Currently, qcow2_check_metadata_overlap uses bdrv_read to read inactive
L1 tables from disk. The number of sectors to read is calculated through
a truncating integer division, therefore, if the L1 table size is not a
multiple of the sector size, the final entries will not be read and
their entries in memory remain undefined (from the g_malloc).
Using bdrv_pread fixes this.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
CHECK_OFLAG_COPIED as a parameter to check_refcounts_l1 and
check_refcounts_l2 is obselete now, since the OFLAG_COPIED consistency
check is actually no longer performed by these functions (but by
check_oflag_copied).
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
If an inactive L1 table is loaded from disk, its entries are in big
endian and have to be converted to host byte order before using them.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
When trying to update the refcounts for a snapshot, the return value of
update_refcount on a compressed cluster was pretty much ignored,
cancelling the update on error but returning 0. This is caused by an
inner "ret" variable shadowing the outer one (the latter is used in the
return statement).
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Add functionality for expanding zero clusters. This is necessary for
downgrading the image version to one without zero cluster support.
For non-backed images, this function may also just discard zero clusters
instead of truly expanding them.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
If the refcount of a refcount block is greater than one, we can at least
try to repair that problem by duplicating the affected block.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Since the OFLAG_COPIED checks are now executed after the refcounts have
been repaired (if repairing), it is safe to assume that they are correct
but the OFLAG_COPIED flag may be not. Therefore, if its value differs
from what it should be (considering the according refcount), that
discrepancy can be repaired by correctly setting (or clearing that flag.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Move the OFLAG_COPIED checks out of check_refcounts_l1 and
check_refcounts_l2 and after the actual refcount checks/fixes (since the
refcounts might actually change there).
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Two new functions are added; the first one checks a given range in the
image file for overlaps with metadata (main header, L1 tables, L2
tables, refcount table and blocks).
The second one should be used immediately before writing to the image
file as it calls the first function and, upon collision, marks the
image as corrupt and makes the BDS unusable, thereby preventing
further access.
Both functions take a bitmask argument specifying the structures which
should be checked for overlaps, making it possible to also check
metadata writes against colliding with other structures.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Account for all cluster types in qcow2_update_snapshot_refcounts;
this prevents this function from updating the refcount of unallocated
zero clusters which effectively led to wrong adjustments of the refcount
of cluster 0 (the main qcow2 header). This in turn resulted in images
with (unallocated) zero clusters having a cluster 0 refcount greater
than one after creating a snapshot.
Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This optimises the discard operation for freed clusters by batching
discard requests (both snapshot deletion and bdrv_discard end up
updating the refcounts cluster by cluster).
Note that we don't discard asynchronously, but keep s->lock held. This
is to avoid that a freed cluster is reallocated and written to while the
discard is still in flight.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Deleted snapshots are discarded in the image file by default, discard
requests take their default from the -drive discard=... option and other
places that free clusters must always be enabled explicitly.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This adds a refcount update reason to all callers of update_refcounts(),
so that a follow-up patch can use this information to decide whether
clusters that reach a refcount of 0 should be discarded in the image
file.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
It ignored the error code, and at least the 'goto fail' is obvious
nonsense as it creates an endless loop (if the next attempt doesn't
magically succeed) and leaves the in-memory L1 table in big-endian
instead of converting it back.
In error cases, there's no point in writing an updated L1 table, so
skip this part for them.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This should be based on the virtual disk size, not on the size of the
image.
Interesting observation: With some VM state stored in the image file,
percentages higher than 100% are possible, even though snapshots
themselves are ignored. This is a qcow2 bug to be fixed another day: The
VM state should be discarded in the active L2 tables after completing
the snapshot creation.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
We already flush when the function completes. There is no need to flush
after every compressed cluster.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The update_cluster_refcount() function increments/decrements a cluster's
refcount and then returns the new refcount value.
There is no need to flush since both update_cluster_refcount() callers
already take care of this:
1. qcow2_alloc_bytes() calls update_cluster_refcount() when compressed
sectors will be appended to an existing cluster with enough free
space. qcow2_alloc_bytes() already flushes so there is no need to do
so in update_cluster_refcount().
