However, the feature is somewhat blind, from which some workloads
such as pgbench suffer. It's also time-consuming algorithmically.
Testing shows it can damage pgbench up to 50% - far more than the
benefit it brings in the best case.
So wake-affine should be smarter and it should realize when to
stop its thankless effort at trying to find a suitable CPU to wake on.
This patch introduces 'wakee_flips', which will be increased each
time the task flips (switches) its wakee target.
So a high 'wakee_flips' value means the task has more than one
wakee, and the bigger the number, the higher the wakeup frequency.
Now when making the decision on whether to pull or not, pay attention to
the wakee with a high 'wakee_flips', pulling such a task may benefit
the wakee. Also imply that the waker will face cruel competition later,
it could be very cruel or very fast depends on the story behind
'wakee_flips', waker therefore suffers.
Furthermore, if waker also has a high 'wakee_flips', that implies that
multiple tasks rely on it, then waker's higher latency will damage all
of them, so pulling wakee seems to be a bad deal.
Thus, when 'waker->wakee_flips / wakee->wakee_flips' becomes
higher and higher, the cost of pulling seems to be worse and worse.
The patch therefore helps the wake-affine feature to stop its pulling
work when:
wakee->wakee_flips > factor &&
waker->wakee_flips > (factor * wakee->wakee_flips)
The 'factor' here is the number of CPUs in the current CPU's NUMA node,
so a bigger node will lead to more pulling since the trial becomes more
severe.
After applying the patch, pgbench shows up to 40% improvements and no regressions.
Tested with 12 cpu x86 server and tip 3.10.0-rc7.
The percentages in the final column highlight the areas with the biggest wins,
all other areas improved as well:
pgbench base smart
| db_size | clients | tps | | tps |
+---------+---------+-------+ +-------+
| 22 MB | 1 | 10598 | | 10796 |
| 22 MB | 2 | 21257 | | 21336 |
| 22 MB | 4 | 41386 | | 41622 |
| 22 MB | 8 | 51253 | | 57932 |
| 22 MB | 12 | 48570 | | 54000 |
| 22 MB | 16 | 46748 | | 55982 | +19.75%
| 22 MB | 24 | 44346 | | 55847 | +25.93%
| 22 MB | 32 | 43460 | | 54614 | +25.66%
| 7484 MB | 1 | 8951 | | 9193 |
| 7484 MB | 2 | 19233 | | 19240 |
| 7484 MB | 4 | 37239 | | 37302 |
| 7484 MB | 8 | 46087 | | 50018 |
| 7484 MB | 12 | 42054 | | 48763 |
| 7484 MB | 16 | 40765 | | 51633 | +26.66%
| 7484 MB | 24 | 37651 | | 52377 | +39.11%
| 7484 MB | 32 | 37056 | | 51108 | +37.92%
| 15 GB | 1 | 8845 | | 9104 |
| 15 GB | 2 | 19094 | | 19162 |
| 15 GB | 4 | 36979 | | 36983 |
| 15 GB | 8 | 46087 | | 49977 |
| 15 GB | 12 | 41901 | | 48591 |
| 15 GB | 16 | 40147 | | 50651 | +26.16%
| 15 GB | 24 | 37250 | | 52365 | +40.58%
| 15 GB | 32 | 36470 | | 50015 | +37.14%
Signed-off-by: Michael Wang <wangyun@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/51D50057.9000809@linux.vnet.ibm.com
[ Improved the changelog. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Linux as a guest on KVM hypervisor, the only user of the pvclock
vsyscall interface, does not require notification on task migration
because:
1. cpu ID number maps 1:1 to per-CPU pvclock time info.
2. per-CPU pvclock time info is updated if the
underlying CPU changes.
3. that version is increased whenever underlying CPU
changes.
Which is sufficient to guarantee nanoseconds counter
is calculated properly.
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Peter Zijlstra
Linus Torvalds
Alex Shi
Thomas Gleixner
Kees Cook
Vineet Gupta
Marcelo Tosatti
Ingo Molnar
Johannes Weiner
Rik van Riel
Mel Gorman
Jason Low
Oleg Nesterov
Radu Caragea
Colin Cross
Michael Wang