The classical way to structure parser and lexer is to have the client
call the parser to get an abstract syntax tree, the parser call the
lexer to get the next token, and the lexer call some function to get
input characters.
Another way to structure them would be to have the client feed
characters to the lexer, the lexer feed tokens to the parser, and the
parser feed abstract syntax trees to some callback provided by the
client. This way is more easily integrated into an event loop that
dispatches input characters as they arrive.
Our JSON parser is kind of between the two. The lexer feeds tokens to
a "streamer" instead of a real parser. The streamer accumulates
tokens until it got the sequence of tokens that comprise a single JSON
value (it counts curly braces and square brackets to decide). It
feeds those token sequences to a callback provided by the client. The
callback passes each token sequence to the parser, and gets back an
abstract syntax tree.
I figure it was done that way to make a straightforward recursive
descent parser possible. "Get next token" becomes "pop the first
token off the token sequence". Drawback: we need to store a complete
token sequence. Each token eats 13 + input characters + malloc
overhead bytes.
Observations:
1. This is not the only way to use recursive descent. If we replaced
"get next token" by a coroutine yield, we could do without a
streamer.
2. The lexer reports errors by passing a JSON_ERROR token to the
streamer. This communicates the offending input characters and
their location, but no more.
3. The streamer reports errors by passing a null token sequence to the
callback. The (already poor) lexical error information is thrown
away.
4. Having the callback receive a token sequence duplicates the code to
convert token sequence to abstract syntax tree in every callback.
5. Known bug: the streamer silently drops incomplete token sequences.
This commit rectifies 4. by lifting the call of the parser from the
callbacks into the streamer. Later commits will address 3. and 5.
The lifting removes a bug from qjson.c's parse_json(): it passed a
pointer to a non-null Error * in certain cases, as demonstrated by
check-qjson.c.
json_parser_parse() is now unused. It's a stupid wrapper around
json_parser_parse_err(). Drop it, and rename json_parser_parse_err()
to json_parser_parse().
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20180823164025.12553-35-armbru@redhat.com>
QEMU README
===========
QEMU is a generic and open source machine & userspace emulator and
virtualizer.
QEMU is capable of emulating a complete machine in software without any
need for hardware virtualization support. By using dynamic translation,
it achieves very good performance. QEMU can also integrate with the Xen
and KVM hypervisors to provide emulated hardware while allowing the
hypervisor to manage the CPU. With hypervisor support, QEMU can achieve
near native performance for CPUs. When QEMU emulates CPUs directly it is
capable of running operating systems made for one machine (e.g. an ARMv7
board) on a different machine (e.g. an x86_64 PC board).
QEMU is also capable of providing userspace API virtualization for Linux
and BSD kernel interfaces. This allows binaries compiled against one
architecture ABI (e.g. the Linux PPC64 ABI) to be run on a host using a
different architecture ABI (e.g. the Linux x86_64 ABI). This does not
involve any hardware emulation, simply CPU and syscall emulation.
QEMU aims to fit into a variety of use cases. It can be invoked directly
by users wishing to have full control over its behaviour and settings.
It also aims to facilitate integration into higher level management
layers, by providing a stable command line interface and monitor API.
It is commonly invoked indirectly via the libvirt library when using
open source applications such as oVirt, OpenStack and virt-manager.
QEMU as a whole is released under the GNU General Public License,
version 2. For full licensing details, consult the LICENSE file.
Building
========
QEMU is multi-platform software intended to be buildable on all modern
Linux platforms, OS-X, Win32 (via the Mingw64 toolchain) and a variety
of other UNIX targets. The simple steps to build QEMU are:
mkdir build
cd build
../configure
make
Additional information can also be found online via the QEMU website:
https://qemu.org/Hosts/Linux
https://qemu.org/Hosts/Mac
https://qemu.org/Hosts/W32
Submitting patches
==================
The QEMU source code is maintained under the GIT version control system.
git clone git://git.qemu.org/qemu.git
When submitting patches, one common approach is to use 'git
format-patch' and/or 'git send-email' to format & send the mail to the
qemu-devel@nongnu.org mailing list. All patches submitted must contain
a 'Signed-off-by' line from the author. Patches should follow the
guidelines set out in the HACKING and CODING_STYLE files.
Additional information on submitting patches can be found online via
the QEMU website
https://qemu.org/Contribute/SubmitAPatch
https://qemu.org/Contribute/TrivialPatches
The QEMU website is also maintained under source control.
git clone git://git.qemu.org/qemu-web.git
https://www.qemu.org/2017/02/04/the-new-qemu-website-is-up/
A 'git-publish' utility was created to make above process less
cumbersome, and is highly recommended for making regular contributions,
or even just for sending consecutive patch series revisions. It also
requires a working 'git send-email' setup, and by default doesn't
automate everything, so you may want to go through the above steps
manually for once.
For installation instructions, please go to
https://github.com/stefanha/git-publish
The workflow with 'git-publish' is:
$ git checkout master -b my-feature
$ # work on new commits, add your 'Signed-off-by' lines to each
$ git publish
Your patch series will be sent and tagged as my-feature-v1 if you need to refer
back to it in the future.
Sending v2:
$ git checkout my-feature # same topic branch
$ # making changes to the commits (using 'git rebase', for example)
$ git publish
Your patch series will be sent with 'v2' tag in the subject and the git tip
will be tagged as my-feature-v2.
Bug reporting
=============
The QEMU project uses Launchpad as its primary upstream bug tracker. Bugs
found when running code built from QEMU git or upstream released sources
should be reported via:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/
If using QEMU via an operating system vendor pre-built binary package, it
is preferable to report bugs to the vendor's own bug tracker first. If
the bug is also known to affect latest upstream code, it can also be
reported via launchpad.
For additional information on bug reporting consult:
https://qemu.org/Contribute/ReportABug
Contact
=======
The QEMU community can be contacted in a number of ways, with the two
main methods being email and IRC
- qemu-devel@nongnu.org
https://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/qemu-devel
- #qemu on irc.oftc.net
Information on additional methods of contacting the community can be
found online via the QEMU website:
https://qemu.org/Contribute/StartHere
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