2. qcow2_update_snapshot_refcount() sets a cache dependency on refcounts
if it needs to update L2 entries. It also flushes before completing.
Removing this flush significantly speeds up qcow2 snapshot creation:
$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 test.qcow2 -o size=50G,preallocation=metadata
$ time qemu-img snapshot -c new test.qcow2
Time drops from more than 3 minutes to under 1 second.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Users of qcow2_update_snapshot_refcount() do not flush consistently.
qcow2_snapshot_create() flushes but qcow2_snapshot_goto() and
qcow2_snapshot_delete() do not.
Solve this by moving the bdrv_flush() into
qcow2_update_snapshot_refcount().
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Compressed writes use qcow2_alloc_bytes() to allocate space with byte
granularity. The affected clusters' refcounts will be incremented but
we do not need to flush yet.
Set a L2 cache dependency on the refcount block cache, so that the
refcounts get written out before the L2 updates.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
update_refcount() affects the refcount cache, it does not write to disk.
Therefore bdrv_flush(bs->file) does nothing. We need to flush the
refcount cache in order to write out the refcount updates!
While we're here also add error returns when qcow2_cache_flush() fails.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The qemu-img check command can display fragmentation statistics:
* Total number of clusters in virtual disk
* Number of allocated clusters
* Number of fragmented clusters
This patch adds fragmentation statistics support to qcow2.
Compressed and normal clusters count as allocated. Zero clusters are
not counted as allocated unless their L2 entry has a non-zero offset
(e.g. preallocation).
Only the current L1 table counts towards the statistics - snapshots are
ignored.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
The check_refcounts_l1/l2() functions have a check_copied argument to
check that the QCOW_O_COPIED flag is consistent with refcount == 1.
This should be a bool, not an int.
However, the next patch introduces qcow2 fragmentation statistics and
also needs to pass an option to check_refcounts_l1/l2(). This is a good
opportunity to use an int flags field.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
This patch adds the support for reporting the image end offset (in
bytes). This is particularly useful after a conversion (or a rebase)
where the destination is a block device in order to find the first
unused byte at the end of the image.
Signed-off-by: Federico Simoncelli <fsimonce@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Once upon a time, it was decided that qemu_malloc(0) should abort.
Switching to glib retired that bright idea. Some code that was added
to cope with it (e.g. in commits 702ef63, b76b6e9) is still around.
Bury it.
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
A missing factor for the refcount table entry size in the calculation
could mean that too little memory was allocated for the in-memory
representation of the table, resulting in a buffer overflow.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Tested-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
When qcow2_alloc_clusters() error handling code was introduced in commit
5d757b563d, the value of free_byte_offset
was clobbered in the error case. This patch keeps free_byte_offset at 0
so we will try to allocate clusters again next time this function is
called.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Writethrough does not need special-casing anymore in the qcow2 caches.
The block layer adds flushes after every guest-initiated data write,
and these will also flush the qcow2 caches to the OS.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Zhi Yong Wu <wuzhy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Also don't infer the cluster type directly from the L2 entries, but use
qcow2_get_cluster_type() to keep everything in a single place.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Zero clusters will add another cluster type. Refactor the open-coded
cluster type detection into a switch of QCOW2_CLUSTER_* options so that
the detection is in a single place. This makes it easier to add new
cluster types.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This changes the still existing places that assume that the only flags
are QCOW_OFLAG_COPIED and QCOW_OFLAG_COMPRESSED to properly mask out
reserved bits.
It does not convert bdrv_check yet.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Refcount block allocation and refcount table growth rely on
s->free_cluster_index pointing to somewhere after the current
allocation. Change qcow2_alloc_cluster_at() to fulfill this
assumption.
Without this change it could happen that a newly allocated refcount
block and the allocated data block point to the same area in the image
file, causing data corruption in the long run.
This fixes a bug that became first visible after commit 250196f1.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Someone forgot something in commit 29c1a730... Documenting the right
return value is not enough, you also need to actually return it in the
code.
This bug sometimes causes error return values even when everything has
succeeded: The new offset of the refcount block is truncated to 32 bits
and interpreted as signed. At least with small cluster sizes it's easy
to get a negative return value this way.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
This function allows to allocate clusters at a given offset in the image
file. This is useful if you want to allocate the second part of an area
that must be contiguous.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The refcount updates must be moved so that in the worst case we can get
cluster leaks, but refcounts may never be too low.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
In snapshotting there is no guest involved, so we can safely use a writeback
mode and do the flushes in the right place (i.e. at the very end). This
improves the time that creating/restoring an internal snapshot takes with an
image in writethrough mode.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This fixes memory leaks that may be caused by I/O errors during L1 table growth
(can happen during save_vm) and in qemu-img check.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The code changed here is an unused data type name (evt_flush_occurred).
Signed-off-by: Stefan Weil <weil@mail.berlios.de>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Variables l2_modified and l2_size are not really used, remove them.
Spotted by GCC 4.6.0:
CC block/qcow2-refcount.o
/src/qemu/block/qcow2-refcount.c: In function 'qcow2_update_snapshot_refcount':
/src/qemu/block/qcow2-refcount.c:708:37: error: variable 'l2_modified' set but not used [-Werror=unused-but-set-variable]
/src/qemu/block/qcow2-refcount.c:708:9: error: variable 'l2_size' set but not used [-Werror=unused-but-set-variable]
CC: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Blue Swirl <blauwirbel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The cache content may be destroyed after a failed read, better not use it any
more.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Compiling with GCC 4.6.0 20100925 produced a warning:
/src/qemu/block/qcow2-refcount.c: In function 'update_refcount':
/src/qemu/block/qcow2-refcount.c:552:13: error: variable 'dummy' set but not used [-Werror=unused-but-set-variable]
Fix by adding a dummy cast so that the result is not unused.
Acked-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Blue Swirl <blauwirbel@gmail.com>
Note that the flush is omitted intentionally in qcow2_free_clusters. If
anything, we can leak clusters here if we lose the writes.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This distinguishes between harmless leaks and real corruption. Hopefully users
better understand what qemu-img check wants to tell them.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Trying to check them leads to a second error message which is more confusing
than helpful:
Can't get refcount for cluster 0: Invalid argument
ERROR cluster 0 refcount=-22 reference=1
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
With corrupted images, we can easily get an cluster index that exceeds the
array size of the temporary refcount table.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
This fixes load_refcount_block which completely ignored the return value of
write_refcount_block and always returned -EIO for bdrv_pwrite failure.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Currently it would consider blocks for which get_refcount fails used. However,
it's unlikely that get_refcount would succeed for the next cluster, so it's not
really helpful. Return an error instead.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
get_refcount might need to load a refcount block from disk, so errors may
happen. Return the error code instead of assuming a refcount of 1 and change
the callers to respect error return values.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
After it is done with updating refcounts in the cache, update_refcount writes
all changed entries to disk. If a refcount block allocation fails, however,
there was no change yet and therefore first_index = last_index = -1. Don't
treat -1 as a normal sector index (resulting in a 512 byte write!) but return
without updating anything in this case.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Refblock allocation code needs to take into consideration that update_refcount
will load a different refcount block into the cache, so it must initialize the
cache for a new refcount block only afterwards. Not doing this means that not
only the refcount in the wrong block is updated, but also that the caller will
work on the wrong block.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
write_refcount_block_entries used to return -EIO for any errors. Change this to
return the real error code.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
While it's true that during regular operation free_clusters failure would be a
bug, an I/O error can always happen. There's no need to kill the VM, the worst
thing that can happen (and it will) is that we leak some clusters.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The i loop iterator is shadowed by the next free cluster index. Both
using the variable name 'i' makes the code harder to read.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Format drivers shouldn't need to bother with things like file names, but rather
just get an open BlockDriverState for the underlying protocol. This patch
introduces this behaviour for bdrv_open implementation. For protocols which
need to access the filename to open their file/device/connection/... a new
callback bdrv_file_open is introduced which doesn't get an underlying file
opened.
For now, also some of the more obscure formats use bdrv_file_open because they
open() the file themselves instead of using the block.c functions. They need to
be fixed in later patches.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
The current implementation of alloc_refcount_block and grow_refcount_table has
fundamental problems regarding error handling. There are some places where an
I/O error means that the image is going to be corrupted. I have found that the
only way to fix this is to completely rewrite the thing.
In detail, the problem is that the refcount blocks itself are allocated using
alloc_refcount_noref (to avoid endless recursion when updating the refcount of
the new refcount block, which migh access just the same refcount block but its
allocation is not yet completed...). Only at the end of the refcount allocation
the refcount of the refcount block is increased. If an error happens in
between, the refcount block is in use, but has a refcount of zero and will
likely be overwritten later.
The new approach is explained in comments in the code. The trick is basically
to let new refcount blocks describe their own refcount, so their refcount will
be automatically changed when they are hooked up in the refcount table.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
When the refcount table grows, it doesn't only grow by one entry but reserves
some space for future refcount blocks. The algorithm to calculate the number of
entries stays the same with the fixes, so factor it out before replacing the
rest.
As Juan suggested take the opportunity to simplify the code a bit.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Now that qcow2_alloc_clusters can return error codes, we must handle them in
the callers of qcow2_alloc_clusters.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
update_refcount can return errors that need to be handled by the callers.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
There's absolutely no problem with updating the refcounts of 0 clusters.
At least snapshot code is doing this and would fail once the result of
update_refcount isn't ignored any more.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
If update_refcount fails, try to undo any changes made so far to avoid
inconsistencies in the image file.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
In case of failure, we haven't increased the refcount for the newly allocated
cluster yet. Therefore we must not free the cluster or its refcount will become
negative (and endless recursion is possible).
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
This patch increases the maximum qcow2 cluster size to 2 MB. Starting with 128k
clusters, L2 tables span 2 GB or more of virtual disk space, causing 32 bit
truncation and wraparound of signed integers. Therefore some variables need to
use a larger data type.
While being at reviewing data types, change some integers that are used for
array indices to unsigned. In some places they were checked against some upper
limit but not for negative values. This could avoid potential segfaults with
corrupted qcow2 images.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
I used the following command to enable debugging:
perl -p -i -e 's/^\/\/#define DEBUG/#define DEBUG/g' * */* */*/*
Signed-off-by: Blue Swirl <blauwirbel@gmail.com>
Contrary to what one could expect, the size of L1 tables is not cluster
aligned. So as we're writing whole sectors now instead of single entries,
we need to ensure that the L1 table in memory is large enough; otherwise
write would access memory after the end of the L1 table.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
The really time consuming part of snapshotting is to adjust the reference count
of all clusters. Currently after each adjusted cluster the refcount block is
written to disk.
Don't write each single byte immediately to disk but cache all writes to the
refcount block and write them out once we're done with the block.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
When updating the refcount blocks in update_refcount(), write complete sectors
instead of updating single entries.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
The qcow2 source is now split into several more manageable files. During the
conversion quite some functions that were static before needed to be changed to
be global to make the source compile again.
We were lucky enough not to get name conflicts with these additional global
names, but they are not nice. This patch adds a qcow2_ prefix to all of the
global functions in qcow2.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
qcow2-cluster.c contains all functions related to the management of guest
clusters, i.e. what the guest sees on its virtual disk. This code is about
mapping these guest clusters to host clusters in the image file using the
two-level lookup tables.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
qcow2-refcount.c contains all functions which are related to cluster
allocation and management in the image file. A large part of this is the
reference counting of these clusters.
Also a header file qcow2.h is introduced which will contain the interface of
the split qcow2 modules.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Max Reitz
Kevin Wolf
Stefan Hajnoczi
Federico Simoncelli
Markus Armbruster
Paolo Bonzini
Stefan Hajnoczi
Zhi Yong Wu
Frediano Ziglio
Anthony Liguori
Stefan Weil
Blue Swirl
Amit Shah